Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)最新文献

{"title":"Emissions from residential and commercial boilers: Alternative fuels and a modulating-condensing natural gas boiler.","authors":"Stephen Galvin, Thomas Butcher, Rebecca Trojanowski","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2657442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2026.2657442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, air pollutant emission factors have been developed for emerging fuels and technologies under representative cyclic operation in residential and commercial boilers. The cases explored include 20% biodiesel blends; 100% biodiesel; renewable diesel; and modulating-condensing (\"Mod-Con\") gas boilers with 100% utility natural gas and 20% hydrogen blends. Three appliances were evaluated: a residential retention-head liquid fuel-fired boiler with pressure atomization and a single firing rate; a residential Mod-Con boiler; and a commercial boiler with a two-stage pressure atomized liquid fuel burner. Measured pollutants included particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH₄), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Particulates were measured using EPA Methods 5 and 202 to capture filterable and condensable particulates supplemented by real-time PM instrumentation. Results are compared with prior work using conventional fuels and technologies as well as emission factors commonly used in inventories. Findings highlight the importance of burner on-off operation in driving pollutant emissions associated with incomplete combustion; this behavior is not well captured by current emission factors, which are based primarily on steady-state operation and much larger applications.<i>Implications</i>: Residential and commercial boilers contribute substantially to building-sector emissions, but existing emission factors often reflect steady-state operation of larger systems rather than cycling in smaller appliances. This study develops new emission factors for emerging fuels, including renewable diesel, biodiesel blends, and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, as well as a modern modulating, condensing gas boiler. Results show that burner cycling strongly affects incomplete-combustion pollutants and that condensable particulate matter can dominate total PM, especially in advanced gas systems. These findings support more realistic emissions inventories and regulatory assessments of fuel-switching and decarbonization strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":"76 8","pages":"625-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of reusable waste bag policy on vinyl waste generation in South Korea.","authors":"Seejeen Park","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2665368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2665368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, environmental policies aimed at reducing the use of plastic bags have received considerable attention. However, few studies have investigated whether these policies can effectively reduce vinyl waste generation over time. This study investigated the relationship between the number of retail stores selling reusable waste bags (RWB), their sales volume, and the amount of vinyl waste produced, using time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data from 25 local governments in Seoul, South Korea, from 2010 to 2023. Data were subjected to a panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) regression analysis. The findings of this study revealed that higher sales of RWBs resulted in increased vinyl waste generation, whereas the number of retail stores selling RWBs did not significantly impact vinyl waste generation. Overall, within the scope of this study, the implementation of RWBs did not fulfill the policy objective of reducing vinyl waste. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.<i>Implications</i>: The integration of reusable waste bags (RWBs) within South Korea's volume-based waste fee (VWF) system provides valuable insights for global strategies aimed at reducing vinyl and single-use plastic bag waste. This longitudinal analysis (2010-2023) across 25 Seoul local governments reveals a counterintuitive result: higher RWB sales volumes were positively associated with increased vinyl waste generation. Contrary to theoretical expectations and policy intent, the RWB policy did not achieve net reduction in vinyl waste and appears to have functioned more as a mandatory retail purchase than as a driver of genuine waste minimization. These findings offer a cautionary case for jurisdictions pursuing similar approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"697-708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of waste to energy ash in NOx abatement.","authors":"Kaitlyn Lawrence, Marco J Castaldi","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2664494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2026.2664494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigates the catalytic performance of unmodified waste-to-energy (WtE) ash for nitrogen oxides (NOx) abatement via selective catalytic reduction. NOx conversions up to 44% were measured in a simulated flue gas (2,600 ppm NO, 9,700 ppm CO, 1.8% H₂O). Pretreatment substantially enhanced NO conversion relative to the as-received ash, with H₂ pretreatment yielding up to 91% conversion. Characterization revealed a low surface area (17.8 m² g^-1), SiO₂-CaO-Al₂O₃ matrix, and trace Fe, Mn, and Cu. Temperature-programmed reduction and thermal analysis indicated redox-active, non-metallic species. Additional spectroscopic analysis indicates temperature-dependent evolution of surface species under reaction conditions, consistent with an oxygen-mediated redox contribution to NO reduction. However, the active intermediates and specific reaction pathway remain to be fully resolved. These findings demonstrate that WtE ash, an abundant industrial byproduct, can be repurposed as a low-cost, harsh-environment catalyst for NOx abatement.<i>Implications</i>: This study shows that municipal waste-to-energy ash can catalytically reduce NOx at temperatures relevant to real-world flue-gas conditions, offering a potential low-cost alternative to conventional SCR catalysts. Because the material is already generated at scale, its catalytic behavior presents a new opportunity for emissions control strategies that integrate waste-derived resources and support circular-economy objectives. These findings may inform future technology development, regulatory evaluations, and research into waste-based materials for air-pollution mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":"76 8","pages":"684-696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From data to disposal: The role of GIS in modern solid waste management.","authors":"Farhana Akter Jannat, Md Rakib Hasan Rony","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2659851","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2659851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating global solid waste crisis, with projections indicating that waste generation will reach 3.40 billion tons by 2050, necessitates innovative technological solutions to transform traditional waste management approaches. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have demonstrated exceptional potential as comprehensive decision-support tools for sustainable solid waste management across diverse urban and rural contexts. This systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on GIS applications throughout the waste management continuum, examining implementation strategies, technological innovations, and performance outcomes across multiple geographical regions. The research methodology encompasses an analysis of peer-reviewed literature focusing on integrating GIS in waste generation assessment, collection system optimization, transfer facility planning, disposal site selection, and environmental impact monitoring. Results indicate that GIS-based interventions consistently deliver superior performance to conventional management approaches, with documented improvements including a 27.78% reduction in collection distances, up to 42% savings in operational costs, and enhanced accuracy in environmental risk assessment. The technology demonstrates particular efficacy when combined with multi-criteria decision analysis frameworks, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of complex spatial relationships and stakeholder requirements. Advanced applications incorporating machine learning algorithms and remote sensing data have further expanded GIS capabilities, supporting predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and adaptive management strategies. Integration challenges identified include data standardization requirements, limitations in technical capacity, and the need for institutional coordination. The findings underscore the critical role of GIS technology in advancing sustainable waste management practices, particularly in developing countries where resource optimization is essential for system viability and environmental protection.<i>Implications</i>: GIS technology offers transformative potential for sustainable solid waste management, with documented cost reductions of 8-76.8% and collection distance reductions of up to 27.78%. Policymakers, especially in developing countries, should prioritize GIS integration through capacity building, data standardization, and institutional coordination. Its proven support for circular economy principles, climate change mitigation, and formal-informal sector collaboration provides strong justification for embedding geospatial technologies in environmental regulations and urban planning, ultimately advancing sustainable development goals around waste management and urban sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"605-624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the feasibility of regional glass remanufacturing within municipal waste systems: A case study from Victoria, Australia.","authors":"Karishma Don, Ayon Chakraborty, Tim Harrison, Harpinder Sandhu","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2695394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2026.2695394","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glass recovery remains a persistent challenge in regional municipal waste systems due to limited infrastructure, low material volumes, and fragmented end markets. This study assesses the feasibility of regional glass remanufacturing in Ararat, Victoria, Australia, using a qualitative case study supported by screening-level quantitative scenario analysis. Sixteen semi-structured interviews with stakeholders across government, industry, and academia were analyzed thematically across four feasibility domains: technical, economic, governance, and social. Findings indicate that regional glass remanufacturing may provide environmental and institutional benefits but is unlikely to be economically viable at an individual municipal scale under current regional conditions. Key constraints include insufficient feedstock volume, contamination risks, transport dependence, capital intensity, fragmented governance, and uncertain end-market demand. Screening-level scenario estimates suggest that regional feedstock aggregation and inter-council coordination would be necessary to approach indicative minimum throughput conditions identified in existing industry and government literature. Rather than presenting a deterministic feasibility model, the study develops an exploratory systems-based Feasibility Decision Framework intended to support early-stage policy and infrastructure discussions in regional contexts. The study contributes theoretically by conceptualizing feasibility as an emergent systems condition shaped by governance alignment, infrastructure proximity, behavioral participation, and institutional coordination. It further develops the concept of \"loop visibility\" to explain how visible local material recovery processes may strengthen public trust and participation in circular economy systems. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of regional collaboration, procurement-supported market formation, and multi-level governance coordination in advancing circular economy implementation in non-metropolitan municipal waste systems.