Research (Washington, D.C.)最新文献

{"title":"Highly Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Nonoxidative Coupling of Methane to Ethylene over Pd-Zn Synergistic Catalytic Sites.","authors":"Yanduo Liu,&nbsp;Yihong Chen,&nbsp;Wenbin Jiang,&nbsp;Tingting Kong,&nbsp;Pedro H C Camargo,&nbsp;Chao Gao,&nbsp;Yujie Xiong","doi":"10.34133/2022/9831340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9831340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic nonoxidative coupling of CH₄ to multicarbon (C₂₊) hydrocarbons (e.g., C₂H₄) and H₂ under ambient conditions provides a promising energy-conserving approach for utilization of carbon resource. However, as the methyl intermediates prefer to undergo self-coupling to produce ethane, it is a challenging task to control the selective conversion of CH₄ to higher value-added C₂H₄. Herein, we adopt a synergistic catalysis strategy by integrating Pd-Zn active sites on visible light-responsive defective WO₃ nanosheets for synergizing the adsorption, activation, and dehydrogenation processes in CH₄ to C₂H₄ conversion. Benefiting from the synergy, our model catalyst achieves a remarkable C₂₊ compounds yield of 31.85 <i>μ</i>mol·g^-1·h^-1 with an exceptionally high C₂H₄ selectivity of 75.3% and a stoichiometric H₂ evolution. In situ spectroscopic studies reveal that the Zn sites promote the adsorption and activation of CH₄ molecules to generate methyl and methoxy intermediates with the assistance of lattice oxygen, while the Pd sites facilitate the dehydrogenation of methoxy to methylene radicals for producing C₂H₄ and suppress overoxidation. This work demonstrates a strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts toward selective coupling of CH₄ to higher value-added chemicals and highlights the importance of synergistic active sites to the synergy of key steps in catalytic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9831340"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Pancreatic Acinar FXR Protects against Pancreatitis via Osgin1-Mediated Restoration of Efficient Autophagy.","authors":"Yufan Zheng,&nbsp;Wenrui Sun,&nbsp;Zhengyang Wang,&nbsp;Jiaying Liu,&nbsp;Cong Shan,&nbsp;Chenxi He,&nbsp;Borui Li,&nbsp;Xiao Hu,&nbsp;Wenjia Zhu,&nbsp;Liyan Liu,&nbsp;Fei Lan,&nbsp;Changtao Jiang,&nbsp;Chao Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaobo Li,&nbsp;Ning Sun","doi":"10.34133/2022/9784081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9784081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in gastroenterology, and no medications are available for treating this disease in current clinical practice. FXR plays an anti-inflammatory role in diverse inflammatory diseases, while its function in pancreatitis remains unknown. In this study, we initially observed a marked increase of nuclear FXR in pancreatic tissues of human patients with pancreatitis. Deleting the FXR in pancreatic acinar cells (FXR^{acinar<i>Δ</i>/<i>Δ</i>} ) led to more severe pancreatitis in mouse models of caerulein-induced acute and chronic pancreatitis, while the FXR agonist GW4064 significantly attenuated pancreatitis in caerulein or arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and caerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. FXR deletion impaired the viability and stress responses of pancreatic exocrine organoids (PEOs) in vitro. Utilizing RNA-seq and ChIP-seq of PEOs, we identified <i>Osgin</i>1 as a direct target of FXR in the exocrine pancreas, which was also increasingly expressed in human pancreatitis tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Pancreatic knockdown of <i>Osgin</i>1 by AAV-pan abolished the therapeutic effects of FXR activation on pancreatitis, whereas pancreatic overexpression of <i>Osgin</i>1 effectively alleviated caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Mechanistically, we found that the FXR-OSGIN1 axis stimulated autophagic flux in the pancreatic tissues and cell lines, which was considered as the intrinsic mechanisms through which FXR-OSGIN1 protecting against pancreatitis. Our results highlight the protective role of the FXR-OSGIN1 axis in pancreatitis and provided a new target for the treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9784081"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40697652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate Identification of DNA Replication Origin by Fusing Epigenomics and Chromatin Interaction Information.","authors":"Fu-Ying Dao,&nbsp;Hao Lv,&nbsp;Melissa J Fullwood,&nbsp;Hao Lin","doi":"10.34133/2022/9780293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9780293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA replication initiation is a complex process involving various genetic and epigenomic signatures. The correct identification of replication origins (ORIs) could provide important clues for the study of a variety of diseases caused by replication. Here, we design a computational approach named iORI-Epi to recognize ORIs by incorporating epigenome-based features, sequence-based features, and 3D genome-based features. The iORI-Epi displays excellent robustness and generalization ability