JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gut colonization in preterm infants supplemented with bovine colostrum in the first week of life: An explorative pilot study.","authors":"Ping-Ping Jiang,&nbsp;Tik Muk,&nbsp;Lukasz Krych,&nbsp;Dennis Sandris Nielsen,&nbsp;Bekzod Khakimov,&nbsp;Yanqi Li,&nbsp;Sandra Meinich Juhl,&nbsp;Gorm Greisen,&nbsp;Per Torp Sangild","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. This pilot trial tests whether the supplement type, BC or donor human milk (DM), affects gut colonization in preterm infants during the first week of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On day 7, fecal samples were collected from preterm infants (n = 24) fed BC or DM as a supplement to MM. The gut microbiome (GM) was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Correlations between the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa and blood chemistry variables, including amino acids, were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BC-supplemented infants showed a lower relative abundance of the families Lactobacillaceae and Enterococcaceae than DM infants. Planococcaceae were more abundant in infants delivered by cesarean birth vs vaginally. The relative abundance of bacterial families, specifically Enterobacteriaceae, correlated negatively with plasma levels of multiple essential and nonessential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, and arginine).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nature of nutrition supplements (BC or DM) just after birth may affect GM development and nutrient metabolism in the neonatal period of preterm infants. The exploratory nature of our study calls for confirmation of these results and their possible long-term clinical implications for preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"592-599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38982470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial development and validation of a novel nutrition risk, sarcopenia, and frailty assessment tool in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: The NUTRIC-SF score.","authors":"Zheng-Yii Lee,&nbsp;M Shahnaz Hasan,&nbsp;Andrew G Day,&nbsp;Ching Choe Ng,&nbsp;Su Ping Ong,&nbsp;Cindy Sing Ling Yap,&nbsp;Julia Patrick Engkasan,&nbsp;Mohd Yusof Barakatun-Nisak,&nbsp;Daren K Heyland","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrition risk, sarcopenia, and frailty are interrelated. They may be due to suboptimal or prevented by optimal nutrition intake. The combination of nutrition risk (modified nutrition risk in the critically ill [mNUTRIC]), sarcopenia (SARC-F combined with calf circumference [SARC-CALF]), and frailty (clinical frailty scale [CFS]) in a single score may better predict adverse outcomes and prioritize resources for optimal nutrition in the intensive care unit (ICU) METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a single-center prospective observational study that enrolled mechanically ventilated adults with expected ≥96 h of ICU stay. SARC-F and CFS questionnaires were administered to patient's next-of-kin and mNUTRIC were calculated. Right calf circumference was measured. Nutrition data were collected from nursing record. The high-risk scores (mNUTRIC ≥ 5, SARC-CALF > 10, or CFS ≥ 4) of these variables were combined to become the nutrition risk, sarcopenia, and frailty (NUTRIC-SF) score (range: 0-3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-eight patients were analyzed. Increasing mNUTRIC was independently associated with 60-day mortality, whereas increasing SARC-CALF and CFS showed a strong trend towards a higher 60-day mortality. Discriminative ability of NUTRIC-SF for 60-day mortality is better than its component (C-statistics, 0.722; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.677-0.868). Every increment of 300 kcal/day and 30 g/day is associated with a trend towards higher rate of discharge alive for high (≥2; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.453 [95% CI, 0.991-2.130] for energy; 1.503 [0.936-2.413] for protein) but not low (<2) NUTRIC-SF score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NUTRIC-SF may be a clinically relevant risk stratification tool in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"499-507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39007824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oral probiotics administration on the expression of transforming growth factor β and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6, interleukin 17, and tumor necrosis factor α in skin wounds in rats.","authors":"Eliane Tagliari,&nbsp;Letícia Fuganti Campos,&nbsp;Thais Andrade Costa Casagrande,&nbsp;Taise Fuchs,&nbsp;Lúcia de Noronha,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos L Campos","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytokines and growth factors play key roles during the tissue repair process. We aim to evaluate the effect of perioperative oral of probiotics, on the healing process in skin wound in rats, by histological aspects, and by the expression of TGF-β, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL7, and TNF-α.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>72 adult male Wistar rats were split into two groups control (n = 36) and probiotic group (n = 36). