The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS最新文献

{"title":"A Comparison of the Effects of Prolonged Infusion of Propofol 2% and 1% During Total Intravenous Anaesthesia Using Target-Controlled Infusion Technique for Elective Neurosurgery.","authors":"Kar Yee Loo,&nbsp;Sanihah Che Omar,&nbsp;Rhendra Hardy Mohamad Zaini,&nbsp;Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan Hassan,&nbsp;Praveena Seevaunnamtum","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with a combination of target-controlled infusions (TCIs) of propofol and remifentanil has been advocated for a favourable neurosurgical outcome. Neurosurgical procedures often involve a prolonged duration and large cumulative infusion of propofol. This study compares the serial serum lipid profile, acid-base balance and lactate level of neurosurgical patients anaesthetised with TCIs of propofol at 2% versus 1%.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 74 patients who underwent an elective craniotomy under general anaesthesia were randomised into two groups: i) propofol 1% (<i>n</i> = 37) and ii) propofol 2% (<i>n</i> = 37). All patients were anaesthetised using TCIs of propofol and remifentanil. Serial lipid profiles (serum triglyceride [TG] and cholesterol levels) were taken at the baseline, upon cessation of propofol and at 2 h post-operation. The total dosage, volume used and syringe changes of both groups were also documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total volume of propofol used was significantly lower in the 2% group than the 1% group (157.19 mL [SD = 77.14] versus 335.17 mL [SD = 174.27]; <i>P</i> = 0.005) and the frequency of syringe changes was also less in the 2% than the 1% group (2 [3] versus 6 [3]; <i>P</i> < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of serial serum TG, cholesterol, the acid-base balance or the lactate level. There was also no significant correlation of lipid profile with cumulative dose or volume of propofol infused between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both concentrations of propofol, 1% and 2%, were comparable in terms of the serial lipid profile, acid-base balance and lactate level during TIVA using TCIs for elective neurosurgery. The benefits of propofol at 2% were that a lower volume was used and there were fewer syringe changes, which could minimise anaesthesia interruption throughout surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Tailored Interactive Multimedia Software based on the Trans-Theoretical Model for the Promotion of Physical Activity Behaviours.","authors":"Somayeh Jalali,&nbsp;Nasrin Roozbahani,&nbsp;Mohsen Shamsi","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although physical activity (PA) is essential, it is difficult to motivate people to take part in PA, especially the ones with high blood pressure (hypertension). One of the most commonly applied theoretical frameworks to change health behaviours is the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of tailored, interactive multimedia software based on TTM for the promotion of PA behaviours among Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This interventional study selected 120 healthy individuals aged 30 years old-50 years old from health centres in Delijan, Iran using multi-stage sampling. The participants were in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages of PA behaviour. For the intervention, an active multimedia training (active life) based on TTM, like six training sessions of approximately 30 min (once a week) plus aerobic exercise videos were designed and provided to the intervention group. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and 6 months after the intervention and analysed using statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 38.20 (SD = 7.11) years old. Six months after the intervention, 61.7% of the individuals in the intervention group and 3.3% in the control group progressed to the action stage, which was significant only in the intervention group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). There was a significant increase in PA in both groups, yet this increase was significantly higher in the intervention group (36.02 [SD = 31.22] to 146.16 [SD = 90.43]; <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared to the control group (33.41 [SD = 28.33] to 54.41 [SD = 44.02; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained indicated that the implementation of educational intervention using multimedia designed based on TTM could be used as one of the effective strategies to promote PA to prevent hypertension in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victimisation, Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Adults in Malaysia.","authors":"Norhayati Ibrahim,&nbsp;Magtum Aen,&nbsp;Noh Amit,&nbsp;Zaini Said,&nbsp;Ching Sin Siau","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals have been found to experience a high prevalence of psychological conditions. The present study aims to examine the relationship between victimisation, depression and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a cross-sectional design. We distributed the questionnaire online using snowball sampling and self-identified LGB adults responded to the survey. Scales on sexual minority-specific victimisation, depression and suicidal ideation were employed. The data were analysed using Spearman rank order correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 220 adults in Malaysia (156 males and 64 females; 58 lesbian, 112 gays and 50 bisexuals). Ninety-two participants (41.8%) reported experiencing sexual minority-specific victimisation; 29 participants (13.2%), 35 participants (15.9%) and 23 participants (10.5%) were mildly, moderately and severely depressed, respectively and 44.0% participants were experiencing current suicidal ideation. The correlations were fair (<i>r</i> <i>_s</i> = 0.30) between victimisation and depression, poor (<i>r</i> <i>_s</i> = 0.16) between victimisation and suicidal ideation, and moderate (<i>r</i> <i>_s</i> = 0.60) between depression and suicidal ideation. There were no differences between homosexual and bisexual participants in victimisation, depression and suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between victimisation, depression and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"120-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Age on Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Using 750 Hz Tone Burst Stimuli among Healthy Adults.","authors":"Sharifah Zainon Sayed,&nbsp;Nor Haniza Abdul Wahat","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) response characteristics depend on age, stimulus and individual anatomical differences. Therefore, normative data are required for accurate VEMPs interpretations. This cross-sectional study investigates VEMPs age-related changes among healthy adults using 750 Hz short alternating tone burst (TB) stimuli.