BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid injections for chronic tennis elbow.","authors":"Gershon Zinger,&nbsp;Alexander Bregman,&nbsp;Ori Safran,&nbsp;Shaul Beyth,&nbsp;Amos Peyser","doi":"10.1186/s13102-022-00399-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00399-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For most patients, tennis elbow (TE) resolves within 6 months of onset. For those with persistent and painful TE, nonsurgical treatment options are limited. Thousands of studies have tried to find effective treatments for TE but have usually failed. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that injections with hyaluronic acid (HA) would be effective at reducing pain from chronic TE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with a minimum of six months of pain from TE and with a pain level of 50 or greater (out of 100) were included in the study. They were randomized equally into one of two treatment groups: injection with HA or injection with saline control. Follow-up was conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months from the initial injection. Both the patient and the examiner at the follow-up visits were blinded to the treatment arm. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS pain) score at one year. Additional outcome measures included the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) and Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients were randomized into the HA injection treatment arm, and 17 (94%) completed the study. The average age was 51.9 years, and 10 of the subjects were male. Patients had an average of 28.1 months of pain before entering the study. The VAS score in the HA group decreased from a baseline of 76.4-14.3 at 12 months. All 17 patients in the HA group showed VAS score reductions above the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of at least 18. The PRTEE score improved from 67 to 28.1. The QuickDASH score improved from 53.7 to 22.5. Follow-up in the saline group was less than 50% and was therefore not used as a comparator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HA injections yielded significant success in pain relief by three months. Patients continued to improve for the 12-month duration of the study. This study indicates that patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis may benefit from receiving injections of hyaluronic acid rather than having to undergo surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8753848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39928837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The short-term effect of vitamin D supplementation on the response to muscle and liver damages indices by exhaustive aerobic exercise in untrained men: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Vahid Parvizi Mastali,&nbsp;Rastegar Hoseini,&nbsp;Mohammad Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-022-00398-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00398-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced muscle damage typically caused by unaccustomed exercise results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and muscle and liver damages. Antioxidant supplementation might be a useful approach to reduce myocytes and hepatocytes damages. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on the response to muscle and liver damages indices by Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise (EAE) in untrained men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this clinical trial, 24 untrained men were randomly divided into experimental (Exp; n = 12) and control (C; n = 12) groups. Exp received 2000 IU of Vit D daily for six weeks (42 days), while C daily received a lactose placebo with the same color, shape, and warmth percentage. Two bouts of EAE were performed on a treadmill before and after six weeks of supplementation. Anthropometric characteristics (Bodyweight (BW), height, Body Fat Percentage (BFP), Body Mass Index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR)) were measured at the Pre 1 and Pre 2. Blood samples were taken to measure the Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Vit D levels at four stages: Pre 1 (before the first EE session), Post 1 (after the first EE session), Pre 2 (before the second EE session), and Post 2 (after the second EE session). The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni's post hoc test, independent t test, and dependent t-test at the significant level of P < 0.05 using SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show significant differences between Exp and C in alterations of BW (P = 0.039), BMI (P = 0.025), BFP (P = 0.043), and WHR (P = 0.035). The results showed that EAE increased muscle and liver damage indices and Vit D (P < 0.05). Compared with C, the results of the independent t-test showed significantly lower ALT (P = 0.001; P = 0.001), AST (P = 0.011; P = 0.001), GGT (P = 0.018; P = 0.001), and ALP (P = 0.001; P = 0.001); while significantly higher Vit D (P = 0.001, P = 0.001) in the Exp in both Pre 2 and Post 2; receptivity. The independent t test showed significantly lower ALT (P = 0.001; P = 0.001), AST (P = 0.011; P = 0.001), GGT (P = 0.018; P = 0.001), and ALP (P = 0.001; P = 0.001) and considerably greater Vit D (P = 0.001, P = 0.001) in the Exp in both Pre 2 and Post 2 compared to C. The results of an independent t test showed that LDH and CK levels in the Exp were significantly lower than those in the Post 2 (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term Vit D supplementation could prevent myocytes and hepatocytes damage induced by EAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39669933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explanation and verification of the rules of attack in table tennis tactics.","authors":"Xingdong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13102-022-00396-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00396-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rules of attack in table tennis tactics have been discovered by the coaches and researchers of the Chinese table tennis team (CTTT) through long-term practice. However, they are only empirical judgements and have not been objectively verified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The software \"Table Tennis Master\" has been used to analyse 200 matches of top players of CTTT against various opponents in recent years to obtain detailed statistics by analysing the effect of attack in the end line (AIEL) and attack out of the end line (AOEL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) The scoring rate of the players was high after AIEL but very low after AOEL (p < 0.05); (2) the round of service (serve/receive) and level of skills had little influence on the effect of AIEL and AOEL; and (3) the timing of attack had a great influence on the effect of AIEL and AOEL (r > 0.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the high-level table tennis match, the rules of AIEL and AOEL are scientific. In accordance with the rules, the complex tactics can be simplified to the two concepts, AIEL and AOEL.