The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Overcoming Disparities in Using SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection in Persons With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Gwendolyne A Jack, Eleonora Avenatti, Sangeeta R Kashyap, Archana R Sadhu","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite mounting evidence supporting the cardio-kidney benefits of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, significant disparities in their use exist among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular or kidney disease that reveals a significant disconnect between guidelines and practice. These discrepancies are particularly pronounced among women, minority races, and lower socioeconomic groups. These groups remain underrepresented in major cardiovascular trials, potentially leading to their exclusion from optimal therapies and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This review aims to highlight disparities in the use of SGLT2i in populations with T2D, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It examines the factors that influence the prescription of SGLT2i medications within these populations and evaluates their downstream impact on clinical outcomes. Finally, the review summarizes recent clinical trial findings on strategies that enhance the adoption of SGLT2i and other cardioprotective agents through a multifaceted approach, aiming to improve real-world adoption for patients with T2D and/or cardiovascular and kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A National User-Satisfaction Survey, UK.","authors":"Helen Couch, Andrew Pearson, Neha Malhotra, Michael Ferguson, George Couch, Clare Gilbert, Kate Morgan, Sarah Mann, Kelly Cassidy, Sarah Worthington, Elaine O'Shea, Maria SalomonEstebanez, Chris Worth, Senthil Senniappan, Indraneel Banerjee, Antonia Dastamani","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) causes severe and recurrent hypoglycaemia with a 33-50% risk of neurodisability necessitating rigorous glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is now widely used in CHI with limited data on user-reported benefits. There are no validated instruments available to assess the impact of CGM use on quality of life (QOL) in CHI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate CGM user satisfaction of patients with CHI and their carers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Modified CGM-satisfaction (CGM-Sat) and glucose monitoring surveys (GMS) were distributed electronically to CHI families using CGM.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>CHI Highly Specialised Services, UK, May to August 2023.</p><p><strong>Patients or other participants: </strong>Parents (n = 86) and teachers (n = 15) of patients with CHI using CGM (0-18 years old), and patients themselves if ≥7 years old (n = 20).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>User reported ease of CGM handling, influence of CGM on CHI management and QOL, and desire for continued use of CGM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents reacted positively to statements regarding: CGM device handling (58% agreed or strongly agreed), influence on CHI management (70%), QOL (75%), and continued use (86%). Satisfaction with CGM was positively correlated with duration of use (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). 86% of users reported checking the CGM 1-5 times per hour. Users reported perceived improvements in safety, hypoglycaemia detection, freedom and independence, despite concerns with accuracy and device range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with CHI and their carers reported that they feel safer and perceive benefits from CGM in all aspects of living with CHI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Physical Activity and its Relationship to the Human Milk Metabolome and Infant Body Composition.","authors":"Chang Lu, Jonathan M Dreyfuss, Tien Hua, Danielle Wolfs, Emily M Nagel, Armando Peña, Eric F Lock, Elisabeth Seburg, Stephanie Pierce, Gertrude Kyere-Davies, Kelsey E Johnson, Arti Uniyal, Jackson Tu, Cheryl A Gale, Ran Blekhman, Michael Kiebish, Juan J Aristizabal-Henao, Kevin R Short, Michael C Rudolph, Ellen W Demerath, David A Fields, Elvira Isganaitis","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Exercise is recommended for postpartum health, but its impacts on breastmilk composition and offspring are understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test whether the breastmilk metabolome is altered with (i) acute exercise and/or (ii) habitual physical activity, and (iii) whether exercise-altered metabolites are associated with infant adiposity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Milk metabolites were assessed before and after acute exercise and in association with habitual activity score in two independent cohorts.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Two academic medical centers.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The acute exercise cohort had 15 mother-infant dyads. The habitual activity nested case-control analysis had 84 physically active 'cases' and 35 inactive 'controls', and was done in a subset of the MILk/4M Study (N=348).</p><p><strong>Interventions/exposures: </strong>The acute exercise exposure was a 30-minute moderate-intensity treadmill session. The habitual activity exposure was based on Physical Activity Recall questionnaire scores.