Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Impact of spexin on metabolic diseases and inflammation: An updated minireview.","authors":"İbrahim Türkel,&nbsp;Gülsün Memi,&nbsp;Burak Yazgan","doi":"10.1177/15353702211072443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211072443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spexin (SPX) is a 14 amino acid length peptide hormone which was discovered using bioinformatic tools. It is extensively expressed in central and peripheral tissues and secreted into circulation in response to metabolic stress. Recent studies revealed that SPX acts as a multifunctional peptide in various metabolic processes such as body weight, food intake, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, lipid storage, salt-water balance, and arterial blood pressure. Endogenous SPX is sensitive to metabolic changes, and circulating levels of SPX have been shown to be reduced in chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Moreover, in fish and rodent models, systemic SPX treatment has positive effects on metabolism including reduced food intake, fat mass, lipid accumulation, and inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and organ functions which are underlying mechanisms in diseases. Taken together, these findings suggest that SPX is a potential drug target for the development of new pharmacological strategies to cure metabolic diseases. This review focuses on metabolo-protective properties of SPX and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of SPX in the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney diseases, which are considerable global health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"567-573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014522/pdf/10.1177_15353702211072443.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39962557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron overload cardiomyopathy: Using the latest evidence to inform future applications.","authors":"Sirinart Kumfu,&nbsp;Siriporn C Chattipakorn,&nbsp;Nipon Chattipakorn","doi":"10.1177/15353702221076397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702221076397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron overload can be the result of either dysregulated iron metabolism in the case of hereditary hemochromatosis or repeated blood transfusions in the case of secondary hemochromatosis (e.g. in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients). Under iron overload conditions, transferrin (Tf) saturation leads to an increase in non-Tf bound iron which can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These excess ROS can damage cellular components, resulting in the dysfunction of vital organs including iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC). Multiple studies have demonstrated that L-type and T-type calcium channels are the main routes for iron uptake in the heart, and that calcium channel blockers, given either individually or in combination with standard iron chelators, confer cardioprotective effects under iron overload conditions. Treatment with antioxidants may also provide therapeutic benefits. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and regulated cell death (RCD) pathways are potential targets for pharmacological interventions against iron-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In this review, the potential therapeutic roles of iron chelators, antioxidants, iron uptake/metabolism modulators, mitochondrial dynamics modulators, and inhibitors of RCD pathways in IOC are summarized and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"574-583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014521/pdf/10.1177_15353702221076397.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39759528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcitriol ameliorates damage in high-salt diet-induced hypertension: Evidence of communication with the gut-kidney axis.","authors":"Ruifeng Ding,&nbsp;Zilong Xiao,&nbsp;Yufeng Jiang,&nbsp;Yi Yang,&nbsp;Yang Ji,&nbsp;Xunxia Bao,&nbsp;Kaichen Xing,&nbsp;Xinli Zhou,&nbsp;Sibo Zhu","doi":"10.1177/15353702211062507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211062507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have established a link between high-salt diet, inflammation, and hypertension. Vitamin D supplementation has shown anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases; gut microbiota is also associated with a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases, but potential role of vitamin D and gut microbiota in high-salt diet-induced hypertension remains unclear. Therefore, we used rats with hypertension induced by a high-salt diet as the research object and analyzed the transcriptome of their tissues (kidney and colon) and gut microbiome to conduct an overall analysis of the gut-kidney axis. We aimed to confirm the effects of high salt and calcitriol on the gut-kidney immune system and the composition of the intestinal flora. We demonstrate that consumption of a high-salt diet results in hypertension and inflammation in the colon and kidney and alteration of gut microbiota composition and function. High-salt diet-induced hypertension was found to be associated with seven microbial taxa and mainly associated with reduced production of the protective short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Calcitriol can reduce colon and kidney inflammation, and there are gene expression changes consistent with restored intestinal barrier function. The protective effect of calcitriol may be mediated indirectly by immunological properties. Additionally, the molecular pathways of the gut microbiota-mediated blood pressure regulation may be related to circadian rhythm signals, which needs to be further investigated. An innovative association analysis of the microbiota may be a key strategy to understanding the association between gene patterns and host.