The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa最新文献

{"title":"Impact of completing a psychosocial rehabilitation programme on inpatient service utilisation in South Africa.","authors":"Yanga Vava,&nbsp;Liezl Koen,&nbsp;Dana Niehaus,&nbsp;Henmar F Botha,&nbsp;Ulla Botha","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deinstitutionalisation refers to the process of transferring most of the psychiatric care provision from inpatient state-run institutions to community-based care. However, it has proven difficult to implement and failed to reach its desired targets. New Beginnings (NB) is a transitional care facility that facilitates the transition from in- to outpatient care. To date, no data exist as to whether the intervention provided at NB is effective in reducing psychiatric readmissions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine if completing a psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) programme reduces acute inpatient service utilisation and if this is influenced by sociodemographic or clinic factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>New Beginnings transitional care facility in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A record review of all NB admissions between January 2011 and December 2015. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including readmissions and days-in-hospital (DIH), 36 months pre- and postindex admission. Patients were divided into a completer group (CG) and a noncompleter group (NCG) for the eight-week PSR programme, and comparative statistical analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completion of the 8-week voluntary inpatient PSR programme led to a significant decrease (<i>p</i> = 0.017) (CG vs. NCG) in DIH during the 36-month period postindex admission. In addition, both groups showed significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) DIH postindex in comparison to pre-index admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's findings support that transitional care facilities offering an inpatient PSR programme may reduce inpatient service utilisation for all attendees but especially for those who complete the program. This highlights the need for such facilities that offer interventions tailored for patients with mental illness.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This is the first local study highlighting the potentially important role transitional care facilities could play in reducing readmissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cannabis use in people with psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Khanya Mona,&nbsp;Vuyokazi Ntlantsana,&nbsp;Andrew M Tomita,&nbsp;Saeeda Paruk","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a high prevalence of cannabis use in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, with comorbid cannabis use in this population being associated with poorer long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence of cannabis use in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of clinical records of patients admitted to the hospital for the period, June 2018 to June 2020, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 370 clinical records were reviewed, of which 48.9% reported current and 51.1% lifetime cannabis use. Being male was significantly associated with current and lifetime cannabis use (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 2.49-9.62 and OR = 6.27, 95% CI 3.28-11.95, respectively). Current alcohol use was also associated with current cannabis use (CCU) (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.78-5.28), and age 45 years and older was associated with a lower odds of cannabis use (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.96). Forty-eight per cent of participants were admitted three or more times, and readmission was associated with cannabis use (<i>p</i> = 0.01). There was a lack of association between cannabis use, readmission and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, after controlling for variables such as alcohol use and gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost 50% of people admitted with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders have comorbid current and lifetime cannabis use. There is a need for dual diagnosis units to address comorbid substance use in people with psychotic disorders, as it leads to poorer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study found that there is a high prevalence of cannabis use in people with psychosis. Therefore, it is imperative that we revise treatment programs in our psychiatric units and there is an urgent need for dual diagnosis programs that address substance use in this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review on the prevalence of perinatal depression in Malawi.","authors":"Genesis Chorwe-Sungani,&nbsp;Kondwani Wella,&nbsp;Patrick Mapulanga,&nbsp;Ditress Nyirongo,&nbsp;Mercy Pindani","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perinatal depression causes significant burden to women and their families during the perinatal period. However, there is no reliable national prevalence data on perinatal depression in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review aimed at establishing the pooled prevalence of perinatal depression.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study setting is Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two reviewers conducted the search, selection, quality evaluation and data abstraction. Appropriate terms were used to search the CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The relevance and the quality of the studies were assessed. The prevalence of prenatal depression was pooled using a random-effects model, which was used to synthesise the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included a total of eight articles of fair and good quality. This review found a pooled prevalence of antenatal depression of 17.1% (95.0% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5-22.2) and postnatal depression of 19.8% (95.0% CI: 4.6-42.1) with an overall pooled prevalence of perinatal depression of 18.9% (95.0% CI: 14.5-23.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review provided a pooled prevalence of perinatal depression which may be used in the absence of national prevalence data on perinatal depression.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This systematic review found a high a pooled prevalence of perinatal depression in Malawi suggesting that mental health should be a key component of maternal health programmes, policies and activities in the local setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptoms and quality of life prior to metabolic surgery in Cape Town, South Africa.","authors":"Wilma M Kruger-Steyn,&nbsp;Jeanne Lubbe,&nbsp;Kerry-Ann Louw,&nbsp;Laila Asmal","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression has been shown to have a negative impact on the outcomes of metabolic surgery and quality of life (QOL). Currently, there are limited data on mental distress and QOL in metabolic surgery candidates in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms at the time of presurgical assessment in participants undergoing metabolic surgery.