Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...最新文献
Adam Tickal, Sean Taylor, Tyler Kelly, LaMiah Hall, Faraji Woodson, Ronit Wollstein
{"title":"Gender Inequality in Hand Society Leadership Worldwide.","authors":"Adam Tickal, Sean Taylor, Tyler Kelly, LaMiah Hall, Faraji Woodson, Ronit Wollstein","doi":"10.1055/a-2977-0759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2977-0759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the increasing representation of women in medical schools, surgical specialties, particularly hand surgery, remain male-dominated. Gender disparities persist across multiple career stages, with women underrepresented in leadership positions within national and international hand surgery societies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current landscape of women leadership in national and international hand surgery societies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In December 2024, an internet search was conducted to identify hand surgery societies with publicly available leadership data. The proportion of female leaders in each society was calculated to evaluate gender representation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 51 national societies across six continents and three international federations (Asia Pacific Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand, Federation of European Societies for Surgery of the Hand, and International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand), women held 22% of international and 20% of national leadership roles. Regional female representation was highest in Oceania (44%) and lowest in North America (7%). Twelve societies had no female leaders, while one was entirely led by women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Substantial gender disparity persists globally in hand society leadership. Targeted efforts to enhance transparency, mentorship, and systemic change should be implemented or expanded to foster inclusive leadership environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Scharfetter, Fabian Köninger, Florian Wimmer, Jasmina Lagumdzija, Gottfried Wechselberger, Elisabeth Russe
{"title":"[Autologous Nerve Transplantation Instead of Tendon Transfer A Promising Option for Reconstruction of the Radial Nerve Even After Delayed Treatment].","authors":"Sandra Scharfetter, Fabian Köninger, Florian Wimmer, Jasmina Lagumdzija, Gottfried Wechselberger, Elisabeth Russe","doi":"10.1055/a-2957-4816","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2957-4816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theresa Fallnhauser, Katharina Mörs, Emily Lerchbaumer, Sabrina Krauß, Jonas Kolbenschlag, Henrik Lauer, Adrien Daigeler, Johannes T Thiel
{"title":"[Emergency Interscapulothoracic Amputation for necrotizing soft tissue infections of the upper extremity].","authors":"Theresa Fallnhauser, Katharina Mörs, Emily Lerchbaumer, Sabrina Krauß, Jonas Kolbenschlag, Henrik Lauer, Adrien Daigeler, Johannes T Thiel","doi":"10.1055/a-2964-9591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2964-9591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Franz Langer, Anna-Sophie Wichmann-Reisener, Carolin-Sophie Langer, Martin Lautenbach
{"title":"[Special surgical anatomy and pathology of the 6th extensor compartment of the wrist and reconstruction of extensor carpi ulnas dislocations].","authors":"Martin Franz Langer, Anna-Sophie Wichmann-Reisener, Carolin-Sophie Langer, Martin Lautenbach","doi":"10.1055/a-2930-3810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2930-3810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The article describes the special surgical anatomy of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (ECU) and the sixth extensor compartment, including the most common pathological conditions. The sixth extensor compartment is only loosely covered and not connected by the extensor retinaculum. The ECU has its own retinaculum at the ulnar head, for which the Latin name \"retinaculum privatum\" (English: subsheath) is proposed. Dislocation of the extensor tendon (ECU), first described by Schlesinger in 1907, can be treated using various techniques for reconstructing the retinaculum privatum (from the extensor retinaculum, transosseous with a free tendon graft, or using fibers from the Linea jugata).1 Tendovaginosis of the extensor compartment was first surgically treated by Stein in 1927; the first detailed description was provided by Pfeiffer in 1969 in Volume 1 of this journal.2, 3 The sixth extensor compartment is frequently affected in rheumatic diseases. In these cases, significant structural damage is found in the ECU tendon and tendon sheath due to aggressive inflammatory synovitis and instability of the ulnar head (caput ulnae syndrome).</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedikt Schäfer, Justus P Beier, Sebastian Ocklenburg