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"624-640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039489/pdf/10.1177_15353702211062507.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39577806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What does desmin do: A bibliometric assessment of the functions of the muscle intermediate filament.","authors":"Geyse Gomes,&nbsp;Marianna R Seixas,&nbsp;Sarah Azevedo,&nbsp;Karina Audi,&nbsp;Arnon D Jurberg,&nbsp;Claudia Mermelstein,&nbsp;Manoel Luis Costa","doi":"10.1177/15353702221075035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702221075035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermediate filaments were first described in muscle in 1968, and desmin was biochemically identified about 10 years afterwards. Its importance grew after the identification of desminopathies and desmin mutations that cause mostly cardiopathies. Since its characterization until recently, different functions have been attributed to desmin. Here, we use bibliometric tools to evaluate the articles published about desmin and to assess its several putative functions. We identified the most productive authors and the relationships between research groups. We studied the more frequent words among 9734 articles (September 2021) containing \"desmin\" on the title and abstract, to identify the major research focus. We generated an interactive spreadsheet with the 934 papers that contain \"desmin\" only on the title that can be used to search and quantify terms in the abstract. We further selected the articles that contained the terms \"function\" or \"role\" from the spreadsheet, which we then classified according to type of function, organelle, or tissue involved. Based on the bibliographic analysis, we assess comparatively the putative functions, and we propose an alternative explanation for the desmin function.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"538-550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014526/pdf/10.1177_15353702221075035.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39600560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a 7-miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Ruijun Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyi Guo,&nbsp;Jia Huang,&nbsp;Jiantao Li,&nbsp;Qiang Tan,&nbsp;Qingquan Luo","doi":"10.1177/15353702211067450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211067450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor diagnosis and patients' prognosis has recently gained extensive research attention. This study was designed to analyze miRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using bioinformatics analysis and to identify novel biomarkers to predict overall survival (OS) for LUAD patients. Differential miRNA expression analysis was performed on LUAD, and normal tissues were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Univariate Cox risk regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis were used to screen prognostic miRNAs and develop a risk score model. The prognostic performance of the system was examined utilizing the Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Independent prognostic factors of LUAD were determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Nomogram was constructed according to the independent prognostic factors to evaluate the patients' one-, three- and five-year OS. A 7-miRNA signature based on miR-584-5p, miR-31-3p, miR-490-3, miR-4661-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-582-5p, and miR-148a-3p was established. To categorize patients into high- and low-risk groups, the risk score was computed. The OS of the low-risk group was significantly longer than the high-risk group, and the signature showed high sensitivity and specificity in anticipating the one-, three- and five-year OS. The system was an independent factor in predicting the OS of LUAD patients and performed better when combined with the N stage in nomogram. A 7-miRNA signature developed in this study could accurately predict LUAD survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"641-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039494/pdf/10.1177_15353702211067450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39962554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of β-caryophyllene against sulfasalazine-induced nephrotoxicity in rat.","authors":"Bassem Refaat,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Boshy","doi":"10.1177/15353702211073804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211073804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of sulfasalazine (SFZ)-induced nephrotoxicity is unclear. Moreover, there are no reports on the protective effects of β-caryophyllene (BCP) against SFZ-induced renal injury. Hence, in this study, we measured several oxidative stress and inflammatory regulatory molecules alongside the effects of BCP in SFZ-intoxicated rats. Male rats (<i>n</i> = 48) were distributed to six equal