Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA最新文献

{"title":"Bridging knowledge gaps and misconceptions: Public perceptions of generic medicines in South Korea - A nationwide cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Hye Kyung Jin, EunYoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of generic medicines is increasing globally; however, few studies have examined public understanding and perceptions of generics in South Korea to date.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of the general public regarding generic medicines, as well as to identify the main factors associated with their attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationally representative, web-based survey of people across South Korea aged between 20 and 65 years was conducted in January 2025. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, including 33 closed-ended and two open-ended questions. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to compare groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with attitudes toward generics. Statistical analyses were performed using R, version 4.4.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,000 people were included (50.0% female; mean[SD] age, 45.3[11.7] years) in this study. While all participants reported being familiar with the term \"generic medicine,\" 40.3% demonstrated a low level of knowledge about it. The majority of survey participants (73.7%) expressed positive attitudes toward generic medicines; however, they continued to report concerns about their efficacy, safety, and quality. A statistically significant difference in the attitudes towards generic medicines was observed based on sex (p=0.007), age (p<0.001), insurance type (p=0.002), information source (p=0.009), and knowledge level (p<0.001). Results from the multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both knowledge of generic medicines (adjusted OR= 2.11, 95% CI; 1.781-2.500) and age (adjusted OR=1.01, 95% CI; 1.003-1.017) were significantly associated with positive attitudes toward their use. Providing adequate information and public education about generic medicines was recommended by 40.2% of participants to promote generic substitution. Furthermore, 80% of the participants expressed a high degree of trust in pharmacists regarding generic substitution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants with higher levels of knowledge were more likely to hold positive attitudes toward generic medicines; therefore, providing accurate and accessible information is essential to enhance patient acceptance. Furthermore, pharmacists may serve a pivotal role in promoting generic substitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a Community Health Worker Model to Address Health-Related Social Needs in a Community Pharmacy Network: A Pragmatic Evaluation.","authors":"Christopher J Daly, Durdana N Iqbal, En-Ling Chen, Jessica Anderson, Walter Gibson, Debanjan Paul, Quyen Nguyen, John Croce, Alec Gillies, Surrey M Walton, David M Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health-related social needs (HRSNs) significantly impact health outcomes, and community pharmacies present an opportunity to integrate HRSN screening and referral services. Embedding community health workers (CHWs) within pharmacies may enhance patient engagement and referral uptake, but evidence on program sustainability and economic viability remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate key implementation outcomes from statewide implementation of a pharmacy-based HRSN screening and referral program that cross-trained pharmacy staff as CHWs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pragmatic evaluation was conducted in 15 community pharmacies in New York State between January and December 2023. Pharmacy staff were cross-trained as CHWs to screen patients using a validated SDoH tool and facilitate referrals through a structured navigation platform. The primary outcome was referral uptake, defined as the proportion of submitted referrals successfully resolved. Secondary outcomes included program fidelity, program reach across urban and rural areas, and economic sustainability assessed using a time-driven activity-based costing framework, implementation framework, and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1034 participants screened, 708 social needs were identified, with food insecurity (24%), housing instability (16%), and transportation barriers (14%) most prevalent. Of 330 initiated referrals, 154 (47%) were successfully resolved with 64% of screenings conducted in rural regions. The total program cost was $107,107, with estimated annual cost savings of $745,101 yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 6.96 and a return on investment of 596%. Breakeven analysis indicated financial sustainability at varying levels of screening volume, depending on reimbursement rates. Financial viability remained robust under a range of cost and resolution rate assumptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cross-training CHWs within pharmacies to address HRSNs is effective and financially sustainable. The program successfully engaged participants across urban and rural areas and resulted in high referral resolution rates. Integrating HRSN programs into pharmacy workflow represents a viable and scalable approach given appropriate policy support and reimbursement mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Public Health Impact of the Rx-to-OTC Switch of Triptan in Germany: Systematic Review and Framework Analysis.","authors":"Candice Aphroditta Imanuel, Zeenah Atwan, Celine Tabche","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating condition in Germany, affecting 10-15% of the population. Triptans are the primary treatment for acute attacks. The switch of triptans from prescription (Rx) to over-the-counter (OTC) status in Germany aims to improve access and timely treatment. However, it also raises concerns regarding patient safety and misuse. The public health impact of the triptan Rx-to-OTC switch remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the public health implications of the Rx-to-OTC switch of triptans in Germany.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, sourcing data from databases such as Embase, Medline, and PubMed, as well as grey literature. Studies were selected based on relevance to the Rx-to-OTC switch of triptans and its public health impact in Germany. Data extraction and analysis were performed using Covidence and a public health impact framework adapted from the WHO, focusing on patient-relevant, healthcare system, and socio-economic aspects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified both public health benefits and risks of the Rx-to-OTC switch of triptans. The switch enhances safety for healthy adults but poses risks for high-risk individuals due to potential contraindications and adverse reactions. It positively impacts health-related quality of life by reducing symptoms, improving employment factors, and increasing access to treatment. The switch also improves quality of care by shifting healthcare delivery from physician-led to pharmacy-led and self-care, resulting in better access and care. In healthcare-related aspects, the switch benefits pharmacists by expanding their role but presents challenges for physicians. Socioeconomically, the switch leads to substantial cost savings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the Rx-to-OTC switch of triptans in Germany has a positive public health impact. It improves access, safety, quality of life, quality of care, pharmacists' roles, and socioeconomic benefit but poses risks for vulnerable groups and physicians' roles in the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of College Students' Access to Contraception in North Carolina.","authors":"Kaitlyn Queen, Kendall Heetderks, Casey Tak, Julie Feimster, Macary W Marciniak, Mollie Ashe Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unintended pregnancies in college-aged women can negatively impact well-being as well as educational and economic attainment. Despite this, availability of contraception is inconsistent on college and university campuses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine what barriers college students experience when accessing contraception.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>College students at two public universities in North Carolina were invited to participate in an online survey via flyers, emails, and social media posts. The survey assessed participant demographics and experiences obtaining contraceptives. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize demographics and chi-square or Fisher's Exact test, Student's T-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate, were used to compare responses between the two universities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>195 college students responded to the survey. Three out of four respondents reported that they were prescribed contraception by a healthcare professional off campus, and 79% remained on their parents' insurance. Eighteen percent of respondents reported difficulty obtaining contraception in the previous year and 26% had gone without birth control in the previous year. Barriers to contraception access included difficulties getting refills from providers, inconvenient hours of community pharmacies, transportation, cost, and social stigma. One in ten students reported paying out of pocket for contraception to avoid parental judgement. The most frequently used contraceptive method was the combined hormonal contraceptive pill followed by condoms. There were no clinically significant differences in experiences obtaining birth control between the two institutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>College-aged women experience challenges obtaining contraception, creating opportunities for birth control pharmacists to serve this population in states that authorize pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Immunosuppressants and Transplant Patient Management in Community Pharmacy.","authors":"Jean Chasseray, Elouan Demay, Cécile Vigneau, Camille Boissière, Astrid Bacle","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunosuppressive therapies are essential for transplant recipients and are increasingly prescribed in autoimmune and oncologic conditions. In France, community pharmacists are legally involved in Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) and medication counseling. However, their level of knowledge regarding immunosuppressive therapies remains poorly documented.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the knowledge of French pharmacy professionals-pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy students-regarding Immunosuppressive therapies, particularly in the context of transplant patient management. It also sought to identify gaps in counseling practices and educational needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 2022 to March 2023 using a 20-item online questionnaire. The survey was distributed nationally to community pharmacy professionals. Questions covered immunosuppressive therapy, patient education, lifestyle risks, and infectious precautions. Responses were weighted based on clinical importance, and group comparisons were performed using non-parametric statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 265 participants completed the survey (177 pharmacists, 50 students, 38 technicians). Pharmacists scored significantly higher than technicians (11.76 ± 6.2 vs. 8.00 ± 6.5; p = 0.004). Students showed intermediate scores with greater variability. Major knowledge gaps were observed regarding missed doses, food interactions, rejection signs, and self-medication risks. Only 22.6% identified self-medication as unsafe for transplant patients. Lifestyle and travel counseling practices were inconsistent across groups. TPE training was reported by 51.4% of pharmacists, 28% of students, and 5.3% of technicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed heterogeneous knowledge and counseling practices among pharmacy professionals regarding immunosuppressive therapies. These findings highlight the need for targeted education, integration of immunosuppressive topics into pharmacy curricula, and enhanced collaboration