{"title":"Left or right - the development of handedness and its significance in everyday hand surgery.","authors":"Benedikt Schäfer, Justus P Beier, Sebastian Ocklenburg","doi":"10.1055/a-2951-4687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2951-4687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Handedness describes the preference for using one hand over the other in fine and gross motor tasks and represents a key manifestation of functional brain asymmetry. Around 90% of the world's population is right-handed. The development of handedness is based on a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, neurobiological, developmental psychological and environmental factors. Prenatal movement patterns allow conclusions to be drawn about future handedness at an early stage. However, genetic influences explain only part of the variance, meaning that polygenic and regulatory mechanisms, as well as perinatal and postnatal influences, contribute significantly to the development and stabilisation of handedness. Handedness has considerable clinical relevance for hand surgery. Injuries to the dominant hand frequently lead to greater subjective limitations, longer rehabilitation and a greater impairment of work capacity and quality of life. At the same time, cortical plasticity offers the possibility for adaptive processes. Taking handedness into account therefore influences the assessment of severity, the choice of treatment strategies, the definition of rehabilitation goals, and the interpretation of patient-reported outcomes. Occupational health aspects are also relevant, as left-handed individuals in right-handed-dominated environments have an increased risk of certain strain and compression syndromes. Furthermore, handedness is relevant not only in patients but also in surgeons, for example with regard to instrumentation, training conditions and bimanual coordination. The aim of this review is to bring together the neurobiological and developmental foundations of handedness and to critically examine their significance for diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and clinical decision-making processes in hand surgery. An integrative understanding of handedness can help to differentiate treatment strategies more functionally and to optimise them in a patient-centred and scientifically sound manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the Guyon's canal].","authors":"Philipp Tratnig-Frankl, Marion Mühldorfer-Fodor","doi":"10.1055/a-2938-7287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2938-7287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The ulnar nerve runs at the level of the ulnar carpus through Guyon's canal. Due to the proximity to very rigid ligamentous and bony structures, space-occupying processes or fractures can easily cause compression of the ulnar nerve and its two distal branches. Pathologies of the adjacent ulnar artery can also irritate the nerve.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>After cubital tunnel syndrome, this is the second most common compression syndrome of the ulnar nerve. Overall, compression at Guyon´s canal is a very rare condition, which is considered challenging due to its variability of symptoms. Since the ulnar nerve divides within Guyon's canal into its two end branches, the superficial branch and the deep branch, the clinical manifestation of nerve compression can present with mixed sensorimotor, purely sensory, or purely motor deficits.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The most common causes of compression neuropathy include ganglion cysts, aberrant muscles, fractures, or vascular anomalies within Guyon's canal. Therefore, in addition to an thorough clinical examination, the preoperative workout should also include appropriate imaging modalities (X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound) as well as a neurological and electrophysiological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Surgical exploration and decompression of the nerve at all potential sites of compression is indicated if symptoms persist or if sensorimotor deficits have existed for a longer time, in order to prevent irreversible late sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed S Aydin, Şükrü Kasap, Gökay Özler, Mustafa Nişanci
{"title":"Pedicled Perforator-Based Paraumbilical Flap for Salvage Reconstruction after a Failed Latissimus Dorsi Flap in an Upper Extremity Crush Injury.","authors":"Muhammed S Aydin, Şükrü Kasap, Gökay Özler, Mustafa Nişanci","doi":"10.1055/a-2957-4299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2957-4299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Ulnar carpometacarpal joint fracture luxation of fourth and fifth ray].","authors":"Arne Tenbrock, Stefan Weber, Martin Lautenbach","doi":"10.1055/a-2938-7233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2938-7233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Carpometacarpal fracture dislocations of the ulnar rays are rare but complex injuries of the hand and frequently pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Epidemiologically, affected patients are predominantly young males, with a high proportion of injuries resulting from punching mechanisms. Owing to the often unspecific clinical presentation and difficult visualization in conventional radiographs, there is a substantial risk of delayed diagnosis and treatment, which appears to be associated with inferior clinical outcomes. Early CT scans in cases of suspected injury are therefore considered essential.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In addition to the consistent involvement of the fifth metacarpal (MC V), the fourth metacarpal (MC IV) and the hamate bone are frequently involved, either isolated or in combination. Conservative treatment appears to be sufficient only in rare cases, while surgical management is generally preferred. The choice of surgical approach and fixation technique, ranging from transfixing or reduction Kirschner wires to screw or plate osteosynthesis, depends on the specific injury pattern and should be determined on a case-by-case basis.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Despite the complexity of these injuries, clinical outcomes after appropriate surgical management are generally favorable. However, robust long-term data addressing postoperative functional limitations and the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis remain limited. In mid-term follow-up, hand therapy can achieve good results in terms of strength and function. In cases of post-traumatic osteoarthritis with persistent symptoms, various salvage procedures are available, each associated with distinct advantages and risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedikt Fuchs, Dolores Wolfram, Benoit Couturaud, Cenk Demirdover, Nuno Fradinho, Uwe von Fritschen, Alexandru Georgescu, Emma Hansson, Cristian Radu Jecan, Ilkka Kaartinen, Reuf Karabeg, Aadil Khan, Brian Kneafsey, Drahomir Palencar, Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Georgios Psaras, Jacques Saboye, Antonio Jesús Pineda Sierra, Nenad Stepic, Cesare Tiengo, Horácio Zenha, Rado Zic, Riccardo E Giunta