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Milk metabolite relative abundance at 1-month postpartum by LC/GC-MS, infant anthropometric and body composition measures at 1, 3, and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An acute exercise bout altered milk concentrations in 28 of 511 detectable metabolites (FDR<0.05). In the habitual activity analysis, 4 of 454 detectable metabolites differed between active cases vs. inactive controls (FDR<0.05). Ten metabolites were altered (p<0.05) by both exercise exposures. Of these, 4 were positively associated with fat mass index at 1 month, and 2 were associated with greater increase in BMI z-score between 1-3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal exercise was associated with differences in the breastmilk metabolome. Metabolites that were associated with both acute exercise and habitual activity correlated with infant adiposity measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is impaired suppression of glucagon a predictive marker of glucose intolerance?","authors":"Fabrizia Carli, Amalia Gastaldelli","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CCNA2 and CCND2 are differentially involved in β-cell proliferation in perinatal Japanese autopsied subjects.","authors":"Sho Osonoi, Takanori Sasaki, Zhenchao Wang, Takefusa Tarusawa, Kasumi Osonoi, Emi Ishiyama, Hanae Kushibiki, Masaki Ryuzaki, Yi Tu, Yukihiro Fujita, Kiminori Terui, Soroku Yagihashi, Hiroki Mizukami","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>β-cell proliferation is restricted to the perinatal period. Although cyclins trigger cell proliferation, their contribution to cell proliferation during the human perinatal period is not well understood. Furthermore, histological changes in the development of islet cells in Japanese are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine pancreatic islet formation with cyclin involvement from the perinatal period to adolescence in Japanese autopsy samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pancreas sections from fetuses to adolescents were morphometrically evaluated. The expression of nuclear cyclins A2 and D2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CCND2 and CCND2-antisense 1 lincRNA were evaluated by in situ hybridization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>α- and β-cell proportions increased with development. The β-/α-cell ratio was almost constant during development. β-cell proliferation, as revealed by labeling with antibodies against Ki-67, was most abundant around birth and then rapidly decreased. The expression of nuclear cyclins A2 and D2 was highest around birth, and there was a stronger positive correlation between the Ki-67 index and cyclin A2 than D2. The expression of CCND2- antisense 1 lincRNA in pancreatic islets decreased rapidly after birth and correlated more significantly with cyclin D2 expression than with CCND2 mRNA expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide the first morphological changes during the islet cell development in Japanese autopsy samples, ranging from fetuses to adolescents and that CCNA2, assisted by CCND2, may play a central role in β-cell proliferation. Furthermore, CCND2-antisense 1 positively regulates cyclin D2 expression in pancreatic islets of during development. These results could be applied to future β-cell proliferation therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor From Yang et al: \"Cognitive Risk Stratification Score in Middle-aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study\".","authors":"Xinyue Yang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yu Jiang","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol Ablation of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma - Predictors of Clinical Outcome.","authors":"Pål Stefan Frich, Eva Sigstad, Audun Elnæs Berstad, Else Marie Opsahl, Kristin Holgersen Fagerlid, Krystyna Kotanska Grøholt, Trine Bjøro, Knut Håkon Hole, Liv Ingrid Flinder","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ethanol Ablation (EA) is a treatment option in recurrent or persistent metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether ultrasonographic characteristics of the MLN, history of lymph node surgery, aggressive histological subtype, or BRAF V600E mutation in the primary tumor predict long-term response from EA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five patients who received EA at a tertiary referral center were included. We evaluated treatment response from the most recent clinically indicated examination, or a study-specific examination. BRAF analysis and review of histological subtypes in the primary tumor were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median interval from initial surgery to follow-up was 119 months (range, 39-471). Pure cystic MLN had a better outcome than the solid and partially cystic MLN (13/13, 100% vs. 90/121, 74%, p=0.039). Small MLN (≤ 0.5 ml) had a higher response rate compared to larger lesions (71/92, 77% vs. 10/19, 53%, p=0.045). We observed no difference in EA-response between patients with or without the BRAF V600E mutation (80/99, 81% vs. 17/25, 68%, p=0.181) or an aggressive subtype (22/24, 92% vs. 75/100, 75%, p=0.099) in their primary tumors. EA achieved similar rates of locoregional disease control in neck regions with or without previous lymph node surgery (66% vs. 63%, p=0.825).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA was highly effective in pure cystic MLN. Partially cystic or non-cystic MLN over 0.5 ml were less responsive, though many of these MLN still showed a lasting response. BRAF V600E mutation, aggressive histological subtype or absence of prior lymph node surgery, did not negatively impact EA response.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired glucagon suppression accompanied by liver fat accumulation mediated worse blood glucose control in T2D patients.","authors":"Shuang Li, Jingfei Liu, Chun Yang, Yanjun Jin, Yiwen Zhou, Hang Zhao, Zhangyao Su, Yu Fu, Mei Zhang, XianYong Yin, Tao Yang, Yong Gu, Yang Chen","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and exacerbates hyperglycemia, but its impact on postprandial glucagon suppression remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between hepatic steatosis and impaired glucagon suppression during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and to evaluate the mediating role of glucagon dysregulation in linking liver fat to glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 604 patients with T2D underwent liver fat quantification via FibroScan Pro®-controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver ultrasound. Postprandial glucagon suppression was assessed during 180-minute OGTT (0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-min), with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in 287 participants. Glucagon suppression was calculated for early (0-30 min), late (30-180 min), and overall (0-180 min) phases. Multivariable regression and mediation analyses tested associations between CAP, glucagon dynamics, and CGM-derived glycemic profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2D patients with MASLD (CAP ≥238 dB/m, n=414) exhibited significantly impaired glucagon suppression compared to non-MASLD controls (n=190) across all phases (all P<0.05). Each 1-SD CAP increase independently predicted attenuated dose-dependent suppression in all phases (standardized β=0.183-0.303, P<0.001). Males showed greater suppression impairment than females and stronger CAP-associated dysregulation. Mediation analysis revealed that glucagon suppression mediated 14.9-33.9% of the adverse effects of liver fat on hyperglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liver fat accumulation in T2D is strongly associated with defective postprandial glucagon suppression, particularly in males, which mediates nearly one-third of its detrimental impact on glycemic control. Targeting hepatic steatosis and glucagon signaling may offer novel therapeutic strategies for T2D management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of multi-kinase inhibitor therapy outcomes in RAIR-(P)DTC and MTC at a tertiary referral centre.","authors":"Yara Maria Machlah, Tim Brandenburg, Philipp Muchalla, Vera Tiedje, Sarah Theurer, Manuel Weber, Frank Weber, Henning Dralle, Harald Lahner, Dagmar Führer","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) have transformed treatment for advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, limited insight exists into management differences between expert centres and multicentre registries or clinical studies. Moreover, MKI efficacy in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is underreported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included 154 thyroid cancer patients (51 PDTC, 49 DTC, 54 MTC) treated with MKIs from 2011 to 2024 at the Essen Endocrine Tumour Centre by a consistent specialist team. Clinical characteristics, tumour genetics, time-to-treatment and treatment outcomes were assessed. Cox regression analyses identified prognostic survival factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In (P)DTC, lenvatinib showed higher objective response rate (ORR) (64% vs. 18%) and longer median progression-free survival (PFS) (22.4 vs. 6.7 months), especially in PDTC (21.2 vs. 3.5 months). Lenvatinib-treated patients without bone metastases had higher ORR (74% vs. 53%), while higher age and liver metastases were associated with shorter PFS (HR, 2.12, p = 0.039; HR, 2.34, p = 0.031). In MTC, vandetanib demonstrated higher ORR (60% vs. 18%) and longer PFS (26.1 vs. 10.0 months) than cabozantinib. Vandetanib as first-line showed higher ORR (67% vs. 25%) and RET mutations correlated with longer PFS (HR, 0.14, p = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lenvatinib outperformed sorafenib, particularly in PDTC, suggesting the need for alternative treatments. In MTC, vandetanib was more effective than cabozantinib, supporting its use as first-line therapy. However, the choice of MKI was determined by the treating physician. Our data highlight MKI effectiveness under expert-centre management compared to prior trials and real-world data.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Throughput Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry of Orbital Connective Tissue in Graves' Orbitopathy.","authors":"Yuanping Hai, Qintao Ma, Sijie Fang, Faranak Bahramimehr, Cheng Song, Yongbo Duan, Genfeng Yu, Xiaohua Lu, Chunmei Jin, Xiao Wang, Lan Liu, Huiyu Guo, Yi Wang, Huifang Zhou, Thomas Efferth, George J Kahaly, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-throughput proteomics (HTP) helps identify characteristic signaling networks specific to certain diseases, thus offering a range of potential applications in basic research and precision medicine. Immunohistochemistry can uncover local orbital immunity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one orbital connective tissue samples from patients with Graves' Orbitopathy, GO (11 with clinically severe and 12 with mild GO), and from eight control subjects were examined using HPT. We focused on the intersection of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that differ between severe GO and both mild GO and control. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze DEPs. Immunohistochemical verification was performed using 11 severe and 7 mild GO orbital tissues. Immunostaining was quantitatively analyzed using reliable and automated software that ensures objective, operator-independent evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,579 proteins were identified: 847, 790, and 208, DEPs were registered when comparing mild GO vs. control, severe GO vs control, and severe versus mild GO, respectively (all p<0.05). Using a cut-off threshold of fold change ≥ 2.0 during screening, five significantly up-regulated DEPs (Latent-transforming growth factor β-binding protein 2, Lysyl oxidase homolog, Ras-interacting protein 1, Integrin beta 3, Coagulation factor XII) overlapped between severe GO and both mild GO and control; while 163 up-regulated DEPs were involved in various biological processes (angiogenesis, inflammation, tissue remodeling and fibrosis). Subsequent immunohistochemical tissue validation confirmed the HTP findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For the first time, combined proteomics and immunohistochemistry detected upregulated orbital tissue proteins potentially implicated in GO progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}