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty adults aged between 23 years old and 76 years old with a mean of 51.56 (SD = 16.44) years old underwent air-conducted (AC) cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and head taps ocular VEMPs (oVEMPs) testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cVEMPs and oVEMPs response rates reduced significantly at the age of 50-year-old and above. No significant age trends were observed for both cVEMPs and oVEMPs latencies and asymmetry ratios. However, amplitude reduced with increasing age for both cVEMPs, <i>P</i> < 0.001 and oVEMPs, <i>P</i> = 0.01. No significant differences in cVEMPs and oVEMPs latencies, amplitude or asymmetry ratios were identified between gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published normative data for cVEMPs and oVEMPS in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, obtained among healthy adults aged between 23 years old and 76 years old. Health professionals in the region can use these findings as VEMPs normative references in their clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Centor Score for Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis among Adults in Primary Care Clinics in Malaysia.","authors":"AbdulRahman Muthanna,&nbsp;Nurainul Hana Shamsuddin,&nbsp;Aneesa Abdul Rashid,&nbsp;Sazlina Shariff Ghazali,&nbsp;Rukman Awang Hamat,&nbsp;Maliza Mawardi,&nbsp;Hani Syahida Salim,&nbsp;Siti Zulaikha Zakariah","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharyngitis is a common presentation seen in general practice, but it is difficult to differentiate whether its etiology is viral or bacterial. The Centor score gives an approximation of the etiology of the pharyngitis, which informs physicians of the need to prescribe antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Centor score in diagnosing Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis amongst adults in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the clinical criteria of the Centor score to the gold standard throat swab culture results amongst 215 adults presenting with sore throat in primary care clinics. The participants were adult patients who complained of sore throat and visited the three public primary care clinics in Sepang, Malaysia. The convenience sampling method was used. The throat swabs were analysed for β-haemolytic streptococci. Demographic and clinical data, including the Centor score, were analysed in relation to the pathogen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharyngitis was diagnosed in 130 (60.5%) of the participants. Six isolates (2.4%) were identified as GAS pharyngitis. Both Centor scores 3 and 4 had a sensitivity of 50%, and specificities of 97.6% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A Centor score < 3 is favourable for excluding a diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis. Centor scores 3 and 4 require further examination to confirm a diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics: Positive Effects on COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Le Pham Tan Quoc","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"165-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Effect of Saffron Extract on Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidaemic Experimental Animal Models.","authors":"Iman Nabilah Abd Rahim,&nbsp;Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim,&nbsp;Mohamad Rodi Isa,&nbsp;Hapizah Nawawi","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saffron is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various medical disorders, including hyperlipidaemia. This study aims to systematically review the effects of saffron extract (SE) on lipid profile in in vivo studies. A strategic literature search was done following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Scopus, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science databases and hand-searching methods were utilised to identify studies published up to January 2020 that reported the effects of SE on lipid profile in a hyperlipidaemic experimental animal model. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. The methods of extraction were aqueous (<i>n</i> = 4), ethanolic (<i>n</i> = 1) and hydroalcoholic (<i>n</i> = 1) extracts. Five doses of SE ranging from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg were administered to rats and hamsters, with a duration ranging from 10 days to 8 weeks. SE at doses of 40 mg/kg/day and 80 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (21.4%-35.4%), low-density lipoproteins (38.7%-50.0%) and triglycerides (TGs) (29.1%-45.0%) and markedly increased the level of high-density lipoproteins (36.6%-65%) in the treated group compared to the untreated group with a minimum 3-week intervention duration (<i>P</i> < 0.05). This systematic review demonstrated that SE exhibits hypolipidaemic effects compared to a placebo. SE has almost the same ability to reduce cholesterol levels as the standard therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Correlation of Breast Carcinoma with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System.","authors":"Suraya Aziz,&nbsp;Muhammad Afiq Mohamad,&nbsp;Reena Rahayu Md Zin","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is one of the commonest malignancy cancer worldwide and the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification has been extensively utilised as an adjunct to histopathological examination for malignant breast diseases. This study aims to analyse the concordance between radiological and histopathological findings, demonstrate the high predictive value in the BI-RADS category and evaluate the impact of these findings on surgical intervention and treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-centre retrospective study, analysing patients who underwent radiological examination with BI-RADS categories 3, 4 and 5 followed by histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis based on breast core biopsy or excision specimen over 3 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 316 specimens from 310 patients were included in this study; 75 cases were categorised BI-RADS 3, 166 as BI-RADS 4 and 75 as BI-RADS 5. Of these, 66 (20.8%) patients in BI-RADS category 3, 82 (25.9%) in BI-RADS category 4 and 5 (1.6%) in BI-RADS category 5 were reported as benign on histopathological examination. Malignant cases were reported in nine (2.8%) cases in BI-RADS category 3, 84 (26.6%) in BI-RADS category 4 and 70 (22.2%) in BI-RADS category 5. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity were 63.9%, 88%, 94.48%, and 43.14%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant correlation between BI-RADS score and histopathological results of breast cancer. A higher BI-RADS score is associated with a higher possibility of malignancy (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Our institution's performance is comparable to other previously published data.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Tetraspanins: A New Turnabout in Treatment of Microorganisms.","authors":"Khairiyah Murad,&nbsp;Sharaniza Ab Rahim,&nbsp;Hassanain Al-Talib","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetraspanins, a transmembrane protein is a 'molecular organiser' with diverse functions that promote a network of signalling involved in the cellular and pathological processes. Tetraspanins-enriched microdomains (TEMs) are the crucial feature for the protein-protein interactions in the cell membrane and are vulnerable to pathogens exploitation. Targetting the tetraspanins has shown to be effective against microbial infections although more research is needed to be performed. This article will review previous evidence that has successfully demonstrated the potential mechanism to target tetraspanins as an antimicrobial agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2021 Performance Report of the <i>Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences</i>.","authors":"Zulkapli Nour Azimah,&nbsp;Jafri Malin Abdullah","doi":"10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a report on the annual performance of the <i>Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences</i> (MJMS) in 2021. It includes the important metrics of journal impact measurement and the appointment of experts within their respective fields as new members of the Editorial Board.</p>","PeriodicalId":520812,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}