{"title":"The European Landscape of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Reporting, Surveillance, and Management Practices from the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Survey 2026.","authors":"Benedikt Fuchs, Dolores Wolfram, Benoit Couturaud, Cenk Demirdover, Nuno Fradinho, Uwe von Fritschen, Alexandru Georgescu, Emma Hansson, Cristian Radu Jecan, Ilkka Kaartinen, Reuf Karabeg, Aadil Khan, Brian Kneafsey, Drahomir Palencar, Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Georgios Psaras, Jacques Saboye, Antonio Jesús Pineda Sierra, Nenad Stepic, Cesare Tiengo, Horácio Zenha, Rado Zic, Riccardo E Giunta","doi":"10.1055/a-2934-4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2934-4250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare but increasingly recognised complication of breast implantation. Despite growing awareness, data on incidence, surveillance systems, and clinical management across Europe remain heterogeneous and insufficiently standardised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery conducted a cross-sectional survey among national society representatives to collect data on reported cases of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma as well as on national documentation practices, surveillance systems, and clinical management strategies. Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire between January and February 2026.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty responses were obtained, reporting a total of 626 cases of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. A marked geographic variation was observed, with the highest case numbers reported in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Only a minority of respondents reported the existence of complete implant documentation or structured follow-up programs, and most considered current reporting systems to be incomplete. Although the overall awareness of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and adherence to core management principles were high, substantial variability was observed in surveillance strategies, reporting obligations, and registry implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey highlights perceived heterogeneity in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma documentation and surveillance across Europe and suggests that under-reporting may exist in some countries. These findings support further efforts toward a harmonised European surveillance framework and standardized reporting system coordinated by The European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, alongside strengthened professional education and guideline-based clinical management to improve patient safety and epidemiological data quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Ulna Impaction Syndrome - a critical review of the literature].","authors":"Kai Megerle","doi":"10.1055/a-2938-7301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2938-7301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) is a frequent diagnosis for ulnar-sided wrist pain, traditionally understood as a mechanical overload condition resulting from positive ulnar variance. Established treatments typically focus on osseous decompression, primarily through ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) or the arthroscopic wafer procedure (AWP).</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This review critically evaluates the classical biomechanical paradigm of idiopathic UIS based on current literature, epidemiological data, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Current evidence demonstrates that congenital positive ulnar variance and degenerative lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are both very common in the asymptomatic general population and therefore do not represent an obligate pathology. Furthermore, the radiological measurement of ulnar variance is subject to methodological inconsistencies. The premise that structural overlength is the sole pain generator necessitating osseous correction is contradicted by the high clinical success rates of conservative therapy and isolated arthroscopic TFCC debridement. While USO and AWP can yield good clinical outcomes, USO in particular is associated with high complication and reoperation rates of up to more than 60%, predominantly due to hardware irritation and non-union.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Congenital UIS is likely overdiagnosed and overtreated due to non-specific diagnostic criteria. A rigorous exclusion of differential diagnoses is mandatory. Management should be approched step-by-step. Initial therapy should consist of conservative measures or isolated arthroscopic soft-tissue debridement. Due to their substantial complication profiles, osseous shortening procedures should be strictly indicated and reserved exclusively for refractory cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":520635,"journal":{"name":"Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}