groups as follows: negative control (NC), normal rats treated with low (N-LD; 200 mg/kg/day) and high (N-HD; 400 mg/kg/day) BCP doses, and animals treated with SFZ individually (PC; 600 mg/kg/day) or combined with BCP low (P-LD) and high (P-HD) doses. All drugs were administrated for 14 consecutive days. The NC, N-LD, and N-HD groups showed comparable renal histology and biochemistry. In contrast, abnormal histology, and increased creatinine and urea alongside oliguria and proteinuria were detected in the PC group. Renal specimens from the PC group revealed increased levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β with kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, while the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (AKT) declined, relative to controls. The PC renal tissue also had markedly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α/interleukin [IL]-1β/IL-6) and pro-oxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA]/H₂O₂/protein carbonyls), whereas those of antioxidants (glutathione [GSH]/glutathione peroxidase [GPx]/superoxide dismutase-1 [SOD1]/catalase [CAT]) and IL-10 decreased and were associated with marked apoptosis. Both BCP regimens ameliorated renal functions and histology, and reduced NF-κB, TGF-β, and KIM-1 levels in addition to those of oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Both protocols also augmented Nrf2, AMPK, AKT, antioxidants, and IL-10. However, P-HD showed better alleviating effects than the N-HD group. In conclusion, this study is the first to link NF-κB, TGF-β, Nrf2, AMPK, and AKT with SFZ-induced nephrotoxicity. In addition, this is the first report to reveal antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects for BCP against SFZ-associated nephropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"691-699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039495/pdf/10.1177_15353702211073804.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39727711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complement component 3 mutations alter the longitudinal risk of pediatric malaria and severe malarial anemia.","authors":"Evans Raballah,&nbsp;Samuel B Anyona,&nbsp;Qiuying Cheng,&nbsp;Elly O Munde,&nbsp;Ivy-Foo Hurwitz,&nbsp;Clinton Onyango,&nbsp;Caroline Ndege,&nbsp;Nicolas W Hengartner,&nbsp;Maria Andreína Pacheco,&nbsp;Ananias A Escalante,&nbsp;Christophe G Lambert,&nbsp;Collins Ouma,&nbsp;Henri C Jr T Obama,&nbsp;Kristan A Schneider,&nbsp;Philip D Seidenberg,&nbsp;Benjamin H McMahon,&nbsp;Douglas J Perkins","doi":"10.1177/15353702211056272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211056272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in holoendemic <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> transmission regions. To gain enhanced understanding of predisposing factors for SMA, we explored the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) missense mutations [rs2230199 (2307C>G, Arg>Gly¹⁰²) and rs11569534 (34420G>A, Gly>Asp¹²²⁴)], malaria, and SMA in a cohort of children (n = 1617 children) over 36 months of follow-up. Variants were selected based on their ability to impart amino acid substitutions that can alter the structure and function of C3. The 2307C>G mutation results in a basic to a polar residue change (Arg to Gly) at position 102 (β-chain) in the macroglobulin-1 (MG1) domain, while 34420G>A elicits a polar to acidic residue change (Gly to Asp) at position 1224 (α-chain) in the thioester-containing domain. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, longitudinal analyses revealed that inheritance of the homozygous mutant (GG) at 2307 enhanced the risk of SMA (RR = 2.142, 95%CI: 1.229-3.735, <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.007). The haplotype containing both wild-type alleles (CG) decreased the incident risk ratio of both malaria (RR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.828-0.972, <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.008) and SMA (RR = 0.617, 95%CI: 0.448-0.848, <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.003). Malaria incident risk ratio was also reduced in carriers of the GG (Gly¹⁰²Gly¹²²⁴) haplotype (RR = 0.941, 95%CI: 0.888-0.997, <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.040). Collectively, inheritance of the missense mutations in MG1 and thioester-containing domain influence the longitudinal risk of malaria and SMA in children exposed to intense <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"672-682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039490/pdf/10.1177_15353702211056272.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39675684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barley microgreen incorporation in diet-controlled diabetes and counteracted aflatoxicosis in rats.","authors":"Sara M Mohamed,&nbsp;Emam A Abdel-Rahim,&nbsp;Tahany Aa Aly,&nbsp;AbdelMoneim M Naguib,&nbsp;Marwa S Khattab","doi":"10.1177/15353702211059765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211059765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased environmental pollution and unhealthy lifestyle are blamed for escalated chronic diseases. Exposure to aflatoxins was recently suggested to have a role in the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet modification and consumption of different functional food are now gaining attention, especially in diabetes management. This study investigates the effect of a diet containing barley microgreen