The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception最新文献

{"title":"Female genital arousal in women using combined hormonal contraceptives.","authors":"Giuseppe Caruso, Salvatore Caruso, Claudia Santangelo, Giuseppe Toscano, Carlotta Bartilotti, Marco Palumbo","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2621846","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2621846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To correlate the sexual arousal and vaginal lubrication scores with free androgen index (FAI) and clitoral blood flow in women using different types of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) containing ethinylestradiol (EE), oestradiol valerate (E2V), 17β-oestradiol (E2), or estetrol (E4), combined with different progestogens having antiandrogenic properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and thirty-two women (age range 18-41) participated in the study. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) questionnaires were used to assess sexual function and sexual distress, respectively. Sex homnone-binding globuline (SHBG) and total testosterone (TT) were measured, and FAI was calculated. Translabial colour Doppler ultrasound was adopted to measure the pulsatility index (PI) of clitoral arteries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arousal and lubrication scores were lower in women on HCs with EE than in those using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing E2V, 17β E2, or E4. The lowest FAI percentages were achieved by women using combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) containing EE, while the highest ones were found in women using COCs with natural and native oestrogens. Sexual arousal and lubrication scores had a positive correlation with FAI. Finally, COCs with native and natural oestrogens produced lower PI values than CHCs containing EE. Moreover, clitoral artery PI values were negatively correlated with FAI, with a stronger negative correlation obsterved for COCs containing natural and native oestrogens conpared with those contanining EE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unlike what was observed in women who were using COCs containing E2V, 17 E2, or E4, a minority of those on CHCs with EE might experience decreased sexual arousal and vaginal lubrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical habit or necessity? Investigating misoprostol use for IUD insertion in Europe.","authors":"Lisa Eggebrecht, Manuel Rizzo, Moritz Klinghardt, Tanja Boehnke, Clare Barnett, Klaas Heinemann","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2625138","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2625138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The routine use of misoprostol prior to insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is not recommended. Despite this lack of recommendations, a notable proportion of IUD users received misoprostol without any apparent indication within the framework of a large non-interventional study. Here we describe prescribing patterns of misoprostol prior to IUD insertion and assess their alignment with guideline-based indications.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Our study is a non-interventional cohort study that enrolled women with newly inserted IUDs between 2014 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in ten European countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Data was captured via questionnaires from IUD users and inserting physicians, and included medication type and cervical preparation before IUD insertion, uterine anatomy, and any procedural complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>13.2% of 97,189 study participants received misoprostol before IUD insertion (unrelated to pregnancy termination), with usage varying significantly across countries. Austria (48.0%) and Germany (35.3%) had the highest rates, followed by Spain (7.1%) while other countries reported usage below 2.5%. Anatomical risk factors for failed insertion (e.g. cervical stenosis) were present in only a minority of participants. Nulliparity seemed to be a determining factor for misoprostol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed discrepancies between local IUD insertion practices and current best-practice guidelines highlight the need for ongoing professional education and may inform future updates to evidence-based contraceptive care protocols.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT02146950.</p><p><strong>Short condensation: </strong>Misoprostol was frequently used before IUD insertion despite lacking medical indication and showing wide variation across Europe, revealing discrepancies between practice and guidelines and highlighting the need for better alignment with evidence-based care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on: 'Critical assessment of a prolonged-release EE/DNG contraceptive safety analysis' - a letter to the editor to the European Jornal of Contraception by Jonathan Douxfils et al.","authors":"Giovanni Grandi, Inka Wiegratz, Alejandro Muñoz, Enrico Colli, Alicyoy Angulo, Pedro-Antonio Regidor","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2626431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2626431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year clinical experience on the thromboembolic safety profile of the first prolonged release combined oral contraceptive containing 2 mg dienogest and 0.02 mg ethinyl-oestradiol.","authors":"Giovanni Grandi, Inka Wiegratz, Alejandro Muñoz, Enrico Colli, Alicyoy Angulo, Pedro-Antonio Regidor","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2590003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2590003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of a prolonged-release combined oral contraceptive (COC) with 2 mg dienogest (DNG) and 0.02 mg ethinyl-oestradiol (EE) in a 24/4 daily regimen in over 17 countries between 2024 and 2025 has been the result of extensive pharmaceutical research and clinical development. The high level of acceptability of this novel formulation is due to its reliable contraceptive efficacy and cycle control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the incidence of thromboembolic events with the use of the DNG/EE COC based on more than one year of pharmacovigilance data, providing the first indication regarding its safety profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After more than one year of clinical experience and over 50,861 women-years of use, 12 cases of VTE were recorded, resulting in a rate of 2.36 VTE events per 10,000 women-years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reported incidence of VTE under the use of DNG/EE is low, lower than the rate defined by the EMA of 5-7 cases per 10,000 women-years under the use of a COC with levonorgestrel or the summary of product characteristics specified VTE risk of 8-11 cases per 10,000 women-years for the combination of DNG/EE, hence introducing a new safe contraceptive option, in particular for users wishing the anti-androgen properties of such a formulation. This first preliminary report further confirms the safety of the product, providing reassurance to both healthcare providers and patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"192-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with unplanned pregnancy among pregnant female adolescents in the Southeast region of Brazil: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Negli R Gallardo-Alvarado, Pamela P Teixeira, Rodolfo C Pacagnella, Jose G Cecatti, Erika Zambrano, Luis Bahamondes","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2026.2677884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2026.2677884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify associated factors, to unplanned pregnancies (UP) among pregnant adolescents in the Southeast region of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 12-20 years old pregnant adolescents at the antenatal care services of the Women's Hospital, State University of Campinas, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 101 female adolescents with a median age of 17 years, a median age of 14 years at sexual debut, and a median age of 16 years at first pregnancy. Most participants were self-reported as Pardas (Bi-racial) (49/101), students (59/101), and reported between 10 and 12 years of schooling (79/101). Eighty-five of them (84.0%) reported that the present pregnancy was unplanned. Living with a partner [OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.01; 0.53] and delaying age at first pregnancy [OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.40;0.98] were associated with protective factors to UP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We believe both the public and private sectors should implement actions to strengthen the capacity of the health system to foster adequate contraceptive methods counselling and methos availability, particular long-acting reversible contraceptives, to adolescents throughout Brazil. Also, educational interventions should focus on encouraging the postponement of sexual debut and first pregnancy. These interventions should be recommended, among those adolescents involved in a romantic relationship, foster relationships based on respect, communication and stability. We believe these efforts may result in better sexual and reproductive health through life for this population.</p><p><strong>Short condensation: </strong>We found that 8 out of 10 adolescents reported having an unplanned pregnancy at the time of the survey.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and smoking as contraindications to combined hormonal contraception but not to postmenopausal hormone therapy: but natural oestrogens (oestradiol and estetrol) are the same!","authors":"Giovanni Grandi, Jacques Bertold Evens Versailles","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2584977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2584977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of endometrial biopsy for chronic endometritis diagnosis: CD138⁺ and CD56⁺ cell variability throughout the menstrual cycle.","authors":"Chiara Selmi, Sara Lazzarin, Francesca Monari, Simone Giulini, Giulia Tarozzi, Serena Lecis, Isabella Neri, Laura Botticelli, Riccardo Cuoghi Costantini, Maria Longo, Maria Rosaria Campitiello, Antonio La Marca","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2600576","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2600576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the variability in the distribution of uterine plasma cells CD138+ and Natural Killer (NK) CD56+ cells throughout the menstrual cycle in patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) undergoing endometrial biopsy for Chronic Endometritis (CE) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on women with RIF or RPL undergoing diagnostic workup between 2018 and 2025. Endometrial biopsies were performed during either the proliferative or secretive phase of the menstrual cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>249 women were included. According to histology, 117 (47%) samples were collected in the proliferative phase and 132 (53%) in the secretive phase. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant differences in CD138+ positivity between phases, both using a more restrictive cut-off (>5/10 HPFs) (5.98% vs. 7.58%, OR (95% CI) 1.29 (0.47; 3.5), <i>p</i> = 0.620; aOR (95% CI) 1.49 (0.51; 4.69), <i>p</i> = 0.474) and a broader one (≥1/10 HPFs) (17.09% vs. 12.12%, OR (95% CI) 0.67 (0.33; 1.36), <i>p</i> = 0.267; aOR (95% CI) 0.74 (0.33; 1.61), <i>p</i> = 0.450). Likewise, NK CD56+ positivity did not significantly differ between groups using either a stricter cut-off (>10%) (25.66 vs. 29.55%, OR (95% CI) 1.21 (0.69; 2.13), <i>p</i> = 0.499; aOR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.73-2.51, <i>p</i> = 0.350) or a more comprehensive one (>4.5%) (68.14% vs. 68.94%, OR (95% CI) 1.04 (0.6;1.78), <i>p</i> = 0.893; aOR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.49-1.59, <i>p</i> = 0.679).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with RPL or RIF, endometrial biopsy shows similar CD138+ and CD56+ positivity rates in both proliferative and secretive phases. These findings suggest that biopsy timing may not substantially affect detection rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal contraception and breast cancer: the impact of formulation era, age, and ethnicity.","authors":"Ambrogio P Londero, Serena Bertozzi, Anjeza Xholli, Giovanni Grandi, Angelo Cagnacci","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2597928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2597928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"94-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: global availability of mifepristone for medical abortion and ulipristal acetate for emergency contraception.","authors":"Cristina Puig Borràs, Nathalie Kapp","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2599355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2599355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contraception for adolescent and young women. A consensus conference results.","authors":"Franca Fruzzetti, Angelo Cagnacci, Manuala Farris, Metella Dei, Salvatore Caruso, Tiziana Fidecicchi, Gilda Di Paolo, Ambrogio P Londero","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2586091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13625187.2025.2586091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This consensus aimed to establish a consensus on hormonal contraception for adolescents and young women by synthesising current evidence and expert opinions, ultimately forming an evidence-based framework to guide clinical decision-making for methods approved in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An expert panel convened by the Italian Society of Contraception conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, hyperandrogenism, sexual function, mood, bone health, and vaginal health. Consensus statements were debated and refined iteratively during the Society's 15th National Congress. Approximately 150 clinicians cast anonymous electronic votes, requiring a consensus of at least 75% to finalise each statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All statements exceeded the 75% consensus threshold. Recommendations emphasise the prioritisation of long-acting reversible contraceptives as primary choices for adolescents due to their enhanced efficacy and adherence rates. The panel highlighted the importance of anticipatory counselling regarding bleeding patterns and other side effects to reduce discontinuation rates. Combined hormonal methods have been proven effective for managing acne, with recommendations offered for selecting formulations that enhance sexual health, stabilise mood, and consider bone metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selecting a hormonal contraceptive for young women requires a personalised evaluation that considers pregnancy prevention, tolerability, and additional non-contraceptive advantages. This consensus provides Italian clinicians with a structured, evidence-based framework to facilitate personalised counselling and encourage the sustained, safe use of contraceptives.</p>","PeriodicalId":520795,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","volume":" ","pages":"62-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}