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Initiative at Tygerberg Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted pre-operatively a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients who underwent metabolic surgery from September 2017 to September 2019. Participants were profiled in terms of metabolic parameters, depressive symptoms and QOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 157 participants assessed, 88% were female with a body mass index in the super obese range. Twenty-two percent of participants had depressive symptoms. Metabolic surgery candidates with depressive symptoms had a significantly poorer overall QOL score compared with those without depressive symptoms. When controlling for all other variables, an increase in QOL score was shown to decrease the odds of current depressive symptoms, whilst back pain on non-narcotic medication and having had a stroke were found to increase the odds of current depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the complex interplay between metabolic, clinical and psychiatric factors in patients undergoing metabolic surgery. The study highlights the vital role of a psychiatrist as part of a multidisciplinary team pre- and post-operatively in the early identification of depressive symptoms. Psychiatrists may have an important role to play as part of the multidisciplinary team in metabolic surgery, including screening for mental health problems pre- and post-operatively, providing psychoeducation and relevant pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy where needed.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study expands our limited knowledge of psychiatric comorbidity (in particular depressive symptoms and associated factors) in people undergoing metabolic surgery in low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of clinical psychologists in treating traumatic stress at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape: A qualitative study.","authors":"Kuriesha Munishvaran,&nbsp;Duane D Booysen","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Qualitative data on the experiences of treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a psychiatric setting in a low-resource context is sparse.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The authors aimed to explore the lived experiences of clinical psychologists who treat patients who are either trauma survivors or perpetrators in a psychiatric hospital.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A public psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of six individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with three clinical psychologists. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis for each participant identified several significant themes, namely (1) support as a male person, (2) being appreciative, (3) difficult trauma narratives, (4) a mother and a psychologist and (5) fear and hopelessness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treating traumatic stress amongst clinical psychologists working in a public psychiatric hospital can lead to experiences of vicarious trauma and traumatic stress. In addition, the participants experienced an added danger in treating high-risk state patients, exposing psychologists to traumatic stress. Furthermore, psychologists recognised the influence of gender and race and its impact on their roles in their personal and professional lives as practitioners treating traumatic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' voices from music therapy at a South African psychiatric hospital.","authors":"Carol Lotter,&nbsp;Werdie van Staden","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Life Esidimeni tragedy, crucial voices of mental healthcare users and practitioners were silenced, captured in the Ombud's report as a 'failure to listen'. Working against this kind of failure, various therapeutic interventions listen deliberately and uncover the voice of the patient, that is, what matters from his or her subjective perspective in his or her particular circumstances. Amongst these interventions, music therapy provides for this sensitive listening by expanding the scope and means of expression from the verbal to the musical.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article reports on a qualitative exploration of patients' lived experiences both during and after their course of individual music therapy, expressed both verbally and in the language of active music-making.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A tertiary public psychiatric hospital in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Audio-video recordings of 131 music therapy sessions and 15 post-therapy interviews were analysed thematically. From three sets of themes accounting for patients' verbal contents, musical participation and verbal post-therapy reflections, 11 salient voices were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 11 voices that emerged were (1) the voice of struggle, (2) the voice of disturbance, (3) the voice that feels, (4) the voice of isolation, (5) the powerless voice, (6) the voice that desires, (7) the voice of flow and connection, (8) the reflecting voice, (9) the symbolic voice, (10) the resilient voice and (11) the voice of liberation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although mental health practitioners may recognise these voices from their clinical experience, space and opportunity for hearing the voice of each patient should be generated deliberately.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40676585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training in management of conduct disorder.","authors":"Daniel O Kumuyi,&nbsp;Ebenezer O Akinnawo,&nbsp;Bede C Akpunne,&nbsp;Aderonke A Akintola,&nbsp;Deborah F Onisile,&nbsp;Onyeka O Aniemeka","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conduct Disorder (CD) is a repetitive disruptive behaviour that violates the rights of others, manifests in rules violation, aggression, hostility, and deceitfulness and has assumed prominence in its association with juvenile offending and criminality in adulthood. Despite this knowledge, little research attention is given to ascertaining effective psychobehavioural interventions to manage this problem, especially amongst Nigerian adolescents.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the efficacy of two psychobehavioural strategies to manage CD amongst in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of adolescents with CD was performed. Sixteen participants (aged 12-17 years) who reported high CD from an assessment of 1006 in-school adolescents of selected secondary schools in Ibadan were randomly grouped to receive either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), social skills training (SST) or combined CBT and SST. The Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI) was used for assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reduction in CD was observed among participants exposed to CBT (<i>t</i>[6] = 8.510), <i>p</i> < 0.05) at 8 weeks, SST (<i>t</i>[6] = 12.728), <i>p</i> < 0.05) at 8 weeks, and combined CBT and SST (<i>t</i>[8] = 12.728, <i>p</i> < 0.05) at the 6 week mark of interventions respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the study, CBT and SST are effective in managing CD. However, the combined psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST was more effective in managing CD, based on a faster therapeutic effect than the independent psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40676586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative study of mental health attribution, perceptions and care-seeking in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"John M Bwanika,&nbsp;Charlotte Hawkins,&nbsp;Louis Kamulegeya,&nbsp;Patricia Onyutta,&nbsp;Davis Musinguzi,&nbsp;Audrey Kusasira,&nbsp;Elizabeth K Musoke,&nbsp;Jascintha Kabeega","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health problems contribute to a substantial proportion of the global burden of disease. In Uganda, the World Health Organization estimates that 2.2 million people are affected by mental health disorders. Further research is needed to highlight people's views about mental health in order to ensure that services are appropriate, accessible and effective.