Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Vacant lot to community garden conversion and crime in Milwaukee: a difference-in-differences analysis.","authors":"David R Beam,&nbsp;Aniko Szabo,&nbsp;Jared Olson,&nbsp;Lawrence Hoffman,&nbsp;Kirsten M M Beyer","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vacant lots generate the perception of neglect and are often opportunistic locations for crime. Evidence is building to suggest that greening vacant lots, especially through community engaged approaches, is associated with reductions in some types of crime.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a retrospective quasi-experimental approach, we compared the conversion of vacant lots into community gardens (n=53) with a group of matched control lots (n=159) to examine the effect of this intervention on police reported theft, violent and nuisance crime in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Conversions often involved the addition of planter boxes to create a garden, and sometimes included benches, paths, works of art or other landscaping features. Public crime data were used to generate crime rates within 100 m and 250 m around each lot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Violent and nuisance crime rates are lower near treatment lots based on an unadjusted difference-in-differences analysis of means and two Poisson regression models. While no substantial effects were observed among theft crimes, the most consistent crime rate reductions were found among violent crime within 250 m, ranging between 3.7% and 6.4% across analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the small number of interventions, community-driven vacant lot to garden conversions were associated with slight reductions in crime. Urban greening initiatives may be a promising strategy to reduce urban crime and warrant further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"403-408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38365841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed-methods process evaluation of SafeTea: a multimedia campaign to prevent hot drink scalds in young children and promote burn first aid.","authors":"Laura Elizabeth Cowley,&nbsp;C Verity Bennett,&nbsp;Isabelle Brown,&nbsp;Alan Emond,&nbsp;Alison Mary Kemp","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>SafeTea is a multifaceted intervention delivered by community practitioners to prevent hot drink scalds to young children and improve parents' knowledge of appropriate burn first aid. We adapted SafeTea for a national multimedia campaign, and present a mixed-methods process evaluation of the campaign.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used social media, a website hosting downloadable materials and media publicity to disseminate key messages to parents/caregivers of young children and professionals working with these families across the UK. The SafeTea campaign was launched on National Burns Awareness Day (NBAD), October 2019, and ran for 3 months. Process evaluation measurements included social media metrics, Google Analytics, and quantitative and qualitative results from a survey of professionals who requested hard copies of the materials via the website.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings were summarised under four themes: 'reach', 'engagement', 'acceptability' and 'impact/behavioural change'. The launch on NBAD generated widespread publicity. The campaign reached a greater number of the target audience than anticipated, with over 400 000 views of the SafeTea educational videos. Parents and professionals engaged with SafeTea and expressed positive opinions of the campaign and materials. SafeTea encouraged parents to consider how to change their behaviours to minimise the risks associated with hot drinks. Reach and engagement steadily declined after the first month due to reduced publicity and social media promotion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SafeTea campaign was successful in terms of reach and engagement. The launch on NBAD was essential for generating media interest. Future campaigns could be shorter, with more funding for additional social media content and promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of race on suspect injuries during encounters with police.","authors":"Edward Maguire","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on suspect injuries during use of force encounters with police in Tucson, Arizona.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on all use of force cases recorded by the Tucson Police Department from January 2018 to March 2020 were analysed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of suspect injuries controlling for a variety of other factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 28.5% of people who had force used against them by Tucson police were injured. Multivariate analyses reveal that among those who had force used against them, African-American suspects were significantly less likely than white suspects to be injured. The risk of injury for other racial and ethnic groups is about the same as the risk for white suspects. Resisting arrest and seeking to escape from police custody do not increase the risk of injury among suspects, but assaulting officers or other individuals does increase the risk of injury. Certain types of force, such as canines, firearms and TASERs, are associated with significantly elevated risks of injury among suspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Numerous interest groups have raised concerns about the police use of force against minorities. Using publicly available data, this analysis examined the effects of race and ethnicity on risk of injury during the use of force encounters with police in Tucson. The findings reveal that minorities are not injured at elevated rates relative to whites. To the contrary, African-American suspects are less likely to be injured than white suspects are.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"456-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38709213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health.","authors":"Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Abdullah H Baqui,&nbsp;Thomas Benfield,&nbsp;Raffaella Bosurgi,&nbsp;Fiona Godlee,&nbsp;Stephen Hancocks,&nbsp;Richard Horton,&nbsp;Laurie Laybourn-Langton,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Monteiro,&nbsp;Ian Norman,&nbsp;Kirsten Patrick,&nbsp;Nigel Praities,&nbsp;Marcel Gm Olde Rikkert,&nbsp;Eric J Rubin,&nbsp;Peush Sahni,&nbsp;Richard Smith,&nbsp;Nicholas J Talley,&nbsp;Sue Turale,&nbsp;Damián Vázquez","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"400-402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39384685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: <i>Average medical cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries by type in the USA</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043544corr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043544corr1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043544corr1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39227087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising burden of penetrating knife injuries.","authors":"Bisola Ajayi,&nbsp;Hugo Guthrie,&nbsp;Alex Trompeter,&nbsp;Duncan Tennent,&nbsp;Darren F Lui","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Knife crime remains an area of public health concern. In order to tackle this problem and reduce its burden, the epidemiology of penetrating knife injuries needs to be understood. The aim of this study is to analyse the pattern of knife injuries at a major trauma centre (MTC) in London.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analysis of cases from the prospectively collected Trauma Audit and Research Network database of patients attending the emergency department with violent intentional knife injuries from January 2014 to December 2018 was performed. Registry data were analysed for mechanism of injury, number of stabbings, month/date/time of admission, patient demographics, anatomical pattern of injury, hospital length of stay, intervention, ethnicity, repeat victims and fatality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1373 penetrating knife injuries activated the major trauma call representing 11.7% of all major trauma alerts. 