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups with 12 animals each according to euthanasia day: 3rd, 7th, and 10th postoperative(PO) day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wound contraction was faster with the use of probiotics (p = .013). Also fibrosis was significantly higher in the Probiotic group in the 7th PO day (p = .028). In the probiotic group, there was a reduction of TNF-α at 3th PO day (p = .023); and a reduction of IL6 in 7th PO day (p = .030). There was also a reduction of the expression of IL-17 in 3rd PO day (p = .039) and 7rd PO day (P = .024). In contrast, TGF-β was lower in the 10th PO day (p = .031) in the probiotic group as compared to controls, indicating that the increase of the fibrosis caused negative feedback with the TGF-β.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics are associated with a shorter inflammatory phase by attenuating the expression of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and accelerating the reduction of IL-17 and TGF-β, leading to faster and improved cutaneous healing in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"721-729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39109739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a targeted volume-increase nutrition guideline on growth and body mass index in premature infants: A retrospective review.","authors":"Stephanie S Philip,&nbsp;Sarah E Davenport,&nbsp;Javed Mannan,&nbsp;Heather O White,&nbsp;Austin F Lee,&nbsp;Lawrence M Rhein","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The negative impact of disproportionate growth in premature infants is well documented, but optimal nutrition practices needed to prevent an unhealthy body mass index (BMI) remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An evidence-based, volume-increase guideline that advanced feeding volumes from 150-160 to 170-180 ml/kg/day between the postmenstrual age (PMA) of 31 0/7 and 34 0/7 weeks was implemented in October 2017 for infants born at ≤32 0/7 weeks' gestational age. Data were collected on 262 infants' weight and length at birth and at discharge for 20 months before and 21 months after guideline implementation, and retrospective analysis was conducted to determine disproportionate growth by comparing BMIs (in g/cm² ) at birth and at discharge. Changes in infants' body habitus were determined through bivariate analysis of weight and length z-scores from the Fenton growth curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implementation of a targeted volume nutrition guideline resulted in fewer infants with growth failure, defined as weight <10th percentile (19.5% vs 11.2%; P = .06) at discharge. Infants who received treatment according to the targeted nutrition guideline had a statistically significant reduction in disproportionately low BMI (8.6% vs 2.5%; P = .0380) and an increase in disproportionately high BMIs (4.3% vs 12.3%; P = .025). There was minor change in the percentage of disproportionately large infants who received the guidelines from birth to discharge (11.5% vs 12.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A targeted volume-increase nutrition guideline may prevent growth failure, with some effects on disproportionate growth in preterm infants born at ≤32 0/7 weeks' gestational age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"561-571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39084581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed analysis of in-hospital costs for adult patients with type III intestinal failure: A single-center study with global implications.","authors":"Adrian H Y Siu,&nbsp;Sharon Carey,&nbsp;Lynn Jones,&nbsp;Rachael L Morton,&nbsp;Cherry E Koh","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is the recommended treatment for patients with type III intestinal failure (IF). However, owing to IF's rarity, the economic cost of managing these patients is not well understood. These patients often develop complications resulting in readmissions, which in turn contribute to ongoing costs. This study aims to document the costs of type III IF within the hospital, from initial admission, including readmissions, and to compare incurred costs with current government reimbursement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study design reviewed costs and reimbursement for 25 consecutive patients commencing HPN at a quaternary hospital (October 2011 to September 2017). Hospital admissions were separated into the initial admission and readmission(s) period. Healthcare use and cost data were collected using electronic medical records. Hospital reimbursement costs were retrieved from Sydney Local Health District's Targeted Activity and Reporting Systems. Patient demographics were tabulated, and healthcare use and cost data were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median cost of the initial hospital admission was substantially higher than the median reimbursement ($36,675; interquartile range [IQR], $23,196-$67,439 vs $19,247; IQR, $7485-$41,090; P < .001). Similar results were observed in the readmissions period, with median incurred costs of $13,898; (IQR, $11,151-$32,130) vs reimbursement of $8469 (IQR, $5625-$13,078) (P = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate that type III IF patients have high inpatient costs, which substantially outweigh current reimbursement. Improved funding models are needed to ensure hospitals that accept the management challenge of type III IF patients are not unduly penalized.