&lt;i&gt;Implications&lt;/i&gt;: This study informs local government and state-level decisions regarding regional glass remanufacturing investment, procurement reform, and inter-council infrastructure coordination. The findings indicate that remanufacturing feasibility in regional municipalities is contingent upon three primary levers: maintaining low contamination rates in source-separated glass streams, aggregating feedstock acrossneighboringcouncils to achieve economically viable throughput and embedding recycled-content standards within public procurement frameworks tostabilizedemand. Targeted capital support for regional aggregation hubs and transport subsidies may further reduce scale-related constraints. If these measures are implemented, regional councils can move beyond landfill diversion toward economically viable glass-to-glass remanufacturing, with the potential to reduce transport-related emissions, lower lifecycle","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of phospholipids and fatty acids in shell waste from <i>carcinus aestuarii</i> and <i>portunus segnis</i>: A promising source for green applications.","authors":"Imene Chetoui, Feriel Ghribi, Dalya Belhassen, Safa Bejaoui, Nejla Soudani","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2704589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2026.2704589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our work provides new insights into the importance of aquatic waste, particularly that derived from crabs. The present study aimed to compare the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of shell waste from two different crab species: the green crab (Carcinus aestuarii) and the blue crab (Portunus segnis). Both species exhibited low total lipid contents. Our findings revealed that C. aestuarii had a lower content of total lipid and proteins compared to P. segnis. Analysis of shell waste from both species identified four classes of phospholipids (PL): phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). In C. aestuarii, PC, PE and PI were the predominant components, whereas PE, PI and PS were the dominant phospholipid in P. segnis. However, significant change son PC and PS were recorded between C. aestuarii and P. segnis. Total fatty acid profile revealed that C.aestuarii shell waste had significant amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and PUFA n-3 mainly C18:0; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), respectively. However, highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA n-6 principally C16:1 and arachidonic acid (ARA) were noted compared to C.aestuarii. Fatty acids profile analysis of phospholipid's fractions revealed for the first time a dominance of SFA, MUFA, followed by PUFA and PUFA (n-3) in all classes for both species. High quantities of the essential fatty acids EPA and DHA, exceeding 0.4 mg/g dw, were detected in all lipid classes of both species, highlighting the strong potential of these wastes as stability indicators in biofertilizer formulation and for integration into aquaculture diets.<i>Implication</i>: The shell residues have strong potential for valorization for applications in agriculture, aquaculture, as well as in the development of functional feed for crustaceans. These valorization strategies are fully in line with a sustainable approach to marine waste management, consistent with the principles of the circular bio-economy and green technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated screening method identifies recent probable wildland fire exceptional events for ozone and PM_2.5 across CONUS - Part 1.","authors":"Crystal D McClure, Andrea F Anderson, Cari L Gostic, Daniel H King, Nathan R Pavlovic","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2639376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2639376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildfire events have driven a seasonal decline in air quality in recent years. The EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards are set to provide public health and welfare protection, but when a standard exceedance is outside the control of an air agency, such as in the case of many wildfires, an exceptional event demonstration can be developed to exclude data from attainment calculations. To evaluate and document probable exceptional events, we created a nationwide screening methodology to identify enhancements of PM_2.5 and ozone concentrations due to wildfire emissions. The screening methodology combines widely used wildfire data and tools, including NOAA's Hazard Mapping System data, PM_2.5 and ozone monitor data, modeled smoke PM_2.5 results, and generalized additive modeling results. This screening identified regional wildfire trends in the data, including the year-round influence of smoke in the southeastern part of the U.S. due to agricultural burning and the significant impact of the 2021 and 2023 Canadian wildfire seasons on the northeastern U.S. Case studies on high- and low-frequency wildfire-impacted areas confirmed the efficacy of the screening method. Results suggest that more than one-third of the days from the 2020-2022 and 2021-2023 design value periods were characterized by an ozone or PM_2.5 smoke event somewhere in the country. Our results provide evidence of the scale to which wildfire smoke contributes to air pollution; this screening methodology can be used to identify probable wildfire exceptional smoke events.<i>Implications</i>: Wildfire events have driven a seasonal decline in air quality in recent years. The EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards are set to provide public health and welfare protection, but when a standard exceedance is outside the control of an air agency, such as in the case of many wildfires, an exceptional event demonstration can be developed to exclude data from attainment calculations. We created a nationwide screening methodology to identify enhancements of PM_2.5 and ozone concentrations due to wildfire emissions. Our screening methodology can be used to identify probable wildfire exceptional smoke events.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"548-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cabin ventilation on in-vehicle exposure to PM and VOCs in passenger cars.","authors":"Hsi-Hsien Yang, Narayan Babu Dhital, Hsiang-Wei Chen, Yueh-Shu Hsieh, Shang-Wei Huang","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2655722","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2655722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study simultaneously measured in-cabin and ambient air quality in a passenger car under real-world driving conditions to evaluate the influence of different ventilation modes (recirculation, fresh air, and open windows) on the cabin concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). A single passenger car was tested in order to control for confounding factors related to vehicle design. Ventilation efficiencies were quantitatively assessed using air changes per hour (ACH), estimated using the carbon dioxide (CO₂) mass balance method. Results showed that the recirculation mode effectively suppressed the infiltration of ambient fine particles (PM_2.5), with I/O ratios ranging from 0.10 to 0.13. However, due to inadequate ventilation (ACH ≈3.2-3.5 h^{- 1}), cabin CO₂ concentration surpassed 4000 ppm. In contrast, the fresh air mode significantly increased ACH to 55-66 h^-1, keeping CO₂ concentrations below 1000 ppm. However, both fresh air and open-window modes led to a pronounced increase in cabin concentrations of PM and VOCs. Of the detected VOCs, acetone, ethanol, and formaldehyde had I/O ratios >1, suggesting in-cabin sources, whereas benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and MTBE had I/O <1, indicating the presence of their dominant sources outside the vehicle cabin. These findings indicate a trade-off between reducing exposure to ambient pollutants and maintaining adequate ventilation, highlighting the need for optimized cabin ventilation strategies that balance ventilation, occupant comfort, and cabin air quality.