on both training datasets and independent datasets of K562 cell line. Further experiments confirm that iORI-Epi is highly scalable in other cell lines (MCF7 and HCT116). We also analyze and clarify the regulatory role of epigenomic marks, DNA motifs, and chromatin interaction in DNA replication initiation of eukaryotic genomes. Finally, we discuss gene enrichment pathways from the perspective of ORIs in different replication timing states and heuristically dissect the effect of promoters on replication initiation. Our computational methodology is worth extending to ORI identification in other eukaryotic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9780293"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40697651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesive and Self-Healing Polyurethanes with Tunable Multifunctionality.","authors":"Lei Zhou,&nbsp;Lu Zhang,&nbsp;Peichuang Li,&nbsp;Manfred F Maitz,&nbsp;Kebing Wang,&nbsp;Tengda Shang,&nbsp;Sheng Dai,&nbsp;Yudie Fu,&nbsp;Yuancong Zhao,&nbsp;Zhilu Yang,&nbsp;Jin Wang,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.34133/2022/9795682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9795682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many polyurethanes (PUs) are blood-contacting materials due to their good mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, cytocompatibility, biosafety, and relatively good hemocompatibility. Further functionalization of the PUs using chemical synthetic methods is especially attractive for expanding their applications. Herein, a series of catechol functionalized PU (C-PU-PTMEG) elastomers containing variable molecular weight of polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) soft segment are reported by stepwise polymerization and further introduction of catechol. Tailoring the molecular weight of PTMEG fragment enables a regulable catechol content, mobility of the chain segment, hydrogen bond and microphase separation of the C-PU-PTMEG elastomers, thus offering tunability of mechanical strength (such as breaking strength from 1.3 MPa to 5.7 MPa), adhesion, self-healing efficiency (from 14.9% to 96.7% within 2 hours), anticoagulant, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory properties and cellular growth behavior. As cardiovascular stent coatings, the C-PU-PTMEGs demonstrate enough flexibility to withstand deformation during the balloon dilation procedure. Of special importance is that the C-PU-PTMEG-coated surfaces show the ability to rapidly scavenge free radicals to maintain normal growth of endothelial cells, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation, mediate inflammatory response, and reduce thrombus formation. With the universality of surface adhesion and tunable multifunctionality, these novel C-PU-PTMEG elastomers should find potential usage in artificial heart valves and surface engineering of stents.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9795682"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9639449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40455145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-Site Nanoscale-Ordered Structure Enables Ultra-High Tunable Performance.","authors":"Biaolin Peng,&nbsp;Qiuping Lu,&nbsp;Yi-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Jing-Feng Li,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Haitao Huang,&nbsp;Laijun Liu,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Limei Zheng,&nbsp;Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.34133/2022/9764976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9764976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tunable devices constructed by ferroelectric thin films are often desired to possess a low dielectric loss while maintainging a high dielectric tunability over a broad operating temperature range in applications, for example, resonators, filters, or phase shifters. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve these characteristics by traditional strategies, such as doping and strain modifying. Here, we demonstrate that the dielectric tunability of the sol-gel-prepared Pb(Sc_1/2Nb_1/2)_0.9(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.1O₃ (PSNMN) thin film can be almost doubled from ~47% to ~80.0% (at 10 kHz) at a low electric field (~530 kV/cm), and the dielectric loss can be sharply reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from ~0.50 to ~0.037 (at 1 kHz) when the thin film was annealed in air at 650°C for 15 h under the help of an atmosphere-compensating-block (ACB) made from the proto-PSNMN gel. Moreover, the PSNMN thin film annealed with ACB also exhibited an extremely high thermally-stable dielectric tunability in an ultrabroad temperature range (>130 K), which could be attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) effect generated by the interface between the PSNMN disordered matrix and the B-site nanoscale-ordered structure formed during the long-term annealing process. The reduced dielectric loss is mainly benefited from the reduced concentration of oxygen vacancy and the possible MW effects, and the enhanced dielectric