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"685-692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38934027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients by sequential feeding: A pilot study.","authors":"Bo Yao,&nbsp;Jian-Yu Liu,&nbsp;Shi-Xia Cai,&nbsp;Wan-Jun Zhao,&nbsp;Jin-Yan Xing","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sequential feeding (SF) is a new feeding mode for critically ill patients that involves a combination of continuous feeding (CF) in the beginning, rhythmic feeding in the second stage, and oral feeding in the last stage. In this study, we investigated the influence of SF on gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool specimens from 20 patients (10 patients with the SF group, 10 patients with the CF group) were collected for full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of patients with low bacterial diversity (Shannon index < 4) in the SF group was much lower than that in the CF group, but there was no significant difference in the proportions (20% vs 50%, P = .350). The abundances of Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels), Pseudomonadaceae/Pseudomonas (at the family and genus levels), and Fusobacteria/Fusobacteriaceae/Fusobacteriales/Fusobacteria/Fusobacterium (at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels) were all higher in the SF group than in the CF group. Actinobacteria/Actinobacteria (at the phylum and class levels) were the most influential of these gut flora. Retinoic acid and leucine were upregulated in the SF group and were respectively responsible for the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production and the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the enriched pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SF could alter gut microbiota and metabolomics in critically ill patients. Because of the small sample size, further study is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"538-545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39023632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to peptide-based diet improved enteral nutrition tolerance and decreased healthcare utilization in pediatric home enteral nutrition.","authors":"Osman Mohamed Elfadil,&nbsp;Dana B Steien,&nbsp;Ramya Narasimhan,&nbsp;Saketh R Velapati,&nbsp;Lisa Epp,&nbsp;Ishani Patel,&nbsp;Jalpan Patel,&nbsp;Ryan T Hurt,&nbsp;Manpreet S Mundi","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Home enteral nutrition (HEN) use continues to increase in children unable to meet nutritional needs through oral intake. Some patients do not tolerate standard polymeric formula (SPF), which may lead to malnutrition. Use of peptide-based diet (PBD) has demonstrated benefits in adults, however there remains a paucity of data in pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of medical records of children receiving HEN between October 2015 and October 2019 was conducted. Nutrition, tolerance, and healthcare utilization was tracked through May 2020. Children receiving PBD as initial formula or transitioned to PBD from SPF were included. Our objective was to assess gastrointestinal tolerance and impact on healthcare utilization in children receiving PBD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During study period, 30 children (mean age, 9 ± 5.44 years; 20 of 30 [66.7%] male) utilized PBDs. Twenty-one patients started PBD directly with malnutrition as primary indication. Nine patients transitioned from SPF to PBD, most often due to intolerance of SPF (66%). After transition to PBD, no symptoms were reported in 6 of 9 (66.7%) patients, and symptoms of SPF intolerance resolved in 4 of 9 (44.5%) patients. Healthcare utilization declined significantly after transition to PBD, including mean numbers of emergency room visits (0.78 ± 1.09 to 0.11 ± 0.33; P = .025), provider visits (1.67 ± 1.32 to 0.56 ± 0.73; P = .007), and phone calls (1.22 ± 1.39 to 0.33 ± 0.50; P = .026).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PBD is well tolerated and can result in significant reduction in healthcare utilization in children intolerant to SPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"626-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39247658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition competencies for undergraduate medical education: Results of an international interdisciplinary consensus.","authors":"Diana Cardenas,&nbsp;Gustavo Díaz,&nbsp;Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Gonzalez,&nbsp;Fernando Carrasco,&nbsp;Angélica María Pérez Cano,&nbsp;Charles Bermúdez,&nbsp;Claudia Maza,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferraresi,&nbsp;Fernando Lipovestky,&nbsp;Haydee Villafana,&nbsp;Humberto Arenas-Márquez,&nbsp;Isabel Calvo,&nbsp;Ludwig Roberto Alvarez Cordova,&nbsp;Marisa Canicoba,&nbsp;Paola Sánchez,&nbsp;Sergio Santana,&nbsp;Serrana Tihista,&nbsp;Gertrudis M Adrianza de Baptista,&nbsp;Yawelida Garcia,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2203","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The gap between the nutrition education provided to medical students and the nutritional competencies and attitudes needed for physicians to provide adequate nutritional care is a global concern. There is no universally accepted benchmark on nutrition competencies for doctors. The objective of this study was to establish, by expert consensus, the objectives of undergraduate nutrition medial education, the nutrition core competencies, and strategies for curriculum development in medical nutrition education. METHODS We administered a Delphi survey to systematically gather the opinion of a panel of Latin-American experts in nutrition. The survey