The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity最新文献

{"title":"The neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness: a narrative systematic review.","authors":"Levi Frehlich, Chelsea D Christie, Paul E Ronksley, Tanvir C Turin, Patricia Doyle-Baker, Gavin R McCormack","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01359-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-022-01359-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is increasing evidence demonstrating the importance of the neighbourhood built environment in supporting physical activity. Physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improvements in health-related fitness (i.e., muscular, cardiorespiratory, motor, and morphological fitness). Emerging evidence also suggests that the neighbourhood built environment is associated with health-related fitness. Our aim was to summarize evidence on the associations between the neighbourhood built environment and components of health-related fitness in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Our data sources included electronic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Environment Complete, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Transport Research International Documentation from inception to March 2021. Our eligibility criteria consisted of observational and experimental studies estimating associations between the neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness among healthy adults (age ≥ 18 years). Eligible studies included objective or self-reported measures of the neighbourhood built environment and included either objective or self-reported measures of health-related fitness. Data extraction included study design, sample characteristics, measured neighbourhood built environment characteristics, and measured components of health-related fitness. We used individual Joanna Briggs Institute study checklists based on identified study designs. Our primary outcome measure was components of health-related fitness (muscular; cardiorespiratory; motor, and morphological fitness).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven studies (sample sizes = 28 to 419,562; 2002 to 2020) met the eligibility criteria. Neighbourhood destinations were the most consistent built environment correlate across all components of health-related fitness. The greatest number of significant associations was found between the neighbourhood built environment and morphological fitness while the lowest number of associations was found for motor fitness. The neighbourhood built environment was consistently associated with health-related fitness in studies that adjusted for physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The neighbourhood built environment is associated with health-related fitness in adults and these associations may be independent of physical activity. Longitudinal studies that adjust for physical activity (including resistance training) and sedentary behaviour, and residential self-selection are needed to obtain rigorous causal evidence for the link between the neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Protocol registration: PROSPERO number CRD42020179807.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33481676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and premature cardiovascular disease events: a 30-year population-based cohort study.","authors":"Jason M Nagata,&nbsp;Eric Vittinghoff,&nbsp;Kelley Pettee Gabriel,&nbsp;Jamal S Rana,&nbsp;Andrea K Garber,&nbsp;Andrew E Moran,&nbsp;Jared P Reis,&nbsp;Cora E Lewis,&nbsp;Stephen Sidney,&nbsp;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01357-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01357-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although physical activity is generally protective of cardiovascular disease (CVD), less is known about how young adult physical activity relates to premature CVD events. The objective of this study was to determine the association between level and change in physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and incidence of premature CVD events before age 60.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data collected across four urban sites from nine visits over 30 years of follow-up (1985-2016) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective community-based cohort study of 5115 Black and White women and men aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986). Linear mixed models were used to develop individualized moderate-to-vigorous intensity self-reported physical activity trajectories per participant. Fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and stroke outcomes were analyzed separately and as a combined CVD event outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, physical activity declined in young adults as they progressed through middle age. Lower physical activity scores (per 100 exercise units) in 18 year-olds were associated with higher odds of premature CHD (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28), heart failure (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.38), stroke (AOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04-1.39), and any CVD (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24) events. Each additional annual 1-unit reduction in the physical activity score was associated with a higher annual odds of incident heart failure (1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), stroke (1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13), and CVD (1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07) events. Meeting the minimum (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.0.57-0.96) and twice the minimum (AOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.91) Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines through follow up was protective of premature CVD events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given recent trends in declining physical activity with age and associated premature CVD events, the transition from young adult to midlife is an important time period to promote physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9487136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40373862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the 24-h movement behaviors during the transition to retirement: compositional data analysis.","authors":"Kristin Suorsa,&nbsp;Tuija Leskinen,&nbsp;Jesse Pasanen,&nbsp;Anna Pulakka,&nbsp;Saana Myllyntausta,&nbsp;Jaana Pentti,&nbsp;Sebastien Chastin,&nbsp;Jussi Vahtera,&nbsp;Sari Stenholm","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01364-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01364-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transition to retirement is shown to affect sleep, sedentary time and physical activity, but no previous studies have examined how retirement changes the distribution of time spent daily in these movement behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinally how the composition of 24-h movement behaviors changes during the transition to retirement using compositional data analysis (CoDA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 551 retiring public sector workers (mean age 63.2 years, standard deviation 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. The study participants wore a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer for one week 24 h per day before and after retirement, with one year between the measurements. The daily proportions to time spent sleeping, in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated using the GGIR package. Changes in the daily proportions of movement behaviors were examined using Compositional Data Analysis version of linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, the proportion of time spent in active behaviors decreased relative to time spent in passive behaviors after retirement (p < .001). This change depended on occupation (occupation*time interaction p < .001). After retirement manual workers increased the proportions of both sleep and SED in relation to active behaviors, whereas non-manual workers increased the proportion of sleep in relation to active behaviors and SED. The proportion of MVPA decreased relatively more than the proportion of LPA (p = 0.01), independently of gender and occupation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retirement induced a decrease in the proportion of time spent in active behaviors, especially time spent in MVPA. Future studies are needed to find ways to maintain or increase daily physical activity levels at the cost of sedentary behaviors among retirees.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40361308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of a multi-strategy choice architecture intervention on improving the nutritional quality of high school students' lunch purchases from online canteens (Click & Crunch High Schools): a cluster randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tessa Delaney,&nbsp;Sze Lin Yoong,&nbsp;Hannah Lamont,&nbsp;Christophe Lecathelinais,&nbsp;Luke Wolfenden,&nbsp;Tara Clinton-McHarg,&nbsp;Rachel Sutherland,&nbsp;Rebecca Wyse","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01362-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01362-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High school canteens are an ideal setting for public health nutrition intervention, and choice architecture strategies that facilitate the purchase of healthier foods and beverages from school canteens are recommended by the World Health Organization. The rapid uptake of online lunch ordering within school canteens provides a unique opportunity to implement choice architecture strategies that support healthier food choices with high fidelity. Despite this, no trial has tested the efficacy of choice architecture strategies within an online lunch ordering system on improving the nutritional quality of high school student lunch purchases. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of embedding choice architecture strategies into an online lunch ordering system on the nutritional quality of the school canteen lunch purchases of high school students (aged 12-19 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with nine high schools in one Australian state. Schools were randomized to receive either a 2-month choice architecture intervention (involving menu labelling, prompts, item positioning, and feedback), or usual online ordering. Nutrient quality of online canteen lunch purchases was assessed using routine data collected by the online ordering system. Primary outcomes were the proportion of 'Everyday', 'Occasional', and 'Should not be sold' items purchased, categorized using the state healthy canteen policy. Secondary outcomes were the mean energy, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of purchases and the mean weekly revenue from online lunch orders. Linear mixed models were analyzed to assess outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the student cohort (Intervention: 4 schools, 656 students; Control: 5 schools, 675 students) showed significant between group differences over time for the intervention group for the mean percentage of online lunch items per student that were 'Everyday' (+ 5.5%; P < 0.001) and 'Should not be sold' (- 4.4%; P < 0.001). There were no between group differences over time in the mean percentage of online lunch items that were 'Occasional'; the average energy, saturated fat, sugar, or sodium content of lunch orders. There was also no difference in mean weekly revenue from high school student online lunch orders (P = 0.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that a low intensity, choice architecture intervention embedded within an online ordering system can increase the purchase of healthier food items for high school students in one Australian state without any adverse impact on canteen revenue.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework on 23rd October 2020 as osf.io/h8zfr.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9473460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40357116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectively measuring the association between the built environment and physical activity: a systematic review and reporting framework.","authors":"Francesca L Pontin, Victoria L Jenneson, Michelle A Morris, Graham P Clarke, Nik M Lomax","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01352-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-022-01352-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Objective measures of built environment and physical activity provide the opportunity to directly compare their relationship across different populations and spatial contexts. This systematic review synthesises the current body of knowledge and knowledge gaps around the impact of objectively measured built environment metrics on physical activity levels in adults (≥ 18 years). Additionally, this review aims to address the need for improved quality of methodological reporting to evaluate studies and improve inter-study comparability though the creation of a reporting framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. After abstract and full-text screening, 94 studies were included in the final review. Results were synthesised using an association matrix to show overall association between built environment and physical activity variables. Finally, the new PERFORM ('Physical and Environmental Reporting Framework for Objectively Recorded Measures') checklist was created and applied to the included studies rating them on their reporting quality across four key areas: study design and characteristics, built environment exposures, physical activity metrics, and the association between built environment and physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies came from 21 countries and ranged from two days to six years in duration. Accelerometers and using geographic information system (GIS) to define the spatial extent of exposure around a pre-defined geocoded location were the most popular tools to capture physical activity and built environment respectively. Ethnicity and socio-economic status of participants were generally poorly reported. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the most common metric of physical activity used followed by walking. Commonly investigated elements of the built environment included walkability, access to parks and green space. Areas where there was a strong body of evidence for a positive or negative association between the built environment and physical activity were identified. The new PERFORM checklist was devised and poorly reported areas identified, included poor reporting of built environment data sources and poor justification of method choice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review highlights key gaps in studies objectively measuring the built environment and physical activity both in terms of the breadth and quality of reporting. Broadening the variety measures of the built environment and physical activity across different demographic groups and spatial areas will grow the body and quality of evidence around built environment effect on activity behaviour. Whilst following the PERFORM reporting guidance will ensure the high quality, reproducibility, and comparability of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9476279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40355463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System dynamics modelling to engage community stakeholders in addressing water and sugar sweetened beverage consumption.","authors":"Andrew D Brown,&nbsp;Kristy A Bolton,&nbsp;Brydie Clarke,&nbsp;Penny Fraser,&nbsp;Janette Lowe,&nbsp;Jake Kays,&nbsp;Peter S Hovmand,&nbsp;Steven Allender","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01363-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01363-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Participatory approaches to develop community-based system dynamics models to tackle complexity are promising, but research is needed in how simulation models can be developed with community stakeholders to yield significant system insights. This study presents the results of a community-based system dynamics modelling process to increase water consumption and decrease sugar sweetened beverage consumption in Portland, Victoria, a regional town in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of group model building workshops with 11 community stakeholders addressing the topic of water and sugar sweetened beverage consumption was conducted in Portland. A simulating system dynamics model was built with stakeholders to inform action planning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A system dynamics model was created to provide insight into water and sugar sweetened beverage consumption in Portland. The model included six feedback loops describing the causal effects of sugar sweetened beverage consumption habits and norms, water taste, water consumption norms, public water availability, and public health benefits. For example, the sugar sweetened beverage consumption norm loop modelled how people overestimating others' consumption may motivate an increase in their own consumption, feeding back and further amplifying an increase in sugar sweetened beverage consumption. The model contributed to the foundation of a strong partnership to improve the taste of water and educate the public on water consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Engaging stakeholders in system dynamics modelling about water and sugar sweetened beverage consumption increased engagement and collaboration to address the problem among community stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9463801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33458301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of accelerometer-based methods for 24-h physical behavior assessment in young children (0-5 years old).","authors":"Annelinde Lettink, Teatske M Altenburg, Jelle Arts, Vincent T van Hees, Mai J M Chinapaw","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01296-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-022-01296-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate accelerometer-based methods are required for assessment of 24-h physical behavior in young children. We aimed to summarize evidence on measurement properties of accelerometer-based methods for assessing 24-h physical behavior in young children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed (MEDLINE) up to June 2021 for studies evaluating reliability or validity of accelerometer-based methods for assessing physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), or sleep in 0-5-year-olds. Studies using a subjective comparison measure or an accelerometer-based device that did not directly output time series data were excluded. We developed a Checklist for Assessing the Methodological Quality of studies using Accelerometer-based Methods (CAMQAM) inspired by COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two studies were included, examining conventional cut-point-based methods or multi-parameter methods. For infants (0-12 months), several multi-parameter methods proved valid for classifying SB and PA. From three months of age, methods were valid for identifying sleep. In toddlers (1-3 years), cut-points appeared valid for distinguishing SB and light PA (LPA) from moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). One multi-parameter method distinguished toddler specific SB. For sleep, no studies were found in toddlers. In preschoolers (3-5 years), valid hip and wrist cut-points for assessing SB, LPA, MVPA, and wrist cut-points for sleep were identified. Several multi-parameter methods proved valid for identifying SB, LPA, and MVPA, and sleep. Despite promising results of multi-parameter methods, few models were open-source. While most studies used a single device or axis to measure physical behavior, more promising results were found when combining data derived from different sensor placements or multiple axes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Up to age three, valid cut-points to assess 24-h physical behavior were lacking, while multi-parameter methods proved valid for distinguishing some waking behaviors. For preschoolers, valid cut-points and algorithms were identified for all physical behaviors. Overall, we recommend more high-quality studies evaluating 24-h accelerometer data from multiple sensor placements and axes for physical behavior assessment. Standardized protocols focusing on including well-defined physical behaviors in different settings representative for children's developmental stage are required. Using our CAMQAM checklist may further improve methodological study quality.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42020184751.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9461103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33450120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new normal for food insecurity? A repeated cross-sectional survey over 1 year during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.","authors":"Katherine Kent,&nbsp;Sandra Murray,&nbsp;Beth Penrose,&nbsp;Stuart Auckland,&nbsp;Ella Horton,&nbsp;Elizabeth Lester,&nbsp;Denis Visentin","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01347-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01347-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic has been impacted by necessary public health restrictions. Tasmania, an island state south of the Australian mainland, recorded no community transmission of COVID-19 between May 2020 to November 2021 due to strong border restrictions. This study aimed to determine the changes in prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of food insecurity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In May 2020 (survey 1: during lockdown), September 2020 (survey 2: eased restrictions) and May 2021 (survey 3: 1-year post-lockdown), cross-sectional, online surveys using convenience sampling methods determined food insecurity in Tasmanian adults using the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, in addition to key sociodemographic questions. Crude and age-adjusted prevalence of food insecurity was calculated, and binary logistic regression determined at-risk groups and changes in prevalence over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age-adjusted prevalence of food insecurity was 27.9% during lockdown (n = 1168), 19.5% when restrictions had eased (n = 1097) and 22.6% 1-year post-lockdown (n = 1100). Young adults, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, individuals with disabilities, families with dependents and temporary residents were at highest risk across all time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of food insecurity was higher than pre-pandemic levels across all three time points. Our results indicate the potential long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Australia, where despite easing social distancing restrictions and a lack of COVID-19 transmission, the prevalence of food insecurity reduced, but did not recover to pre-pandemic levels 1-year following a lockdown.