Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi最新文献

{"title":"Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), the Exposome, and Cumulative Health Risk: A Life-course Perspective.","authors":"Sarawut Sangkham, Piyanuch Lonan, Narongsuk Munkong, Arthid Thim-Uam, Worradorn Phairuang","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.219","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fine particulate matter (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, its health effects are often evaluated within single-exposure frameworks, limiting causal inference and reducing the translational relevance of evidence for policy development. In this study, we reconceptualise PM2.5 within the exposome framework by integrating external exposures, internal biological responses, and structural determinants of health across the life course. PM2.5 comprises a complex and dynamic mixture of pollutants from ambient and household sources, including biomass combustion, traffic emissions, and industrial activities. After inhalation, PM2.5 particles can penetrate the respiratory tract, and finer fractions may enter the systemic circulation, where they induce oxidative stress, inflammation, epigenetic dysregulation, and endocrine disruption. These mechanisms contribute to a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancers. The multi-level and temporally accumulated nature of these effects highlights the limitations of reductionist exposure assessment and underscores the need for integrative, systems-based approaches. Integrating cumulative impact assessment with exposome-wide approaches that leverage satellite, clinical, land-use, urban planning, and socioeconomic data can improve the characterization of context-specific cumulative health effects. Positioning PM2.5 as a sentinel indicator of cumulative environmental risk provides a unifying framework for exposome-informed science and supports the development of more precise, equitable, and policy-relevant interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"432-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster in Korea: Implications for Preventive Medicine and Public Health.","authors":"Sue K Park, Woojin Lim, Dong-Wook Lee, Mina Ha, Chang Hyun Lee, Hae-Kwan Cheong","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.248","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The humidifier disinfectant disaster in Korea was one of the most severe environmental health disasters of recent decades. It showed that indoor household chemical products used in daily life can cause fatal health effects at the population level when inhalation risks are not adequately assessed before marketing. The disaster also reaffirmed the central role of epidemiology in detecting emerging environmental health threats and guiding public health responses. Fifteen years after the disaster was recognized, major challenges remain, including defining the full spectrum of health damage, providing compensation, and ensuring long-term support. The Special Act on Remedy for Damage Caused by Humidifier Disinfectants, fully amended in 2026, represents an important institutional advance. By explicitly defining the joint liability of the state and relevant companies, the amended Act reflects a shift toward a more public, state-administered system of compensation and health support. This disaster also highlights the roles of public health professionals in generating epidemiological evidence on delayed or newly recognized diseases and sequelae, applying that evidence in clinical and policy contexts, and establishing life-course-based lifelong health management programs. For the 2026 comprehensive amendment to produce meaningful progress, continued efforts are needed to clarify long-term health effects and refine health data-based surveillance systems so that scientific evidence can be translated effectively into policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"337-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13470086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Noise Exposure and Cardiovascular Function and Lipid Profile in the Garment Industry in Egypt: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Reham Bassem Ibraheem, Ayman Ekram Fahim, Samar Mosaad Gaafar, Fathy Ahmed Nada, Adel M Mishriky","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.077","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Occupational noise exposure is a widespread hazard across multiple industries. However, the association between occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular health outcomes remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare cardiovascular function between workers exposed and unexposed to occupational noise and to compare lipid profiles between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in a denim garment manufacturing facility in Ismailia, Egypt. Two equal groups of workers exposed to occupational noise (≥85 A-weighted decibels; dB[A] for ≥3 years, n=213) and unexposed workers (<85 dB[A], n=213) were recruited using systematic sampling, but three unexposed workers dropped out. Data collection included structured interviews, clinical examinations, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure measurements, and laboratory lipid profile analyses. Noise exposure was assessed using both environmental and personal integrated sound level meters. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of ECG abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ages of the noise-exposed and unexposed groups were 34.5±9.8 years and 33.3±7.7 years, respectively, and females accounted for 67.6% and 66.2% of the groups, respectively. Noise-exposed workers had significantly higher pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and prevalence of dyslipidemia (59.2 vs. 48.6%, p<0.05). ECG abnormalities were more prevalent in the noise-exposed group than in the unexposed group (30.0 vs. 8.1%, p<0.001), with P mitrale and right bundle branch block being the most frequent findings. Duration of noise exposure, personal noise level, age, and systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of ECG abnormalities. Body mass index and duration of noise exposure were significant predictors of dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic occupational noise exposure was associated with elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and ECG abnormalities. Longer duration and higher intensity of noise exposure were also associated with increased cardiovascular risk indicators. These findings support workplace noise-control measures, periodic cardiovascular screening, and improved use of personal protective equipment in similar garment manufacturing settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"392-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal Distribution and Relative Risk of Dengue Fever in Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"Mohamad Afiq Amsyar Hamedin, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mohd Rahim Sulong","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.035","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dengue fever remains a major public health concern in Malaysia, with marked spatial heterogeneity and evolving temporal dynamics. Although the incidence of dengue has increased substantially in recent years, district-level risk patterns and their changes over time remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of dengue risk in Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of dengue surveillance data was conducted using district-level monthly case