questionnaire was constructed considering scientific literature using a five-point Linkert scale. Consensus was defined as a higher than 70% agreement on the importance of an item (Likert scale 4 and 5). RESULTS A four-round Delphi survey was conducted for this research. In the second, third and fourth rounds, we validated by consensus a total of 130 competences, which were distributed into four different thematic areas: 1) Basic nutrition concepts, 2) Public nutrition and nutritional prevention throughout the life cycle, 3) Nutritional status and disease, and 4) Nutritional care process. CONCLUSION The curricula for general physician education in medical school must include health promotion, prevention, and treatment of diseases related to nutrition. This goal can be reached by integrating at least 130 competencies into four different fundamental areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"635-645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39104412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High particle counts in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions with added cysteine: Relationship to crystal formation and effect of filtration on cysteine content.","authors":"Robert K Huston,&nbsp;John Mark Christensen,&nbsp;Sumeia M Mohamed,&nbsp;Leah Minc,&nbsp;Teresa Sawyer,&nbsp;Kim N Stout,&nbsp;Carl F Heisel","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parenteral nutrition(PN) solutions containing calcium gluconate and cysteine have elevated particle counts when analyzed using laser light obscuration (LO) as recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia. It is unclear whether increased particle formation in these solutions results in decreased availability of cysteine to neonatal patients due to filtration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to measure cysteine concentrations in neonatal PN solutions before and after filtration as well as analyze precipitates on filters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Solutions of PN containing amino acids with and without cysteine that were compounded with calcium chloride or calcium gluconate plus potassium phosphate were analyzed using LO. Concentrations of cysteine were measured before and after filtration. The effect on particle formation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄ ) and D70 was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple additives including the specific calcium or D70 additive, cysteine, and MgSO₄ influenced particle formation of particles detected using LO. There was no significant decrease in cysteine concentration because of filtering and there was no difference in the amount of calcium on filters of various solutions after filtration regardless of LO particle counts. Scanning electron micrographic (SEM) analysis found no significant differences in crystal composition. Light microscopic and SEM examination did not show evidence of high particle counts on filters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increased particle counts detected in neonatal PN solutions containing cysteine added at the time of compounding does not appear to result in increased precipitate or crystal formation. It is not associated witha decrease in cysteine delivery to patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"583-591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jpen.2218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39060776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of continuous or intermittent enteral nutrition in patients in the intensive care unit: Systematic review of clinical evidence.","authors":"Francesco De Lazzaro, Francesco Alessandri, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Federico Bilotta, Francesco Pugliese","doi":"10.1002/jpen.2316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.2316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The best mode of delivering enteral nutrition (EN) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is still debated: several consensus guidelines (American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition [ASPEN] and the European Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition [ESPEN]) suggest that EN in ICU should be preferably delivered continuously rather intermittently, but some authors highlight that the first is unphysiological. The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to summarize available clinical evidence related to safety and efficacy of continuous EN (C-EN) or intermittent EN (I-EN) in patients in the ICU, in relation to appropriated supply on nutrition status, gastrointestinal symptoms or tolerance, and risks on respiratory tract infections. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed comparing C-EN vs I-EN, and 4196 published studies were screened. Nineteen studies were selected for this SR reporting types of ICU, nutrition protocols, and study period. Effects of C-EN vs I-EN were presented according to the impact on nutrition status, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. The contrasting results confirmed that the optimal delivering mode of EN remains controversial. Future studies dedicated to identifying the benefits and limitations of C-EN or I-EN should be realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":520701,"journal":{"name":"JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"486-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39872967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}