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8742926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39796361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerometer-based prediction of ground reaction force in head-out water exercise with different exercise intensity countermovement jump.","authors":"Kuei-Yu Chien,&nbsp;Wei-Gang Chang,&nbsp;Wan-Chin Chen,&nbsp;Rong-Jun Liou","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00389-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00389-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water jumping exercise is an alternative method to achieve maintenance of bone health and reduce exercise injuries. Clarifying the ground reaction force (GRF) of moderate and high cardiopulmonary exercise intensities for jumping movements can help quantify the impact force during different exercise intensities. Accelerometers have been explored for measuring skeletal mechanical loading by estimating the GRFs. Predictive regression equations for GRF using ACC on land have already been developed and performed outside laboratory settings, whereas a predictive regression equation for GRF in water exercises is not yet established. The purpose of this study was to determine the best accelerometer wear-position for three exercise intensities and develop and validate the ground reaction force (GRF) prediction equation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy women (23.6 ± 1.83 years, 158.2 ± 5.33 cm, 53.1 ± 7.50 kg) were recruited as participants. Triaxial accelerometers were affixed 3 cm above the medial malleolus of the tibia, fifth lumbar vertebra, and seventh cervical vertebra (C7). The countermovement jump (CMJ) cadence started at 80 beats/min and increased by 5 beats per 20 s to reach 50%, 65%, and 80% heart rate reserves, and then participants jumped five more times. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used to determine acceleration differences among wear-positions and exercise intensities. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the correlation between the acceleration and GRF per body weight on land (GRF_VL_BW). Backward regression analysis was used to generate GRF_VL_BW prediction equations from full models with C7 acceleration (C7 ACC), age, percentage of water deep divided by body height (PWDH), and bodyweight as predictors. Paired t-test was used to determine GRF_VL_BW differences between values from the prediction equation and force plate measurement during validation. Lin's CCC and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the agreement between the predicted and force plate-measured GRF_VL_BW.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The raw full profile data for the resultant acceleration showed that the acceleration curve of C7 was similar to that of GRFv. The predicted formula was - 1.712 + 0.658 * C7ACC + 0.016 * PWDH + 0.008 * age + 0.003*weight. Lin's CCC score was 0.7453, with bias of 0.369%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The resultant acceleration measured at C7 was identified as the valid estimated GRF_VL_BW during CMJ in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39659347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of elite and pre-elite athletes' perceptions of key support, lifestyle and performance factors.","authors":"Lauren Burns,&nbsp;Juanita R Weissensteiner,&nbsp;Marc Cohen,&nbsp;Stephen R Bird","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00393-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00393-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Success at the elite level in sport is often attributed to physical prowess, technical skill, and mental attitude. However, underpinning these factors are various lifestyle, support and social factors that may contribute to successful performance, but which may be absent from athlete development programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was used to investigate athlete perceptions of lifestyle practices and support services amongst 135 Australian Olympic, Paralympic, National, and state-level athletes across 25 Olympic sports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>International athletes perceived psychological skills and attributes, along with strong interpersonal relationships as vital to their success, and they also rated 'Recovery practices' as very important and made extensive use of available support services. These athletes also indicated that they would have liked access to these services earlier in their careers, a wish that was reiterated by the sub-elite athletes. Furthermore, athletes wanted greater knowledge, mentoring, and autonomy earlier in their careers, and the importance of 'athlete wellbeing' as well as 'athletic performance' was evident in a number of contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An athlete development system into which these are included may assist in generating an environment that facilitates athlete success, repeated podium performances, retain athletes in high-performance sport for longer, encourage human-flourishing, wellbeing and smooth transitions for retiring athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39784575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of consecutive days of matchplay on maximal hip abductor and adductor strength in female field hockey players.","authors":"Violeta Sánchez-Migallón,&nbsp;Álvaro López-Samanes,&nbsp;Juan Del Coso,&nbsp;Archit Navandar,&nbsp;Per Aagaard,&nbsp;Víctor Moreno-Pérez","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00394-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00394-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two competitive field hockey matches, played on consecutive days, on maximal isometric hip adductor and abductor strength, wellness and fatigue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen professional female field hockey players (age: 20.4 ± 5.4 years; body mass: 60.7 ± 7.2 kg; height: 167.0 ± 1.0 cm) volunteered to participate in this investigation. Maximal isometric hip adductor and abductor strength were obtained before (pre-match 1) and after the first match (post-match 1), after the second match (post-match 2), and 48 h after the second match. Locomotion patterns during the matches were obtained with portable Global Positioning System (GPS) and perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after each match. In addition, Wellness Questionnaire (5-WQ) and the Total Quality Recovery Scale (TQR) were employed before the matches and 48 h after the second match.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the non-dominant limb, the maximal isometric hip adductor and abductor strength were lower after post-match 2 when compared to pre-match 1 (p = 0.011). Hip abductor strength in the non-dominant limb remained reduced 48 h after post-match 2 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the total distance covered when comparing match 1 and match 2. Players reported more acute fatigue (5-WQ, p = 0.009) and increased muscle soreness on pre-match 2 compared to pre-match 1 (p = 0.015), while fatigue returned to pre-competition levels 48 h after post-match 2 (p = 0.027). No changes were observed in the TQR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The assessment of maximal adductor and abductor strength before and after competitive matches, in addition to evaluating self-perceived fatigue by a wellness questionnaire can help to identify field hockey players with excessive fatigue responses during tournaments with a congested match program.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39659343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle synergies for the control of single-limb stance with and without visual information in young individuals.","authors":"L Labanca,&nbsp;M Ghislieri,&nbsp;M Knaflitz,&nbsp;G Barone,&nbsp;L Bragonzoni,&nbsp;V Agostini,&nbsp;M G Benedetti","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00392-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00392-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Single-limb stance is a demanding postural task featuring a high number of daily living and sporting activities. