The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa最新文献

{"title":"Coulrophobia: An investigation of clinical features.","authors":"Talia Planting,&nbsp;Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz,&nbsp;Dan J Stein","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coulrophobia refers to fear or disgust elicited by clowns, or images of clowns, and may be accompanied by significant distress. The medical literature on sociodemographic and clinical features of coulrophobia is, however, sparse.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate coulrophobia sociodemographic and clinical features in an online support group.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to an online support group for coulrophobia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Members of the online coulrophobia support group received a link to a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on sociodemographic and clinical features, including fear-related and disgust-related symptoms, and included DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for specific phobia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 95 survey respondents, 79 were female respondents (mean age: 39.8 ± 12.6 years), with the mean age of onset 9 ± 6.1 years. Coulrophobia symptoms were associated with significant psychological distress and with impaired social functioning. About 7.4% of respondents reported severe anxiety with panic attacks. Comorbid disorders included major depressive disorder (9.5%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (5.3%) and panic disorder (3.2%). Individuals with fear-related symptoms were more likely to fulfil DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coulrophobia is a phenomenon that warrants clinical attention, given its association with significant comorbidity, psychological distress and impaired functioning. Several sociodemographic and clinical features are consistent with a diagnosis of specific phobia, although future work employing clinician-administered diagnostic tools is needed to consolidate and extend the findings here.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39624120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-life care in South Africa: Important legal developments.","authors":"Carla Kotzé,&nbsp;Johannes L Roos","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1748","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39624126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritising maternal mental health and infant neurodevelopment research in Africa - A call for action amidst the backdrop of the COVID‑19 pandemic.","authors":"Marlette Burger,&nbsp;Christa Einspieler,&nbsp;Marianne Unger,&nbsp;Dana Niehaus","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1716","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39624123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in a patient with Cushing's syndrome.","authors":"Reyna Daya,&nbsp;Faheem Seedat,&nbsp;Emilia Blomerus,&nbsp;Saajidah Bulbulia,&nbsp;Zaheer Bayat","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cushing's syndrome (CS) may present with different neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms including anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment and psychosis. Psychosis is a rare clinical manifestation, with literature limited to case reports. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with psychosis secondary to CS who was mis-diagnosed as schizophrenia-like psychosis. This case highlights the importance of considering CS as a differential when ruling out medical causes in patients with either new or persistent mental health disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39624122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol and drug use as factors for high-school learners' absenteeism in the Western Cape.","authors":"Godswill N Osuafor","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>School absenteeism has been studied in detail in relation to health risk behaviours using cross sectional studies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the association amongst alcohol, drug use and high-school learners' absenteeism.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was set in the Western Cape.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected at three separate time points from 2950, 2675 and 2230 grade 8 learners aged 13-18 years old on school absenteeism, alcohol and drug use and sociodemographic characteristics. Associations between school absenteeism, alcohol and cannabis and sociodemographic factors use were examined using descriptive and chi-square analyses. Binary logistic regression was performed using generalised linear mixed model analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that 9.3% of the learners were absent for 2 weeks in the 15 weeks of the school year. Alcohol consumption (<i>X</i> ² = 34.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 1.64 (1.38-1.94), <i>p</i> < 0.001) and smoking cannabis (<i>X</i> ² = 49.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR: 2.01 (1.65-2.45), <i>p</i> < 0.001) were associated with school absenteeism at bivariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, alcohol (OR: 1.42 (1.06-1.89), <i>p</i> < 0.05) and cannabis (OR: 1.57 (1.11-2.22), <i>p</i> < 0.05) use remained robust in predicting learners school absenteeism after adjusting for age, sex and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that alcohol consumption and smoking cannabis are contemporary factors associated with school absenteeism. Therefore, interventions to ensure learners' consistent attendance to school should integrate prevention of alcohol and cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39765959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Extrapyramidal side effects in first-episode schizophrenia treated with flupenthixol decanoate.","authors":"Francois-Pierre Joubert,&nbsp;Bonginkosi Chiliza,&nbsp;Robin Emsley,&nbsp;Laila Asmal","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1568.].</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39765960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Do medical students feel career ready after their psychiatry clinical rotation?","authors":"Kim Ives,&nbsp;Piet J Becker,&nbsp;Gian Lippi,&nbsp;Christa Krüger","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1397.].</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39688185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Dangers of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> food poisoning in psychiatric patients.","authors":"Colleen Bamford,&nbsp;Peter Milligan,&nbsp;Sean Kaliski","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1339.].</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39688184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric morbidity amongst adolescents in a Nigerian juvenile correctional facility.","authors":"Amudalat T Kuranga,&nbsp;Abdullahi D Yussuf","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high occurrence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescents within the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) has been confirmed. Most of the available data are from developed countries and some of them focus on just a single psychiatric disorder which may not be representative of the situation in low-income countries, hence the need for more studies in developing countries, including Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescent residents of a correctional facility.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was carried out at a Borstal Institution in North-Central Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and twenty adolescents were assessed using the socio-demographic pro forma questionnaire designed by the researcher and the Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-PL). Data were analysed using EPI-INFO 4.06 d version 6.04 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 62.5% of the male respondents were older than 15 years. The percentage of respondents with a psychiatric disorder was 82.5%. The rate of psychiatric disorders was high with disruptive behaviour disorders being the most common at 40.8%, others were substance use disorders (15.8%), anxiety disorders (14.2%), psychosis (6.7%) and mood disorders (5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has established a high prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders amongst incarcerated adolescents. This is in line with the findings of numerous studies worldwide. This study has identified the need to increase awareness and knowledge about the high morbidity of mental disorders in growing juvenile detainee populations. This will allow early identification of adolescents at risk of psychiatric disorders and ensure efficient resource distribution of both JJS service and mental healthcare. Effective and appropriate interventions have shown to improve overall health, quality of life and reduce the rate of recidivism amongst incarcerated juveniles.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39418720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences and perceptions of mental health service provision at a primary health centre in the Eastern Cape.","authors":"Duane Booysen,&nbsp;Phumeza Mahe-Poyo,&nbsp;Rosemary Grant","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 1994, the South African healthcare system has undergone several changes to meet the needs of contemporary South Africa. Yet the state of mental healthcare, especially in low-resource areas, remains in a precarious state.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore how persons diagnosed with a mental disorder experience and perceive mental health services in a low-resource community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at a primary care clinic in a low resource community setting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants diagnosed with mental illness who had been accessing treatment for at least the past 6 months from a primary health clinic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and identify pertinent themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following themes emerged from the data: (1) perceptions of mental disorders - role of culture, (2) experiences of having mental disorders - loss of employment, (3) problem of stigma - social rejection and labelling, (4) experience of distress - sadness and frustration and (5) challenges in accessing treatment - transport fee and shortage of staff.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study yielded several lived experiences and perceptions in relation to participants' feelings, opinions and interpretations of persons living with mental disorders and accessing mental health treatment in their local context. Future interventions should consider provision of more extensive professional help in the form of counsellors and social workers at the clinics, more efficient service delivery and future interventions regarding stigma should incorporate community members into the learning process.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39418721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}