Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)最新文献

{"title":"Microbiology of breast tissue expanders.","authors":"Maja Molska,&nbsp;Mateusz Wichtowski,&nbsp;Dawid Murawa","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.112561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.112561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infection is one of the most common complications of breast reconstruction. The presence of bacterial biofilm on the implant surface does not always manifest itself clinically as an infection. Still little is known about the factors that trigger the transition from a normal to a pathological state. The aim of study: To examine a specific profile of microorganisms associated with a tissue expander, and to ascertain whether the collection of intraoperative bacteriological swabs constitutes a significant predictive factor. Material and methods: A 2-centre review of outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent immediate 2-stage expander-implant breast reconstruction between June 2020 and September 2021 was conducted. During this period, 68 replacements of expanders with implants from 56 women were performed. A bacteriological swab was taken from each expander compartment, and microbiological culture was performed. Patients' characteristics were taken into consideration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tissue expanders were implanted from 2 to 26 months. Seven patients had an emergency expander removed due to infection or damage to the device. Out of all 56 patients evaluated, 47 had a negative and 9 had a positive culture, 1 in both breasts. The results did not correlate closely with the clinical status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bacteria colonize both clinically normal and infected expanders. It is difficult to determine the specific flora associated with the pocket after expander-based reconstruction, and taking a bacteriological swab each time as a standard does not influence the success of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"291-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/5d/WO-25-46158.PMC8768049.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39736526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of MR-only treatment planning solution for prostate cancer radiotherapy.","authors":"Michał Posiewnik,&nbsp;Tomasz Piotrowski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.112518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.112518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim was to validate the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of radiotherapy treatment plans for prostate cancer based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging only and a solution based on computed tomography (CT) supported by MR imaging.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We used CT and MR images of ten prostate cancer patients implanted with three fiducial markers (FM) in the prostate gland. Rigid registration based on FM was performed to assess the fusion accuracy between MR and CT images. The differences between prostate contours (clinical target volume - CTV) on CT (CTV_CT) and MR (CTV_MR) images were scored using the Dice similarity coefficient and directly comparing the outlined volumes. The volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were designed and optimised on synthetic CT (sCT) to obtain the dose distribution for the MR-only solution. In the next step, the sCT images were replaced by conventional CT images and the plans were recalculated. The doses obtained on sCT and CT were compared by direct dose subtraction and the gamma method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The averaged fiducial registration error was equal to 0.5 mm. All CTV_CT volumes were significantly bigger than corresponding CTV delineated on MR images (<i>p</i> = 0.005). The direct dose comparison shows that for 97.1% of patients' bodies, the differences were smaller than 0.1%. The average gamma passing rates were higher than 0.970.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MR imaging allows for a more precise delineation of the prostate compared to CT imaging. The workflow of plan preparation based on MR and CT is burdened with an FM registration error that is eliminated by an MR-only solution with no compromise on dose distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"249-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/60/WO-25-46150.PMC8768054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of head and neck cancer patients at a tertiary care institution in Poland.","authors":"Mateusz Szewczyk,&nbsp;Jakub Pazdrowski,&nbsp;Paweł Golusiński,&nbsp;Paweł Pazdrowski,&nbsp;Barbara Więckowska,&nbsp;Wojciech Golusiński","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.111310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.111310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of patients at a tertiary hospital in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review of head and neck cancer patients who presented to the multidisciplinary tumour board (MTB) during the 12-month period from March 2020 to February 2021 and compared to patients who presented to the MTB during the prior, pre-pandemic 12-month period from February 2019 to March 2020: Patient demographic and clinical variables were compared: sex, age at diagnosis, distance from hospital, date of first visit, radiological diagnosis, pathology specimen, MTB meeting, and initiation of primary and adjuvant treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of patients who presented to the MTB increased by 22% (278 to 340) from the pre-pandemic to the pandemic period. The mean time from MTB presentation to treatment initiation increased significantly from 17.1 to 21.7 days. The mean time from first visit to treatment start increased from 44.7 to 54.4 days. The proportion of patients with early-stage oropharyngeal cancer who underwent primary surgery rose from 47.3% to 86.6%. The percentage of patients who received palliative radiotherapy increased from 20.5% to 32.9%. The proportion of patients who received best supportive care rose from 1.8% to 6.