Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Isolation of clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N8), a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, from a worker during an outbreak on a poultry farm, Russia, December 2020.","authors":"Olga G Pyankova,&nbsp;Ivan M Susloparov,&nbsp;Anastasia A Moiseeva,&nbsp;Natalia P Kolosova,&nbsp;Galina S Onkhonova,&nbsp;Aleksey V Danilenko,&nbsp;Elena V Vakalova,&nbsp;Gennady L Shendo,&nbsp;Natalia N Nekeshina,&nbsp;Lyudmila N Noskova,&nbsp;Julia V Demina,&nbsp;Natalia V Frolova,&nbsp;Elena V Gavrilova,&nbsp;Rinat A Maksyutov,&nbsp;Aleksandr B Ryzhikov","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.24.2100439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.24.2100439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the isolation of influenza A(H5N8) virus clade 2.3.4.4b from a poultry worker during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) among chickens at a poultry farm in Astrakhan, Russia in December 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from seven poultry workers were positive for influenza A(H5N8), as confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. The influenza A(H5N8) virus was isolated from one of the human specimens and characterised. Sporadic human influenza A(H5)2.3.4.4. infections represent a possible concern for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39243936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 cases: mortality inequalities by socio-economic status, Barcelona, Spain, 24 February to 4 May 2020.","authors":"Julieta Politi,&nbsp;Mario Martín-Sánchez,&nbsp;Lilas Mercuriali,&nbsp;Blanca Borras-Bermejo,&nbsp;Joaquín Lopez-Contreras,&nbsp;Anna Vilella,&nbsp;Judit Villar,&nbsp;Angels Orcau,&nbsp;Patricia Garcia de Olalla,&nbsp;Cristina Rius","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.2001138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.2001138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPopulation-based studies characterising outcomes of COVID-19 in European settings are limited, and effects of socio-economic status (SES) on outcomes have not been widely investigated. AimWe describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases, highlighting incidence and mortality rate differences across SES during the first wave in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.MethodsThis population-based study reports individual-level data of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed from 24 February to 4 May 2020, notified to the Public Health Agency of Barcelona and followed until 15 June 2020. We analysed end-of-study vital status and the effects of chronic conditions on mortality using logistic regression. Geocoded addresses were linked to basic health area SES data, estimated using the composed socio-economic index. We estimated age-standardised incidence, hospitalisation, and mortality rates by SES.ResultsOf 15,554 COVID-19-confirmed cases, the majority were women (n = 9,028; 58%), median age was 63 years (interquartile range: 46-83), 8,046 (54%) required hospitalisation, and 2,287 (15%) cases died. Prevalence of chronic conditions varied across SES, and multiple chronic conditions increased risk of death (≥ 3, adjusted odds ratio: 2.3). Age-standardised rates (incidence, hospitalisation, mortality) were highest in the most deprived SES quartile (incidence: 1,011 (95% confidence interval (CI): 975-1,047); hospitalisation: 619 (95% CI: 591-648); mortality: 150 (95% CI: 136-165)) and lowest in the most affluent (incidence: 784 (95% CI: 759-809); hospitalisation: 400 (95% CI: 382-418); mortality: 121 (95% CI: 112-131)).ConclusionsCOVID-19 outcomes varied markedly across SES, underscoring the need to implement effective preventive strategies for vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39005401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for Euro Surveill. 2020;26(19).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.210520c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.210520c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39005400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls of rubella serology while on the brink of elimination: evaluation of national data, Belgium, 2017.","authors":"Sofie Colman,&nbsp;Kris Vernelen,&nbsp;Bernard China,&nbsp;Dorien Van den Bossche,&nbsp;Laura Cornelissen,&nbsp;Marie-Luce Delforge,&nbsp;Marijke Reynders,&nbsp;Mario Berth,&nbsp;Melissa Depypere,&nbsp;Natasja Van Gasse,&nbsp;Sara Vijgen,&nbsp;Jos Van Acker,&nbsp;An Boel,&nbsp;Elizaveta Padalko","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.2000074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.20.2000074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn Belgium, rubella serology is frequently requested in women of childbearing age, despite high vaccination coverage and a near-absence of congenital rubella cases. Different test kits are available and should be standardised by an international standard preparation.AimTo analyse and compare rubella serology practices in Belgian laboratories.MethodsAs part of the mandatory External Quality Assessment programme for rubella serology in Belgium, the national public health institute, Sciensano, sent a voluntary questionnaire concerning anti-rubella IgM/IgG analyses in women aged 15 to 45 years in 2017 to 130 laboratories.ResultsThe questionnaire response rate was 83.8% (109/130). The majority of 169,494 IgG analyses were performed on Roche (55%), Abbott (17%) and Diasorin (13%) analysers. Not all laboratories used the proposed international cut-off of 10 IU/mL. Assumed median seroprevalence ranged from 76.3% with Liaison (Diasorin) to 96.3% with Modular (Roche). Despite very low rubella incidence in Belgium, 93 laboratories performed 85,957 IgM analyses, with 748 positive and 394 grey zone results. The National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella virus and the National Reference Centre for Congenital infections did not confirm any positive rubella cases in 2017.ConclusionThis retrospective analysis shows that rubella serology results may differ considerably according to the assay used. It is therefore important to use the same test when comparing results or performing follow-up testing. The number of anti-rubella IgM analyses was very high. Incorrect use of IgM for screening women of childbearing age can lead to unwarranted anxiety and overuse of confirmation tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39005402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for Euro Surveill. 2020;25(23).