Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA最新文献

{"title":"Drone-supported medication delivery as a rural pharmacy access strategy: A scoping review of logistics, regulation, and pharmacist integration.","authors":"Nandini Manne, Alberto Coustasse, Craig Kimble, David Simonton, Thomas Pile","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rural and socially vulnerable communities often face medication access barriers driven by distance, limited transportation, terrain, weather, and gaps in local delivery infrastructure. Drone-supported delivery has been proposed as a way to move medications and health supplies to hard-to-reach areas, but its role within pharmacist-supervised care remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review examined evidence on drone-supported medication and health supply delivery in relation to rural access, implementation feasibility, regulation, and pharmacy practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for sources published from January 2010 through April 2026. Grey literature from government agencies, regulatory organizations, professional groups, and health systems was also reviewed. Eligible sources addressed drone or unmanned aerial vehicle delivery of medications or health-related supplies, or implementation issues relevant to drone-enabled health care delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original search yielded 31 evidence sources. A targeted revision-stage check for pertinent literature published by the April 30, 2026 cutoff identified two additional eligible peer-reviewed studies yielding 33 evidence sources: 17 drone-specific and 16 contextual. Five additional references supported review reporting or conceptual framing and were not counted as evidence sources. Drone-specific evidence primarily addressed operational feasibility, delivery reach, route performance, delivery time, logistics, user acceptance, and regulatory considerations. Evidence evaluating medication adherence, pharmacist counseling workflows, clinical outcomes, patient experience, cost-effectiveness, sustainability, or equity impact remained limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drone-supported delivery is best understood as an emerging logistics adjunct rather than an independent pharmacy care model. Current evidence supports technical feasibility in selected settings but does not establish clinical, economic, or equity impact. Future studies should evaluate drone delivery within pharmacist-supervised workflows that include verification, patient identification, counseling, documentation, medication security, temperature management, and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive analysis of pharmacy closures and openings in the United States from 2022-2024.","authors":"Bella Blankenship, E Michael Murphy, Jennifer Rodis, Jill Patel, Melissa Wilmer, Lucas Berenbrok","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacies play a critical role in the U.S. healthcare system. As the reimbursement of dispensing prescriptions has diminished with subsequent community pharmacy business closures, concerns have been raised about declining pharmacy access. Recent studies have highlighted the increasing trend of pharmacy closures, disproportionately affecting independent pharmacies and communities with historically limited healthcare access.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to fill a gap in published literature by providing a comprehensive, descriptive analysis of community pharmacy openings and closures across the U.S. between 2022 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized community pharmacy opening and closure data sourced from the National Council of Prescription Drug Programs' (NCPDP) dataQ dataset to perform a descriptive analysis of pharmacy openings and closures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 4,178 pharmacies in the United States opened between 2022 and 2024, while 7,240 closed. Of these closures, the average length of time the business was in operation prior to closing was 18 years and 8.8 months. During the 2022-2024 study period, analysis shows that after accounting for pharmacy openings, a net loss of 3,062 pharmacies occurred (7,240 closures vs. 4,178 openings). A net loss of 382 independent/franchise pharmacies occurred (3,839 closures vs. 3,457 openings), and a net loss of 2,680 chain stores occurred (3,401 closures vs. 721 openings) during the same period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacy openings and closures reflect the evolving landscape of pharmacy access and build upon current understanding of the complex issues which threaten the sustainability of community pharmacy access in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Care in Reducing the Incidence of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis in Patients with NSCLC: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Caiyin Luo, Yangping Lai, Wenhao Zhang, Huilin Lu, Hongying Luo, Li Wei, Xinqing Lin, Chengzhi Zhou, Yuwen He","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) remains a potentially life-threatening adverse event that may be mitigated through structured pharmaceutical care interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of pharmacy services in reducing the occurrence of CIP among patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent immunotherapy at our hospital between November, 2023 to September, 2024 were selected and randomized into the control and intervention groups (105 patients each). Intervention group received 6 months of pharmacy services, and CIP occurrence, clinical efficacy, medication adherence, and quality of life at 3, 6, and 9 months were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significantly lower CIP incidence and immunotherapy suspension rate due to CIP (2.9% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.043), as well as significantly improved medication adherence at all time points (P < 0.05). The intervention group also had lower CIP severity and longer onset time (8.6 months vs. 6.2 months), along with numerically higher ORR (40.6% vs. 30.3%) and DCR (81.2% vs. 71.7%), and a favorable trend in emotional function scores; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacy care can reduce the incidence and severity, and