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9449271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-perspective qualitative exploration of the reasons for changes in the physical activity among 10-11-year-old children following the easing of the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK in 2021.","authors":"Robert Walker,&nbsp;Danielle House,&nbsp;Lydia Emm-Collison,&nbsp;Ruth Salway,&nbsp;Byron Tibbitts,&nbsp;Kate Sansum,&nbsp;Tom Reid,&nbsp;Katie Breheny,&nbsp;Sarah Churchward,&nbsp;Joanna G Williams,&nbsp;Frank de Vocht,&nbsp;William Hollingworth,&nbsp;Charlie Foster,&nbsp;Russell Jago","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01356-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Active-6 is exploring how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted physical activity behaviour among Year 6 children (aged 10-11 years) and their parents in Southwest England. Initial findings from the Active-6 project have shown a 7-8 min decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour among children following the easing of restrictions in the UK in latter half of 2021. This finding suggests that the pandemic has had a persistent impact on child physical activity behaviour. This paper explored the possible mechanisms behind these changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interviews with parents (n = 21), members of school staff (n = 9) and focus groups with children aged 10-11 years (n = 47) were conducted between August and December 2021 to discuss the impact of the pandemic on child physical activity behaviour. The framework method was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes spanning two key stages of the pandemic were described. Three themes related to the period of lockdowns and fluctuating restrictions (March 2020 - April 2021). These included: Theme 1) Lockdown: A short-lived adventure; Theme 2) Access to facilities during restrictions; and Theme 3) The importance of the parent. A further two themes were identified related to the period following the gradual easing of restrictions in April 2021. These included: Theme 4) An overwhelming return to normal; and Theme 5) Reopening fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis suggested that feelings of novelty experienced during the initial stages of lockdown waned as restrictions were prolonged, creating an increasingly challenging period for parents and their children. However, during periods of restrictions, the importance of parental encouragement and access to appropriate facilities in the local and home environment helped facilitate physical activity. Following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions, emotional overwhelm and physical fatigue among children, stemming from a sedentary and socially isolated life in lockdown and other restrictions, were key contributors to the decreased moderate to vigorous physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour that was observed in a related quantitative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9444096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40352365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Children are precious cargo; we don't let them take any risks!\": Hearing from adults on safety and risk in children's active play in schools: a systematic review.","authors":"Alethea Jerebine, Katie Fitton-Davies, Natalie Lander, Emma L J Eyre, Michael J Duncan, Lisa M Barnett","doi":"10.1186/s12966-022-01344-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-022-01344-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding determinants of children's outdoor play is important for improving low physical activity levels, and schools are a key setting for both. Safety concerns shape children's opportunity to play actively outdoors, therefore, this qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to i) examine adult (e.g., parent, teacher, yard supervisor, principal) perspectives on safety and risk in children's active play during recess in elementary and/or middle schools, and ii) identify how safety and risk influence playground supervision and decision making in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six electronic databases were systematically searched in March 2021, with an updated search in June 2022. Records were screened against eligibility criteria using Covidence software, and data extraction and synthesis were performed using predesigned coding forms in Microsoft Excel and NVivo. Framework synthesis methodology was employed, guided by a conceptual framework structured on the socio-ecological model (SEM) and affordance theory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 10,370 records, 25 studies were included that represented 608 adults across 89 schools from nine countries. The synthesis identified 10 constraining and four affording factors that influenced whether school staff were risk-averse or risk tolerant during recess, and, in turn, the degree to which children's play was managed. Constraining factors stemmed from fears for children's physical safety, and fear of blame and liability in the event of playground injury, which shaped parent, school staff and institutional responses to risk. Interrelated factors across SEM levels combined to drive risk-averse decision making and constraining supervision. Emerging evidence suggests children's active play in schools can be promoted by fostering a risk tolerant and play friendly culture in schools through play facilitation training (e.g., risk-reframing, conflict resolution) and engaging stakeholders in the development of school policies and rules that balance benefits of play against potential risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings show several socio-cultural factors limited the ability of school staff to genuinely promote active play. Future work should seek to foster risk tolerance in schools, challenge the cultural norms that shape parent attitudes and institutional responses to risk in children's play, and explore novel methods for overcoming policy barriers and fear of liability in schools.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration: CRD42021238719.</p>","PeriodicalId":520799,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","volume":" ","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}