44% occurred in the 16-25 years age group and 85.6% were male. 67.2% required hospital admission. 14.1% required surgery. 50.3% required intervention from multiple specialities. 39.4% had thoracic injuries and 25.8% abdominal injuries. Fatality rate was 0.9% (n=12). 3.6% were repeat victims. 26.8% were multiple stabbings. 5.2% were deliberate self-harm. 23.2% were of white ethnic background. Injury incidence peaked on a Saturday. A significant peak in injuries occurred between 22:00 and 00:00.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows an increase in the incidence of knife crime per year. These cases contribute approximately 12% of major trauma calls. Female assaults increased from 8.4% to 14.3%. Approximately 2/3 injuries occur in the thorax and abdomen with high frequencies at weekends and evenings. These facts can help allocate resources more efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"467-471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25359458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining child drowning mortality in the Sundarbans, India: applying the community knowledge approach.","authors":"Medhavi Gupta,&nbsp;Soumyadeep Bhaumik,&nbsp;Sujoy Roy,&nbsp;Ranjan Kanti Panda,&nbsp;Margaret Peden,&nbsp;Jagnoor Jagnoor","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Sundarbans in India is a rural, forested region where children are exposed to a high risk of drowning due to its waterlogged geography. Current data collection systems capture few drowning deaths in this region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based survey was conducted in the Sundarbans to determine the drowning mortality rate for children aged 1 to 4 years and 5 to 9 years. A community knowledge approach was used. Meetings were held with community residents and key informants to identify drowning deaths in the population. Identified deaths were verified by the child's household through a structured survey, inquiring on the circumstances around the drowning death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The drowning mortality rate for children aged 1 to 4 years was 243.8 per 100 000 children and for 5 to 9 years was 38.8 per 100 000 children. 58.0% of deaths were among children aged 1 to 2 years. No differences in rates between boys and girls were found. Most children drowned in ponds within 50 metres of their homes. Children were usually unaccompanied with their primary caretaker engaged in household work. A minority of children were treated by formal health providers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drowning is a major cause of death among children in the Sundarbans, particularly those aged 1 to 4 years. Interventions keeping children in safe spaces away from water are urgently required. The results illustrate how routine data collection systems grossly underestimate drowning deaths, emphasising the importance of community-based surveys in capturing these deaths in rural low- and middle-income country contexts. The community knowledge approach provides a low-resource, validated methodology for this purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"413-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38491321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky business: a 15-year analysis of fatal coastal drowning of young male adults in Australia.","authors":"Jasmin C Lawes,&nbsp;Annabel Ellis,&nbsp;Shane Daw,&nbsp;Luke Strasiotto","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death, especially for males. In Australian coastal waters, young male adults account for 25% of the burden of male drowning. This study aims to describe young male coastal drowning deaths and to examine the prevalence of risk factors, especially alcohol and drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Characteristics of unintentional fatal drowning involving males (15-34 years) were compared with other adults (15 years and older). Data were sourced from the National Coronial Information System (Australia) and Surf Life Saving incident reports (2004/2005-2018/2019). Relative risk was calculated and χ² tests of independence were performed (p<0.05). Blood alcohol and drug concentrations were analysed with permutational analyses of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young males drowned more while jumping (9.85 times), swimming/wading (1.41 times), at rock/cliff locations (1.42 times) and on public holidays (1.8 times). Young males drowned less while boating (0.81 times), scuba diving (2.08 times), offshore (1.56 times) or due to medical factors (3.7 times). Young males drowned more (1.68 times) after consuming illicit drugs (amphetamines 2.26 times; cannabis 2.25 times) and less with prescription drugs (benzodiazepines 2.6 times; opiates 4.1 times; antidepressants 7.7 times). Blood serum concentrations of cannabis were higher in young males, while amphetamine and alcohol were lower.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Unsafe behaviours alongside certain activities or locations create deadly combinations of risk factors. A relationship between age, activity, attitude and affluence is proposed, where young males drown more in affordable activities with fewer regulations. Our results support multilevel strategies (spanning life stages) to reduce young male coastal drowning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"442-449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38646457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand challenges and global solutions: where does injury prevention fit in?","authors":"Roderick J McClure","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/9e/injuryprev-2021-044400.PMC8461401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for fatal drowning in a Greek region: a retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis,&nbsp;Evdokia Brousa,&nbsp;Orthodoxia Mastrogianni,&nbsp;Amvrosios Orfanidis,&nbsp;Helen G Gika,&nbsp;Nikolaos Raikos","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatal drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury mortality worldwide and a persistent public health concern in Greece. While several pathologic and sociodemographic contributing factors have been previously identified, these have not been extensively investigated in conjunction with the effects of psychoactive substances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study of drowning deaths was conducted in the Greek regions of Northern Greece and Thessaly during a 10-year period. A regression model was constructed examining differences in detected substances, autopsy findings and sociodemographic characteristics between 240 victims of unintentional fatal submersion and 480 victims of other causes of sudden or violent death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of victims were males (69.4%) and foreign nationality was associated with increased odds of drowning. Cardiomegaly and coronary bypass grafts were significantly more likely to have been recorded among drowning victims, while the frequency of other circulatory system disorders was also elevated. Several of these findings were potential arrhythmogenic substrates which could adversely interact with the diving reflex. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly detected pharmacological group (9.0%), and along with tramadol, there was an increased likelihood of exposure to them. These drugs have been previously associated with QT prolongation and other adverse effects which may contribute to fatal outcomes in a seawater environment. In contrast, there was a decreased risk of exposure to dependence-inducing drugs and paracetamol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Male sex, older age, foreign nationality and cardiovascular disease predisposed individuals to an elevated risk of fatal submersion. SSRI antidepressants and tramadol may contribute to this outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40453960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}