<i>Implications</i>: When ventilation systems are inadequately designed or operated, vehicle cabins may become highly polluted microenvironments, exposing occupants to elevated levels of air pollutants due to the infiltration of roadside air contaminated by vehicle exhaust, emissions from in-cabin sources, and the confined nature of the cabin space. The observed trade-off between minimizing exposure to pollutants and ensuring sufficient ventilation highlights the need for optimized cabin ventilation strategies that balance air exchange, occupant comfort, and in-cabin air quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"593-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality alert and traffic reduction: Potential alteration by travel option.","authors":"Hanseok Jeong, Junetae Kim, Ok-Jin Kim, Sun-Young Kim","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2641603","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2641603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citizen behavior change can serve as an important contributor to improving air quality, when the change is related to traffic emission considered as a major source of air pollution. This study aimed to examine the shift of traffic counts attributed by the Emergency Fine Dust Reduction Measures (EFDRM) in Seoul, South Korea, where one of the major components is text alert service to promote public engagement. Specifically, we investigated the changes in traffic counts before and during EFDRM as well as between different hours and days of the week, which could affect people's travel mode choices. We obtained hourly traffic counts, fine particle concentrations, and meteorological conditions in Seoul for 2016-2019. Using the difference-in-difference design and generalized additive model, we estimated the differences in traffic counts between the days with and without the EFDRM and between pre- and post-implementation periods after adjusting for fine particle air pollution, meteorology, and temporal trends. In addition, we compared these differences by rush and non-rush hours and by weekdays and weekends/holidays to examine the changes in travel behavior. The traffic counts on EFDRM days were significantly lower than on non-EFDRM days after the implementation, whereas no systematic reduction was observed before the implementation. This decrease was found on weekends/holidays and during weekday non-rush hours, but not during weekday rush hours, indicating the impact of the feasibility on behavioral changes in addition to perception. Our findings suggest that short-term air quality interventions can achieve the goal when accompanied with public communication targeting the alternative travel option.<i>Implications</i>: This study provides new evidence that short-term emergency actions can effectively reduce traffic through citizen behavioral changes. The findings highlight that the involvement of public communication and feasible alternative travel options to short-term actions can play an important role in the success of interventions. The reduction in traffic counts, particularly during non-rush hours and weekends, suggests that voluntary behavioral responses can contribute to improving air quality without imposing large regulatory costs. These results offer practical guidance for policymakers to design public engagement-based air quality measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"561-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of carbon emission mitigation, carbon sink expansion, and leveraging ecosystem services.","authors":"Qingshan Li, Lele Zhang, Lei Zhao, Jiaoting Peng","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2651550","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2026.2651550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving climate stabilization requires integrating carbon emission mitigation, carbon sink expansion, and ecosystem service leveraging, yet information on their synergistic deployment remains fragmented. This study critically synthesizes current knowledge across these three pillars to provide a unified framework for transformative climate action. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature and international reports up to June 2024, the review analyzes sectoral emission patterns, mitigation technologies, sink capacities, and ecosystem-based interventions. Results indicate that widespread adoption of renewable energy, transport electrification, green building practices, regeneration, agriculture, and sustainable industrial processes can collectively reduce global carbon emissions by more than 50%. Natural sinks (forests, soils, wetlands, oceans) and engineered removal options, including carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, and biochar offer significant scalable potential, while ecosystem-based approaches, including reforestation, wetland restoration, and payment for ecosystem services, deliver additional sequestration alongside biodiversity conservation and enhanced resilience. This study suggests that only the integrated application of all three pillars provides a practical roadmap to close the gap between current trajectories and Paris Agreement targets, requiring urgent scaling through coherent policies, technological innovation, transparent monitoring, and strengthened international cooperation.<i>Implications</i>: This review critically synthesizes carbon emission mitigation, carbon sink expansion, and ecosystem service leveraging into a unified framework. It demonstrates that sectoral decarbonization through renewables and electrification combined with natural and engineered sinks can close the gap to Paris targets. The findings provide policymakers with actionable pathways to achieve net zero while securing co benefits for biodiversity and resilience. Critically, integrated deployment rather than isolated actions delivers the required scale and speed. This work advances climate policy design by balancing ecological sustainability with socioeconomic development, urging immediate cross sectoral cooperation and scaled investment in both technological and nature based solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"513-535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}