against diabetes induced by streptozotocin with or without aflatoxin administration in rats. Barley microgreen was rich in 3'-Benzyloxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (48.8% of total) followed by 5β,7βH,10α-Eudesm-11-en-1α-ol (18.46%). Streptozotocin injection and/or aflatoxin administration significantly elevated glucose level, decreased insulin level, decreased β-cell function, deteriorated liver and kidney function parameters, and induced oxidative stress in the liver. Histopathology revealed irregular small-sized islets and decreased area % of insulin-positive beta cells in the pancreas, hepatic degeneration, nephropathy, and neuropathy in diabetic and/or aflatoxin administered rats compared to control. Barley microgreen diet fed to diabetic rats with or without aflatoxin alleviated all evaluated parameters. Barley microgreen diet also ameliorated the toxic effect of aflatoxin. In conclusion, exposure to aflatoxin aggravated diabetes and its complication. The incorporation of barley microgreen in the diet was able to control type 2 diabetes mellitus and the improved outcomes observed with barley microgreen treatments involved or occurred in conjunction with improved biomarkers of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"385-394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8919319/pdf/10.1177_15353702211059765.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39638684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass.","authors":"Tong Jia,&nbsp;Zhen Xing,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang And,&nbsp;Guoli Li","doi":"10.1177/15353702211062509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211062509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiopulmonary bypass can result in damage to the intestines, leading to the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dexmedetomidine is reported to confer anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the intestinal mucosa barrier damage in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. It was observed that cardiopulmonary bypass greatly decreased the levels of hemodynamic parameters than SHAM group, whereas dexmedetomidine pretreatment in a cardiopulmonary bypass model rat prevented this reduction. Also, it showed that compared with control animals, cardiopulmonary bypass caused obvious mucosal damage, which was attenuated in dexmedetomidine + cardiopulmonary bypass group. The above findings were in line with that of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, which increased the expression of tight junction proteins, but it decreased the levels of DAO, D-LA, FABP2, and endotoxin. Moreover, the results demonstrated that due to pre-administration of dexmedetomidine, the level of pro-inflammatory factors was decreased, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine was increased. Also, it showed that dexmedetomidine suppressed TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway that was activated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8943332/pdf/10.1177_15353702211062509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused ultrasound stimulation on meibomian glands for the treatment of evaporative dry eye.","authors":"Gengxi Lu,&nbsp;Sumanth Gollapudi,&nbsp;Runze Li,&nbsp;Margaret L Pfeiffer,&nbsp;Preeya Mehta,&nbsp;Laiming Jiang,&nbsp;Sarah Hamm-Alvarez,&nbsp;Mark Humayun,&nbsp;Qifa Zhou,&nbsp;Sandy X Zhang-Nunes","doi":"10.1177/15353702211052035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211052035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction have several limitations, creating a necessity for other advanced treatment options. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of focused ultrasound stimulation for the treatment of dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction. An <i>in vivo</i> study of nine Dutch Belted rabbits was conducted with focused ultrasound stimulation of the meibomian glands. A customized line-focused ultrasonic transducer was designed for treatment. Fluorescein imaging, Schirmer's test, and Lipiview II ocular interferometer were used to quantify outcomes from three aspects: safety, tear production, and lipid layer thickness. Both tear secretion and lipid layer thickness improved following ultrasound treatment. Five to 10 min after the ultrasound treatment, the mean values of lipid layer thickness increased from 55.33 ± 11.15 nm to 95.67 ± 22.77 nm (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the mean values measured with the Schirmer's test increased from 2.0 ± 2.3 to 7.2 ± 4.3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive effects lasted more than three weeks. Adverse events such as redness, swelling, and mild burn, occurred in two rabbits in preliminary experiments when the eyelids sustained a temperature higher than 42°C. No serious adverse events were found. The results suggest that ultrasound stimulation of meibomian glands can improve both tear production and lipid secretion. Ultimately, ultrasound stimulation has the potential to be an option for the treatment of evaporative dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":520623,"journal":{"name":"Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)","volume":" ","pages":"519-526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8943330/pdf/10.1177_15353702211052035.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39519664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}