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One of the most notable findings of this study was the increased time from first visit to treatment initiation, which could negatively impact patient outcomes. The differences in the treatment received in these two periods should be further evaluated to determine their influence on survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"264-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/34/WO-25-45761.PMC8768051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39736523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is new about ovarian malignancies?","authors":"Kinga Grabska,&nbsp;Izabela Pilarska,&nbsp;Marta Magdalena Fudalej,&nbsp;Andrzej Deptała,&nbsp;Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.112037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.112037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent pathologies in gynaecology. This malignancy can be divided into 2 large groups: epithelial and non-epithelial. Because epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) are the most commonly diagnosed, this paper focuses on the latest therapies associated with this disease. Due to the difficult diagnosis, EOC is frequently detected in the advanced stage. The treatment is usually complex and requires specialist knowledge. Advances and new ideas, such as identification of various genes and molecules that can serve as prognostic factors, might increase patients' chances of survival; they may contribute to optimization of patients' treatment, deciding whether to use aggressive treatment strategies, and predicting chemoresistance. Moreover, new strategies might also improve the quality of life of patients. The study aimed to analyse and discuss the latest reports on new methods of managing EOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/9b/WO-25-45941.PMC8768052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most-cited articles in geriatric oncology: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Okan Avci,&nbsp;Erdoğan Selçuk Şeber","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.111278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.111278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We conducted a bibliometric analysis to determine the most impactful articles in the oncologic management of elderly cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We searched Web of Science papers with six keywords: \"geriat*\" OR \"older patient*\" OR \"older adult*\" OR \"elderly\" and \"*cancer\" OR \"oncolog*\". We identified and analyzed the top 100 most-cited articles and abstracted information on topic, journal, first author, year, institution, level of evidence, and the adjusted citation index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 100 most-cited papers, 62 had at least one author from the United States of America. Of the 62 United States papers, 18 had at least one author from Harvard University and 14 had authors from the National Institutes of Health. Among the 50 authors who contributed to the most-cited papers, Hurria is the most prolific author, with nine papers. Lung, breast, and colorectal cancers are the most studied cancer types, and the Geriatric 8 scale is the most studied scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study is the first to analyze the top 100 most-cited studies in geriatric oncology. By comprehensively identifying the authors, institutes, journals, and the levels of evidence of these studies, we have created an easily accessible resource for practicing physicians to reference within this important area of oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"232-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/05/WO-25-45753.PMC8768045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutational landscape of primary and recurrent Ewing sarcoma.","authors":"Paulina Jagodzińska-Mucha,&nbsp;Paweł Sobczuk,&nbsp;Michał Mikuła,&nbsp;Anna Raciborska,&nbsp;Anna Dawidowska,&nbsp;Maria Kulecka,&nbsp;Katarzyna Bilska,&nbsp;Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz,&nbsp;Anna Kluska,&nbsp;Magdalena Piątkowska,&nbsp;Anna Bałabas,&nbsp;Piotr Rutkowski,&nbsp;Iwona Ługowska","doi":"10.5114/wo.2021.112234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2021.112234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive malignancy of bone and soft tissues characterized by the presence of a genetic fusion involving the <i>EWSR1</i> gene. More than one-third of patients develop distant metastases, which are associated with unfavorable prognosis. Knowledge about the disease's genetic landscape may help foster progress in using targeted therapies in the treatment of ES.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The objective is to assess the mutational landscape of ES in pretreatment samples, tumor samples after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and in metastatic/recurrent tumors in children and adults.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>DNA from 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 22 patients (17 adults, 5 children) were analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3gene panel. Additional functional analyses were performed between patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All samples were characterized by low tumor mutation burden (< 10 mut/Mb). The most commonly mutated genes were <i>PIK3R1</i> (59%) and <i>POLE</i> (50%). The most widely detected variants in biopsy samples were <i>PIK3R1 T369I</i> (50%), <i>FGFR1 E159K</i>, and <i>TP53</i> at codon 72 (both in 27.3%). Additionally, the <i>ATR,BRCA1, RAD50,ATM,CHEK1</i>, and <i>NBN</i> genes showed a significantly higher number of mutations in ES. Mutations in <i>PIK3R1</i> were significantly more frequent in adults, while mutations in the pathways responsible for cell cycle control, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation were more frequent in children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Besides <i>EWSR1</i> fusion, ES is characterized by numerous point mutations that are potential targets for precision medicine. There is high genomic heterogeneity that may explain differences in outcomes between patient subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/f9/WO-25-46027.PMC8768047.