tunability could be ascribed to the weaker domain-pinning effect by oxygen vacancy. The breakthrough provides a new universal strategy to achieve utrahigh tunable performance in A(B'_1/2B\"_1/2)O₃ ferroelectric thin films with a B-site nanoscale-ordered structure, meanwhile it paves the way for ultraintergrated tunable thin-film-devices with great phase shifter performance in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9764976"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9639443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40475231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Microtube-Based Wearable Closed-Loop Minisystem for Diabetes Management.","authors":"Yiqun Liu,&nbsp;Qi Yu,&nbsp;Xiaojin Luo,&nbsp;Le Ye,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Yue Cui","doi":"10.34133/2022/9870637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9870637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with a high blood glucose level, leading to both seriously acute and chronic complications. The closed-loop system is an ideal system for diabetes management. However, the large size and high cost of the commercial systems restrict their widespread uses. Here, we present for the first time a microtube-based wearable closed-loop minisystem for diabetes management. The closed-loop minisystem includes a biosensing device, an electroosmotic micropump, and a printed circuit board (PCB) with an algorithm. The microtube-based sensing device coated on the outer surface of the microtube is inserted into subcutaneous tissue for detecting interstitial glucose; the current signal for sensing glucose is processed by the PCB to power the electroosmotic micropump intelligently for the delivery of insulin into the subcutaneous tissue via the microtube channel. The closed-loop minisystem worn on a diabetic SD rat can successfully maintain its blood glucose level within a safe level. It is expected that this new closed-loop paradigm could open up new prospects for clinical diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9870637"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9639446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40455148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Transcatheter or Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defect using Interpretable Deep Keypoint Stadiometry.","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;Wanqing Xie,&nbsp;Mingmei Cheng,&nbsp;Qun Wu,&nbsp;Fangyun Wang,&nbsp;Pei Li,&nbsp;Bo Fan,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Binbin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu","doi":"10.34133/2022/9790653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9790653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automated echocardiogram interpretation with artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to facilitate the serial diagnosis of heart defects by primary clinician. However, the fully automated and interpretable analysis pipeline for suggesting a treatment plan is largely underexplored. The present study targets to build an automatic and interpretable assistant for the transthoracic echocardiogram- (TTE-) based assessment of atrial septal defect (ASD) with deep learning (DL). We developed a novel deep keypoint stadiometry (DKS) model, which learns to precisely localize the keypoints, i.e., the endpoints of defects and followed by the absolute distance measurement with the scale. The closure plan and the size of the ASD occluder for transcatheter closure are derived based on the explicit clinical decision rules. A total of 3,474 2D and Doppler TTE from 579 patients were retrospectively collected from two clinical groups. The accuracy of closure classification using DKS (0.9425 ± 0.0052) outperforms the \"black-box\" model (0.7646 ± 0.0068; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) for within-center evaluation. The results in cross-center cases or using the quadratic weighted kappa as an evaluation metric are consistent. The fine-grained keypoint label provides more explicit supervision for network training. While DKS can be fully automated, clinicians can intervene and edit at different steps of the process as well. Our deep learning keypoint localization can provide an automatic and transparent way for assessing size-sensitive congenital heart defects, which has huge potential value for application in primary medical institutions in China. Also, more size-sensitive treatment planning tasks may be explored in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9790653"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AI-Based Curling Game System for Winter Olympics.","authors":"Xuanke Shi,&nbsp;Quan Wang,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Longshu Zheng,&nbsp;Chen Qian,&nbsp;Wei Tang","doi":"10.34133/2022/9805054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9805054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The real-time application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in sports is a long-standing challenge owing to large spatial sports field, complexity, and uncertainty of real-world