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore perceptions, experiences and care-seeking preferences to inform stakeholders looking to provide contextually appropriate mental health programmes.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A diverse neighbourhood in central Kampala, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted 56 in-depth semi-structured interviews with people over the age of 37 years from November 2018 to May 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants discussed interpersonal and systemic issues that affect mental health in their community and the existing coping mechanisms that people employ. Social factors were often associated with mental health problems, with 36% of participants attributing them to economic stressors in particular. Mental health services were often perceived to be unavailable, costly or stigmatised, which can mean that care-seeking is delayed until problems become severe. Some people said they prefer to turn to prayer (25%) or counselling within their family or community (12.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mental health problems are often attributed to socioeconomic factors, which can also hinder access to services. An understanding of perceptions about mental health can help to align programmes for appropriateness and effectiveness. Our study suggests that beneficial additional services for people living in low-income urban settings in Uganda could include those which are free, community-based or offering financial support.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The profile of offenders accused of rape referred to the Observation Ward of the Free State Psychiatric Complex, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 2011-2015.","authors":"Laurisa van Zyl,&nbsp;Nathaniel L Mosotho,&nbsp;Leilani Cronjé,&nbsp;Mia Vosloo,&nbsp;Leandré Odendaal,&nbsp;Fritz Odendaal,&nbsp;Sarel Kruger,&nbsp;Gina Joubert","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual assault in South Africa has reached alarming proportions. Mental illness amongst offenders accused of rape is one of the complicating factors.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and forensic profile of alleged offenders accused of rape referred to a South African tertiary public psychiatric hospital for forensic evaluation, as well as describe the profile of the reported victims.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) Observation Ward, Bloemfontein, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional retrospective study compiled a sociodemographic, clinical and forensic profile of offenders accused of rape referred to the FSPC for forensic assessment between 2011 and 2015. The study population comprised 159 alleged offenders. Sociodemographic data, mental status, clinical diagnoses, comorbid substance use and forensic outcomes were collected from clinical files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All accused offenders were male with a median age of 30 years. About half obtained primary school level education. Unemployment was common (37.3%) with 40% receiving government grants. Most accused offenders were single (78.0%). Clinically, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders were the most common diagnoses (30.8%), followed by intellectual disability (16.3%). Almost a third of the accused offenders did not suffer from any mental illness. Alcohol (20.1%) and cannabis use disorders (12.6%) were dominant comorbidities. After a 30-day evaluation period, 53.2% of alleged offenders were found competent to stand trial. The verdict of criminal responsibility was made for 43.7% of this sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes data on sociodemographics, psychiatric morbidities and comorbidities and forensic findings amongst alleged offenders of rape referred for forensic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The magnitude and determinants of depressive symptoms amongst women in early pregnancy in Southern Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Omolola F Oboro,&nbsp;Vincent Ebulue,&nbsp;Victor O Oboro,&nbsp;Victor Ohenhen,&nbsp;Adeoye Oyewole,&nbsp;Rasaq Akindele,&nbsp;Olufemi Ala,&nbsp;Olaolu Oyeniran,&nbsp;Adegboye Isawumi,&nbsp;Babatunde Afolabi","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antenatal depression (AD) is prevalent and associated with adverse pregnancy, maternal and child outcomes, yet no study has addressed its magnitude and predictors in early pregnancy in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence and factors associated with AD in first half of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Multicentric health facilities in Southern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentric health-facilities-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018. Using pretested structure interviewer-administered questionnaires, antenatal depressive symptoms were assessed amongst 511 pregnant mothers with the Edinburg Postnatal Depressive Scale tool. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, clinical, family and social factors were also measured. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to describe and identify factors associated with AD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms in early pregnancy in this study was 29.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.6-32.9). Factors independently associated with AD were intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 8.10, 95% CI 5.00-13.14), marital dissatisfaction (AOR 5.48, 95% CI 3.48-8.38), poor social support (AOR 4.70; 95% CI 2.99-7.38), past history of depression (AOR 4.67; 95% CI 2.47-8.80), previous pregnancy complication (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.57-3.89), low socio-economic status (AOR 2.41, 95% CI 1.61-3.66) and unplanned pregnancy (AOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.47-3.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of antenatal depression is high with modifiable risk factors requiring context-specific policies such as provision of family, social and economic support for mothers at the earliest possible contact in the antenatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":520815,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa","volume":" ","pages":"1691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}