counts from 2022 to 2024. Dengue risk was modeled with Bayesian spatio-temporal models incorporating spatial effects, temporal effects, and space-time interaction terms. Spatial variation was modeled using the Besag-York-Mollié 2 specification, while temporal trends were modeled using a first-order random walk. Competing models were compared using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC). Relative risk (RR) and exceedance probability maps were generated from the best-fitting model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dengue incidence increased markedly after 2022, with incidence rates nearly doubling in 2023 and remaining high in 2024. Incidence maps showed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with persistent high-incidence districts concentrated in urban and peri-urban regions. Spatio-temporal models incorporating space-time interaction substantially outperformed the additive model, with lower DIC and WAIC values. The best-fitting model identified the highest RRs in districts within Selangor, while several districts in Penang, and Johor had high posterior probabilities of elevated risk [P(RR>1)>0.8].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates substantial spatial heterogeneity and evolving temporal dynamics in dengue risk across Peninsular Malaysia. Bayesian spatio-temporal disease mapping provides robust, localized, time-specific estimates of dengue risk and may support targeted surveillance and intervention in endemic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13470090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Medication Expenditures to Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Iran: An Inequality Analysis.","authors":"Abdoreza Mousav, Rajabali Daroudi, Ali Akbari Sari, Masoomeh Gholami, Saeed Mohammadpour, Ali Akbar Fazaeli","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.025","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) is a well-established indicator of financial risk protection. This study aimed to examine the contribution of medication expenditure to CHE and the associated socioeconomic inequalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from 6 nationally representative income and expenditure surveys covering the period 2019-2024. Using the budget share method, CHE was defined as out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments exceeding 25% of a household's total consumption expenditure. The contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was then calculated as the difference in the proportion of households experiencing CHE with and without medication payments. Socioeconomic inequalities were quantified using the Concentration Index (CI), and decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the primary drivers of overall socioeconomic inequality in the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, medications represented a substantial share of household health expenditures and contributed to CHE. In 2024, OOP spending on medications accounted for 31.2% of total health expenditures, while the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was 1.28%. The CI indicated that the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was concentrated among poorer households. Decomposition analysis further identified medium-sized households, male-headed households, households with employed heads, insured households, and urban households as the main contributors to this socioeconomic inequality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Iran, OOP payments for medications constitute a substantial share of household healthcare expenditures and contribute to CHE. Because the roots of inequality extend beyond the healthcare system, addressing this issue requires a comprehensive, cross-sectoral strategy that integrates broader social and economic policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"298-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Fatigue and Work Stress in Aircraft Maintenance Personnel at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, Makassar, Indonesia: A PLS-SEM Study on Quality of Life.","authors":"Lalu Muhammad Saleh, Syamsiar Siang Russeng, Mahfuddin Yusbud, Tae-Gu Kim, Nurul Mawaddah Syafitri, Fatimah Azzahrah Zainuddin, Andi Alifah Kultsum Umniyah Tenri","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.25.726","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.25.726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and test a comprehensive model analyzing direct and indirect relationships among workload, demographic factors, fatigue, work stress, and quality of life among aircraft maintenance personnel (AMP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at the maintenance, repair, and overhaul facility at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, Makassar. Data collection combined structured interviews, standardized questionnaires (the NASA Task Load Index, Work Fatigue Feeling Measurement Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF), and objective measures (a Cocoro Meter for stress and an oximeter for physical workload). The model was examined using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), which is well-suited to complex models with latent variables and non-normally distributed data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PLS-SEM analysis, physical workload (β=0.229, p=0.018) and work experience (β=0.277, p=0.007) were significantly and directly associated with fatigue. Age significantly predicted work stress (β=0.371, p=0.001). Crucially, fatigue (β=-0.344, p=0.002) and work stress (β=-0.385, p<0.001) had significant negative direct effects on quality of life and were central mediators. No direct effects of exogenous variables on quality of life were observed. Cross-tabulation supported these findings; subgroups with higher physical demands, longer tenure, and older age reported greater fatigue, higher stress, and lower quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fatigue and work stress are pivotal mediators that are significantly associated with reduced quality of life among AMP. Interventions to reduce physical workload and provide targeted support for more experienced and older workers may improve well-being and safety in the aviation maintenance industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Trends in Healthcare Quality in Korea: A Multidimensional Assessment Using OECD Health Care Quality Indicators (2008-2023).","authors":"Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Sang-A Cho, Hyemin Jung, Youngs Chang, Jieun Yun, Sanghyun Cho, Un-Na Kim, Hye Yeon Koo, Eun Byul Cho, Do Hee Kim, Jin Yong Lee","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.26.233","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.26.233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Assessing healthcare quality at the national level is essential for evaluating health system performance and identifying areas requiring improvement. This study examined long-term trends in healthcare quality in Korea from 2008 to 2023 using internationally comparable indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a trend analysis of healthcare quality in Korea using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Health Care Quality and Outcomes framework and quality indicators. Indicators across multiple domains, including acute care, primary care, prescribing in primary care, mental healthcare, and patient experiences, were analyzed and compared with OECD averages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healthcare quality in Korea improved across several