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.210325c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.210325c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7995560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective <i>Bacillus</i> Calmette-Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995-2015.","authors":"Antti Kontturi,&nbsp;Satu Kekomäki,&nbsp;Hanna Soini,&nbsp;Jukka Ollgren,&nbsp;Eeva Salo","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.11.1900711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.11.1900711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionIn 2006, the <i>Bacillus</i> Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective.AimWe assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model.ResultsWe identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11).DiscussionPaediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7976386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25504698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours with respect to antibiotics, antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance across 30 EU/EEA countries in 2019.","authors":"Diane Ashiru-Oredope,&nbsp;Susan Hopkins,&nbsp;Sagar Vasandani,&nbsp;Eno Umoh,&nbsp;Olaolu Oloyede,&nbsp;Andrea Nilsson,&nbsp;John Kinsman,&nbsp;Linda Elsert,&nbsp;Dominique L Monnet","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.1900633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.1900633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWhile several studies have assessed knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of the public, physicians and medical students in a number of EU/EEA countries with respect to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, there is a paucity of literature for other healthcare workers. This survey aimed to fill this gap.MethodsA 43-item online questionnaire was developed, validated and pilot-tested through a modified Delphi consensus process involving 87 Project Advisory Group (PAG) members, including national representatives and members of European health professional groups. The survey was distributed by the PAG and via social media to healthcare workers in 30 EU/EEA countries.ResultsRespondents (n = 18,365) from 30 EU/EEA countries participated. Knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic use was higher (97%) than knowledge of development and spread of antibiotic resistance (75%). Sixty percent of respondents stated they had received information on avoiding unnecessary prescribing, administering or dispensing of antibiotics. Among respondents who prescribed, administered or dispensed antibiotics, 55% had provided advice on prudent antibiotic use or management of infections to patients, but only 17% had given resources (leaflets or pamphlets). For community and hospital prescribers, fear of patient deterioration or complications was the most frequent reason (43%) for prescribing antibiotics that were considered unnecessary. Community prescribers were almost twice as likely as hospital prescribers to prescribe antibiotics due to time constraints or to maintain patient relationships.ConclusionIt is important to move from raising awareness about prudent antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among healthcare workers to designing antimicrobial stewardship interventions aimed at changing relevant behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7995558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25518935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for Euro Surveill. 2020;25(28).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.210325d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.210325d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7995562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory syncytial virus in young children: community cohort study integrating serological surveys, questionnaire and electronic health records, Born in Bradford cohort, England, 2008 to 2013.","authors":"Ania Zylbersztejn,&nbsp;Lucy Pembrey,&nbsp;Harvey Goldstein,&nbsp;Guy Berbers,&nbsp;Rutger Schepp,&nbsp;Fiona van der Klis,&nbsp;Charles Sande,&nbsp;Dan Mason,&nbsp;John Wright,&nbsp;Rosalind Smyth,&nbsp;Pia Hardelid","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2000023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants.AimTo describe RSV epidemiology in children in the community in a high-income setting.MethodsWe used stored blood samples from the United Kingdom Born in Bradford cohort study that had been collected at birth, age 1 and 2 years old, tested for IgG RSV postfusion F antibody and linked to questionnaires and primary and hospital care records. We used finite mixture models to classify children as RSV infected/not infected according to their antibody concentrations at age 1 and 2 years. We assessed risk factors for primary RSV infection at each age using Poisson regression models.ResultsThe study cohort included 700 children with cord blood samples; 490 had additional blood samples taken at both ages 1 and 2 years old. Of these 490 children, 258 (53%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 48-57%) were first infected with RSV at age 1, 99 of whom (38%; 95% CI: 33-43%) had been in contact with healthcare during peak RSV season (November-January). Having older siblings, birth in October-June and attending formal childcare were associated with risk of RSV infection in infancy. By age 2, a further 164 of 490 children (33%; 95% CI: 29-38%) had been infected.ConclusionOver half of children experienced RSV infection in infancy, a further one third had evidence of primary RSV infection by age 2, and one in seven remained seronegative by their second birthday. These findings will inform future analyses to assess the cost-effectiveness of RSV vaccination programmes in high-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7879500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25358508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison and correlation of commercial SARS-CoV-2 real-time-PCR assays, Ireland, June 2020.","authors":"Anne Carroll,&nbsp;Eleanor McNamara","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2002079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2002079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the performance of a variety of commercially available SARS-CoV-2 PCR kits, used in several different sites across Ireland to determine if C_t values across platforms are comparable. We also investigate whether a C_t value, a surrogate for calculated viral loads in the absence of viral culture of > 34 can be used to exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. We found a variation in C_t values from different assays for the same calculated viral load; this should be taken into consideration for result interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520613,"journal":{"name":"Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7879503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25362159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}