environment, etc. Although some AI-based systems have been applied to sporting events such as tennis, basketball, and football, they are replayed after the game rather than applied in real time. Here, we present an AI-based curling game system, termed CurlingHunter, which can display actual trajectories, predicted trajectories, and house regions of curling during the games via a giant screen in curling stadiums and a live streaming media platform on the internet in real time, so as to assist the game, improve the interest of watching game, help athletes train, etc. We provide a complete description of CurlingHunter' architecture and a thorough evaluation of its performances and demonstrate that CurlingHunter possesses remarkable real-time performance (~9.005 ms), high accuracy (30 ± 3 cm under measurement distance > 20 m), and good stability. CurlingHunter is the first, to the best of our knowledge, real-time system that can assist athletes to compete during the games in the history of sports and has been successfully applied in Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics. Our work highlights the potential of AI-based systems for real-time applications in sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9805054"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9639444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40455147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise Design and Deliberate Tuning of Turn-On Fluorescence in Tetraphenylpyrazine-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks.","authors":"He-Qi Zheng,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Mengting Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xiao,&nbsp;Yu Yang,&nbsp;Yuanjing Cui,&nbsp;Guodong Qian","doi":"10.34133/2022/9869510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9869510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The manipulation on turn-on fluorescence in solid state materials attracts increasing interests owing to their widespread applications. Herein we report how the nonradiative pathways of tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP) units in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) systems could be hindered through a topological design approach. Two MOFs single crystals of different topology were constructed via the solvothermal reaction of a TPP-based 4,4',4^″,4^‴-(pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayl) tetrabenzoic acid (H₄TCPP) ligand and metal cations, and their mechanisms of formation have been explored. Compared with the innate low-frequency vibrational modes of flu net Tb-TCPP-1, such as phenyl ring torsions and pyrazine twists, Tb-TCPP-2 adopts a shp net, so the dihedral angle of pyrazine ring and phenyl arms is larger, and the center pyrazine ring in TPP unit is coplanar, which hinders the radiationless decay of TPP moieties in Tb-TCPP-2. Thereby Tb-TCPP-2 exhibits a larger blue-shifted fluorescence and a higher fluorescence quantum yield than Tb-TCPP-1, which is consistent with the reduced nonradiative pathways. Furthermore, Density functional theory (DFT) studies also confirmed aforementioned tunable turn-on fluorescence mechanism. Our work constructed TPP-type MOFs based on a deliberately topological design approach, and the precise design of turn-on fluorescence holds promise as a strategy for controlling nonradiative pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9869510"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Christmas Tree-Shaped Microneedles as FOLFIRINOX Spatiotemporal Delivery System for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Danqing Huang,&nbsp;Xiao Fu,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.34133/2022/9809417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9809417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an effective combination chemotherapy, FOLFIRINOX regimen (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) has shown definite antitumor efficacy for treating pancreatic cancer (PC) nowadays. However, the traditional systematic administration of these chemotherapeutics limits the drug targeting and causes unwanted effects. Herein, we present a novel Christmas tree-shaped adhesive microneedle (MN) patch coloading fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin simultaneously to realize spatiotemporal FOLFIRINOX therapy in situ. Such MN patch was fabricated by using a layer-by-layer mold replication method, in which oxaliplatin and leucovorin are encapsulated in the top MNs, while irinotecan and fluorouracil are encapsulated in the bottom MNs. The multilayer structure imparts the MNs with enhanced adhesive ability and spatiotemporal drug release property, contributing to the antitumor effect on PC organoid models. Therefore, our Christmas tree-shaped MN patch represents an innovative approach for spatiotemporal multiple-drug delivering and realizes the combination chemotherapy for PC in a single platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":520765,"journal":{"name":"Research (Washington, D.C.)","volume":" ","pages":"9809417"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}