domains. Thirty-day mortality for acute myocardial infarction decreased from 14.2% in 2008 to 10.2% in 2023, while mortality for ischemic stroke declined from 8.7% to 5.5%. Avoidable hospitalizations decreased substantially, with hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease declining by 59.7%. The proportion of patients with diabetes receiving cholesterol-lowering treatment increased from 44.1% to 82.5%. However, the proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions remained substantially higher than the OECD average (40.3 vs. 15.5%). In mental healthcare, excess mortality ratios increased from 4.3 in 2010 to 4.9 in 2023 for schizophrenia and from 3.5 to 4.3 for bipolar disorder, while post-discharge suicide rates showed little improvement. Patient experience indicators related to patient-physician communication improved and approached OECD averages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare quality in Korea improved substantially between 2008 and 2023, particularly in acute care outcomes and chronic disease management. However, persistent challenges remain in areas such as antibiotic use, polypharmacy, and mental healthcare. These findings provide internationally comparable evidence to inform future health policy and healthcare quality improvement efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under-reporting of Childhood Tuberculosis Cases in Indonesia and Associated Factors.","authors":"Kristina L Tobing, Dina Bisara Lolong, Doni Lasut, Mirna Widiyanti, Felly Philipus Senewe, Rachmalina Soerachman, Oster Suriani, Yusniar, Rita Aryati, M N Farid","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.25.894","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.25.894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Indonesia has the second-highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally, after India. The estimated TB incidence in Indonesia is 1 090 000 cases (387 cases per 100 000 population), with an associated mortality of 131 000 deaths (47 deaths per 100 000 population). The 2023-2024 TB Inventory Study in Indonesia aimed to quantify the extent of under-reporting by identifying TB cases that were diagnosed and/or treated but not reported to the National TB Surveillance System (Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis [SITB]). This study specifically assessed the magnitude of under-reporting of TB cases among children younger than 15 years in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a cross-sectional design and analyzed data from the 2023-2024 TB Inventory Study (SIV-TB) in Indonesia. The sample included all TB cases in children younger than 15 years identified from eligible health facilities. Under-reported cases were defined as those that were diagnosed and/or treated but not reported to the SITB. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize under-reporting. A record-linkage process was performed to compare SIV-TB data with SITB data after deduplication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 293 TB cases in children younger than 15 years were identified across health facilities in 31 districts and cities. The overall under-reporting rate for childhood TB was 23.5%. The highest under-reporting rate was observed in Eastern Indonesia (28.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under-reporting of childhood TB was significantly associated with both age group and type of health facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":"59 3","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic and Regional Disparities in Under-five Mortality in Indonesia: Insights From Indonesia's 2020 Census.","authors":"Asep Hermawan","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.25.763","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.25.763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined district-level and municipality-level socioeconomic determinants of the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) to inform equitable policies aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ecological cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 514 districts and municipalities in Indonesia. U5MR estimates were obtained from Statistics Indonesia and calculated using the indirect Trussell method based on the 2020 Population Census Long Form. Poverty rate, mean years of schooling, gross regional domestic product per capita, and total fertility rate (TFR) were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable ordinary least squares regression with robust standard errors. To account for spatial dependence, a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model was additionally applied. Spatial mapping was used to illustrate geographic variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>U5MR ranged from 10.7 to 75.8 deaths per 1000 live births across districts and municipalities. Higher TFR (β=13.21, p<0.001) and higher poverty rates (β=0.61, p<0.001) were associated with higher U5MR, whereas higher educational attainment was associated with lower U5MR (β=-0.79, p=0.001). The association between poverty and mortality was stronger in rural districts than in municipalities (interaction β=-0.30, p=0.06). The SAR model identified significant spatial dependence and demonstrated improved model fit. Spatial clustering revealed an east-west divide, with the highest mortality observed in Papua and East Nusa Tenggara.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fertility, poverty, and educational attainment are key predictors of child survival in Indonesia, with districts in eastern regions bearing disproportionate burdens. Policy efforts should prioritize family planning, maternal education, and targeted support for socioeconomically disadvantaged districts to accelerate progress toward achieving SDG 3.2 by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":"59 3","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Trends of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States.","authors":"Zhen Zhang, Lei Zhang, Marinelle Payton","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.25.973","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.25.973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern in the United States, with prevalence increasing steadily over the past 4 decades. This mini-review summarizes recent trends and subgroup disparities using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and related publications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from NHANES cycles conducted between 1988 and 2023 were reviewed to examine temporal trends in adult obesity prevalence, with particular attention to differences by age, sex, race, and interactions between sex and age as well as sex and race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of adult obesity increased from approximately 15% in the late 1970s to 42.4% in 2017-2018. For the first time in nearly 3 decades, consecutive declines were observed, with prevalence falling to 40.3% in 2021-2023. Disparities persist: middle-aged adults and non-Hispanic Black females continue to experience the highest prevalence of obesity, whereas non-Hispanic Asian populations consistently exhibit the lowest rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recent declines may indicate progress in obesity control; however, targeted and equity-focused interventions remain essential to sustain improvements and reduce persistent disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520687,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi","volume":" ","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}