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy of melanoma.","authors":"Iwona Lugowska,&nbsp;Pawel Teterycz,&nbsp;Piotr Rutkowski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2018.73889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2018.73889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immunotherapy is currently changing the landscape of oncology. Nowadays the standard of care in metastatic or unresectable melanoma patients include immunomodulating modalities such as anti-PD-1 drugs (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab. The improvements of progression free survival and overall survival connected with those treatments were unprecedented and have been confirmed in stage III trials. The efficacy of immunotherapy in metastatic setting can be further upgraded in some groups of patients by combining both types of antibodies. Latest clinical data suggest that treatment with immunotherapy can be also favorable for patients in adjuvant setting. Other treatment approaches based on immunological response (e.g. oncolytic viruses or adoptive cell therapy) have been proven useful in specific clinical situations. The future of melanoma treatment is still evolving, new molecular targets are being invented and hopefully current endeavors will led to further improvement of patients' survival. This review aims to summarize current state of immunotherapy in melanoma and identifying possible directions of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/wo.2018.73889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heme oxygenase inhibition in cancers: possible tools and targets.","authors":"Paulina Podkalicka,&nbsp;Olga Mucha,&nbsp;Alicja Józkowicz,&nbsp;Józef Dulak,&nbsp;Agnieszka Łoboda","doi":"10.5114/wo.2018.73879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2018.73879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by <i>HMOX1</i>) through degradation of pro-oxidant heme into carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) and biliverdin, exhibits cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. All of these potentially beneficial functions of HO-1 may play an important role in tumors' development and progression. Moreover, HO-1 is very often upregulated in tumors in comparison to healthy tissues, and its expression is further induced upon chemo-, radio- and photodynamic therapy, what results in decreased effectiveness of the treatment. Consequently, HO-1 can be proposed as a therapeutic target for anticancer treatment in many types of tumors. Nonetheless, possibilities of specific inhibition of HO-1 are strongly limited. Metalloporphyrins are widely used in <i>in vitro</i> studies, however, they are unselective and may exert serious side effects including an increase in <i>HMOX1</i> mRNA level. On the other hand, detailed information about pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of imidazole-dioxolane derivatives, other potential inhibitors, is lacking. The genetic inhibition of HO-1 by RNA interference (RNAi) or CRISPR/Cas9 approaches provides the possibility to specifically target HO-1; however, the potential therapeutic application of those methods are distant at best. In summary, HO-1 inhibition might be the valuable anticancer approach, however, the ideal strategy for HO-1 targeting requires further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/wo.2018.73879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The revival of CpG oligonucleotide-based cancer immunotherapies.","authors":"Tomasz Adamus,&nbsp;Marcin Kortylewski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2018.73887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2018.73887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The promising results of clinical trials using immune checkpoint inhibitors revived interests in cancer immunotherapy. However, it also became apparent that efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade can benefit from combining it with immunostimulatory strategies. Here, we review prior and re-emerging approaches using Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), focused on the generation of antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. While numerous early clinical trials using TLR9 ligands in monotherapies provided evidence of CpG ODNs tolerability and safety, they failed to demonstrate sufficient antitumor efficacy. Recent studies unraveled multiple levels of negative regulation of immunostimulatory TLR9 signaling in immune cells by the tumor microenvironment that can stifle immune activity in cancer patients. Therefore, CpG ODNs-based strategies can greatly benefit from combination with strategies targeting immune checkpoint regulation. The most recent clinical trials of CpG ODNs together with immune checkpoint inhibitors have a chance to generate novel, more effective and safer cancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/wo.2018.73887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface markers of cancer stem-like cells of ovarian cancer and their clinical relevance.","authors":"Aleksandra Klemba,&nbsp;J Karolina Purzycka-Olewiecka,&nbsp;Gabriel Wcisło,&nbsp;Anna M Czarnecka,&nbsp;Sławomir Lewicki,&nbsp;Bogdan Lesyng,&nbsp;Cezary Szczylik,&nbsp;Claudine Kieda","doi":"10.5114/wo.2018.73885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2018.73885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) are defined as cancer cells with stem cell characteristics. Although CSLCs constitute no more than a few percent of the tumor mass, they play important roles in cancer chemo-resistance, metastasis and disease recurrence. Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the most aggressive gynecological malignancy in which the role of CSLCs is of major significance, although it remains to be specified. The studies describing ovarian CSLC phenotype vary in the definition of the molecular pattern of expression of the main markers such as CD133, CD44, CD117, and CD24. Stem-like features of OC have been shown to correlate with the clinical course of the disease and permit diagnosis, prognosis and treatment outcome to be improved. Identification of CSLC markers could provide hallmarks which, related to the chemo-resistance of the disease, will facilitate treatment selection. This review describes recent advances in research on stem-like cell status in OC, mainly focusing on surface markers of CSLCs and their clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520599,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland)","volume":" ","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/wo.2018.73885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}