between hospital and community pharmacists to support safe and effective long-term care for immunosuppressed patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioids prescribed by pharmacist under the Health Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act temporary exemption.","authors":"Edward Chisholm, Ying Zhang, Mark Asbridge, Chiranjeev Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, Health Canada issued a temporary exemption for the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). Very little is known about pharmacists prescribing opioids under the CDSA temporary exemption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of CDSA subsection 56(1) temporary exemption on prescribing of opioids by direct patient care pharmacists during COVID-19 between February 1, 2018 to April 30, 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive statistics (sample mean, sample standard deviation, sample proportion) and data visualization tools were used to explore the possible changes due to CDSA. In the first stage, a linear regression model was fit to the data to detect the changes. Second, time dependence of the data was checked by examining the autocorrelation plots and testing dependence of the residuals, and then a suitable time series process was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean overall pharmacist-prescribed opioid weekly claims increased from 0.0 (per-CDSA policy period) to 57.0 (post-CDSA policy period). The time series regression for the mean level change for the overall prescription data was 36.29, 95% CI 27.14, 48.52, p <0.0001. The time series regression for the mean level change for the analgesic prescription data and the opioid use disorder prescription data was 28.95, 95% CI 20.88, 40.13, p <0.0001 and 6.74, 95% CI 5.80, 7.82, p <0.0001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The temporary exemption under the CDSA during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed pharmacists in Nova Scotia to prescribe opioids, ensuring continuity of opioid therapy for adults. Future studies are needed to investigate the reasons behind the low uptake of CDSA exemptions by pharmacists involved in direct patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist Roles Enhancing Substance Use Disorder Treatment Access, Continuation, and Education in a Problem-Solving Court.","authors":"Ekaterina Pivovarova, Peter D Friedmann, Joseph Sawicki, Jeffrey Bratberg","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Problem-solving courts (PSCs) are major diversionary programs in the United States (U.S.) criminal legal system, mandating substance use and mental health treatment as an alternative to incarceration. While they reduce recidivism, their impact on clinical outcomes remains uncertain. A significant challenge is ensuring participants have access to and remain in evidence-based medication treatments. Notable barriers to treatment engagement and retention include a lack of relationships between PSCs and community treatment providers, as well as pharmacotherapy expertise. A case study highlights the role of a clinical pharmacist in recovery courts. The pharmacist position was created to address a gap in substance use treatment expertise in recovery courts. The position was funded by a research grant and supplemented by the state court administrative office. The pharmacist role evolved into five categories, a liaison between recovery courts and providers; a medication consultant, educating and advising court staff on medications and toxicology test interpretation; court participant care, through medication reviews and adherence support; court educator, providing staff with up-to-date information on new treatments, contaminants, and practical medication considerations; and participant educator on similar issues. The case describes the value of integrating pharmacists in PSCs, enhancing treatment access, participant outcomes, and medication knowledge of court staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encouraging OTC Naloxone Accessibility Across the United States.","authors":"Declan M Folan, Lucas G Hill, Lucas A Berenbrok","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic access to community pharmacies based on walking, driving, and public transportation in the 10 most populated U.S. areas.","authors":"Nasser Sharareh, Shangbin Tang, Adam Bress, Walter S Mathis, Lucas A Berenbrok, Inmaculada Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous analyses measuring geographic access to community pharmacies (pharmacy access) have relied solely on driving distance or time, without considering other modes of transportation such as walking and public transportation. This omission represents an important limitation, particularly in metropolitan areas where other transportation modes are regularly used, which potentially can lead to the underestimation of inequities in pharmacy access.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether measuring pharmacy access based on driving underestimates inequities in access, given the fact that not everyone has access to a vehicle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used geographic information system analysis to measure pharmacy access. We selected the top 10 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with the largest population in the U.S. because of the feasibility and availability of different transportation modes in those areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that across the top 10 populated U.S. areas and based on a 20-minute travel time, pharmacy access will be overestimated for approximately 702,708 and 2,430,764 individuals if we consider driving as the transportation mode instead of walking and public transportation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that measures of pharmacy access derived solely from driving time will underestimate inequities in pharmacy access, specifically in areas with a low rate of private vehicle ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":520694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","volume":" ","pages":"102479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}