increase the onset time of CIP, thus enhancing drug safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping pharmacist roles across the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy care continuum: A scoping review.","authors":"Sunil Shrestha, Nabin Pathak, Ajaya Acharya, Shreya Dhungana, Sanjeev Sharma Kattel, Santusta Adhikari, Simit Sapkota","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103546","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents a transformative but operationally demanding treatment modality, requiring rigorous coordination across clinical, regulatory, and logistical domains. While pharmacists are widely acknowledged as integral members of CAR-T programs, the full breadth and impact of their contributions have not been systematically characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, with the protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Multiple electronic databases were searched, with an initial search conducted to July 2025 and an updated search subsequently extending coverage through 2026. Eligible sources included original studies, narrative reviews, practice guidelines, consensus documents, commentaries, book chapters, and conference proceedings describing pharmacist involvement in CAR-T therapy. Data were extracted using a standardized charting form and synthesized descriptively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifteen sources out of 859 studies published between 2020 and 2026 were included. The evidence base was heterogeneous and predominantly descriptive, comprising narrative reviews, expert commentaries, guidance and consensus documents, original observational or process evaluation studies, a book chapter, and a conceptual framework. Pharmacists were reported to contribute across the entire CAR-T care pathway, encompassing program development and governance, electronic prescribing systems, medication management, product ordering and chain-of-identity traceability, supportive care and toxicity preparedness, patient education, pharmacovigilance, regulatory and financial stewardship, and quality improvement initiatives. Observational evidence indicated that pharmacist-led process interventions may reduce system-level safety risks, particularly within medication-use processes and identity traceability, and may contribute to shorter treatment timelines and expanded outpatient continuity of care. However, standardized clinical and economic outcome data remained limited across the included literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Pharmacists fulfilled a critical, multifaceted role in the safe, effective delivery of CAR-T therapy, consistently acting as stewards of medication safety, product traceability, and regulatory compliance. The current evidence base, while informative, lacks prospective and comparative studies evaluating pharmacist-specific interventions against standard care. Future research should prioritize the development of standardized role definitions and the robust measurement of clinical, operational, and economic outcomes as CAR-T therapy continues to expand into broader ","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hispanic pharmacy students' perspectives on institutional policies requiring certified Spanish interpreters: A qualitative study.","authors":"Paul Gavaza, Emely Familia","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite increasing reliance on interpreter services, little is known about how bilingual pharmacy trainees experience interpreter-only policies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored Hispanic pharmacy students' experiences and perspectives regarding institutional policies that require the exclusive use of certified interpreters when communicating with Spanish-speaking patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with Hispanic pharmacy students who self-identified as native Spanish speakers. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling at a U.S. school of pharmacy. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis with constant comparison until thematic saturation was achieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten pharmacy students most of whom were in third-year of pharmacy school (70.0%) participated. Eight themes emerged: (1) language concordance as relational and culturally situated care; (2) interpreter use as both a safety tool and a barrier to natural communication; (3) workflow and efficiency costs of interpreter-mediated encounters; (4) certification requirements perceived as structurally misaligned with native proficiency; (5) bilingual identity, professional fulfillment, and moral distress; (6) cultural brokerage beyond literal interpretation; (7) perceived hierarchies of language authority and interpreter policies as hidden curriculum; and (8) proposed pathways toward equity-informed policy reform. Participants described language concordance as central to trust, engagement, and culturally responsive care, while interpreter-only policies were perceived as introducing workflow challenges and limiting professional agency for bilingual students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hispanic pharmacy students who are native Spanish speakers viewed language concordance as integral to equitable, patient-centered pharmacy practice. Although certified interpreters remain critical for patient safety, rigid interpreter-only policies may unintentionally constrain communication quality, workflow efficiency, and professional identity development when bilingual providers are available. Pharmacy educators and health systems should consider competency-informed, equity-focused approaches that better integrate bilingual skills into pharmacy education and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the ability of cross-trained pharmacy technician-community health workers to identify non-medical drivers of health resources.","authors":"Lindsey M Rayborn, Emily Gravlee, Meagen Rosenthal, John A Galdo, Meagan Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacies are increasingly attempting to address non-medical drivers of health (NMDoH) by screening patients for health-related social needs (HRSNs). Cross-training pharmacy technicians as community health workers (PhT-CHWs) may expand pharmacies' capacity to provide these services, but little is known about the community resources identified by PhT-CHWs during training or their associated Z-codes. Characterizing these resources may inform implementation of pharmacy-based community resource referral services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the NMDoH resources identified by PhTs who completed CHW training and the Z-codes assigned to those resources to characterize the community resource infrastructure available to support pharmacy-based CHW services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed resource development assignments completed by PhTs enrolled in a nationally recognized CHW training program between 2021 and 2022. Data included community resource information and learner-assigned ICD-10-CM Z-codes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize resource characteristics and Z-code assignments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 297 PhT-CHWs from 182 community pharmacies completed the training and identified 4,480 community resources. Most resources had a physical location (n = 4,405; 98.3%), while 65 (1.5%) were online only and 10 (0.2%) were telephone-only. Community resources were assigned 12,538 Z-codes, with an average of 3.13 Z-codes (range: 1-11; median: 2; IQR: 1-4) per resource. The most frequently assigned Z-code categories related to housing and economic circumstances, food insecurity, insurance and welfare support, and education and literacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PhTs who completed CHW training identified a broad range of community resources that address diverse HRSNs. These findings provide foundational information on the community resource infrastructure that may support implementation of pharmacy-based CHW services and community resource referral workflows. Future research should evaluate how these resource inventories are integrated into pharmacy practice and their impact on patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and factor analysis of a buprenorphine attitudes scale: Association with attitudes and dispensing practices among community pharmacists in Puerto Rico.","authors":"Dennis A Rodríguez, Swan M Sánchez, Carolina Dasta, Darlene Santiago","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacist attitudes toward medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) have been associated with refusal to dispense buprenorphine in mainland U.S. populations, but no contemporary study had characterized these attitudes among pharmacists in Puerto Rico OBJECTIVES: To adapt and conduct the first formal psychometric evaluation of a buprenorphine attitudes scale in a Puerto Rico community pharmacist sample, and to examine the association between pharmacist attitudes and refusal to dispense buprenorphine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey adapted from Carpenter et al. was distributed to community pharmacists registered with the Colegio de Farmacéuticos de Puerto Rico between January and November 2025. The instrument included a seven-item buprenorphine attitudes scale adapted from Davenport et al. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 98 respondents with complete attitudes data. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between the attitudes composite and self-reported refusal to dispense, adjusting for pharmacy type, years of practice, and highest degree.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 community pharmacists completed the survey. Factor analysis supported a single-factor solution accounting for 49.5% of common variance; scale reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α 0.807; McDonald's ω 0.862). The item assessing concern about diversion and misuse loaded weakly (loading 0.302; communality 0.091) and was psychometrically distinct from the remaining six items. In adjusted analyses, more negative attitudes were the strongest predictor of dispensing refusal (adjusted OR 5.45 [95% CI 2.19-13.55], p < .001), an association that remained significant in a sensitivity analysis excluding the diversion item (adjusted OR 3.92 [95% CI 1.80-8.53], p < .001). Overall, 39 pharmacists (38.6%) reported ever refusing to dispense buprenorphine. Pharmacists were significantly more willing to dispense to familiar than unfamiliar patients (mean 4.11 vs. 3.34; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Buprenorphine attitudes are the primary modifiable predictor of dispensing refusal among Puerto Rico community pharmacists. The adapted attitudes scale is psychometrically sound, with concern about diversion identified as a distinct construct warranting separate treatment in future research and instrument development.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stewardship framework for incretin-based therapies in weight management.","authors":"Heather Pace, Stacy Lauderdale, Karen Gunning, Christopher Hvisdas, Bree Meinzer, Nicholas Messinger, Jordan Spillane, Emily Vrontos","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Use of incretin-based therapies, including GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists, for weight management and related cardio-kidney-liver-metabolic comorbidities has expanded rapidly, yet real-world practice is challenged by inconsistent prescribing, access barriers, limited long-term safety data, low treatment persistence, and concerns regarding equity and financial sustainability. These gaps highlight the need for a structured, coordinated stewardship model to guide safe and evidence-based use of incretin-based therapies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a scalable, multidisciplinary stewardship framework for incretin-based therapies that supports consistent and efficient prescribing practices, optimizes patient outcomes, strengthens medication access and safety monitoring, and defines the role of pharmacists in chronic weight management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two sequential expert workgroups were convened, composed of clinicians and pharmacy leaders from 21 health systems. Workgroup 1 identified foundational stewardship elements drawing from established antimicrobial and opioid stewardship models. Workgroup 2 applied these core principles to incretin-based therapies, informed by real-world challenges, emerging evidence, and clinical experience in weight and diabetes management. Consensus was established using a Delphi process, with ≥60% agreement required for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Workgroups reached consensus on a stewardship framework comprising multidisciplinary leadership, stakeholder engagement, pharmacy expertise, defined priorities, evidence-based interventions, education, data and reporting strategies, communication pathways, and mechanisms for feedback and continuous assessment. In addition, consensus-based pharmacist-led initiatives and metric categories were developed to support implementation and program evaluation across varied ambulatory environments, with pharmacists identified as central to therapy initiation and titration, adverse effect management, access navigation, patient education, and care coordination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A structured stewardship model offers a feasible and scalable approach to optimize incretin-based therapies in weight management. By integrating multidisciplinary collaboration with pharmacy expertise and clinical and operational strategies, health systems can promote safe, equitable, and sustainable use of these therapies, improve population-level outcomes, and safeguard long-term value amid rapidly expanding utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient acceptability of and satisfaction with enhanced patient care services within a clinically integrated network of community pharmacies.","authors":"Sophia M C Herbert, Laura L DeMarse, Kayleigh Walker, Evan Rabinowitz, Brandon M Herbert, Kim C Coley, Margie E Snyder","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CPESN USA is a clinically integrated network (CIN) through which pharmacies provide enhanced services. While it is known that these services benefit patients, no studies have quantified patient acceptability of these services, or general patient satisfaction with pharmacies in a CIN.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are to assess patient: 1) acceptability of enhanced services received at pharmacies participating in payer programs within a CIN; and 2) satisfaction with their overall care experience at these pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Subjects were Medicaid beneficiaries who received enhanced pharmacy services from a random sample of CIN pharmacies in one state. Survey items were informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. The survey covered acceptability of nine enhanced services and general satisfaction through multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. The survey was deployed electronically from August-December 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize all data. Median composite acceptability scores (1 lowest, 5 highest) were calculated for each service. Content analysis of responses to open-ended survey items was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen pharmacies obtained 163 survey responses. The mean age of respondents was 46.9 years and the majority (80%) were White. Median acceptability scores for each of the nine services were 4.4 or greater. A total of 88% of respondents were very satisfied with their pharmacy. Open-ended item responses focused on the pharmacies' person-centered care, reliability, accessibility, and strong communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients reported high acceptability with enhanced patient care services and the majority were very satisfied with their overall care at CIN pharmacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a clinically integrated pharmacy network: Pennsylvania pharmacists care network.","authors":"Melissa Somma McGivney, Kelsey Hake, Sydney Salvati, Kim C Coley, Nick Leon, Stephanie McGrath","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2026.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacy practice is readily modernizing to a patient-centered model of care where implementation of patient care services, evolving business models, and a consistent approach to the way payment for services occurs is essential to long-term sustainability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the development, implementation, and growth of a community pharmacy clinically integrated network (CIN) for pharmacist-provided patient care services throughout Pennsylvania.</p><p><strong>Practice description: </strong>The Pennsylvania Pharmacists Care Network (PPCN) is an affiliated chapter of CPESN USA, a CIN providing nationwide support, infrastructure, and best practice alignment. PPCN's collaboration with colleges/schools of pharmacy, the state pharmacy association, CPESN USA and other key partners have been essential to network formation. Network pharmacies must meet a minimum set of patient care requirements including documentation of patient care services through an electronic care plan, using the Pharmacists eCare Plan (PeCP) standard.</p><p><strong>Practice innovation: </strong>PPCN partners with health payors in contracting patient care services on behalf of participating pharmacies. Payor contracts include fee-for-service and value-based care reimbursement structures. Regular communication with payor partners and network pharmacies help ensure quality and achievement of programmatic goals.</p><p><strong>Evaluation methods: </strong>Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patient care service PeCP data between September 2017 and December 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September 1, 2017, and December 31, 2025, pharmacists provided 198,626 patient encounters through seven payor programs. January 1, 2021, marked the launch of additional payor programs and the inclusion of data collection through a more comprehensive PeCP report. During this time, over 200 pharmacies and pharmacy teams engaged 25,371 unique patients through a payor program.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development and growth of PPCN has led to a steady volume of payor contracts for a wide variety of pharmacist-provided patient care services. Collaboration among different stakeholders is vital to network development, and payment mechanisms are essential to sustain and grow network services.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"103544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}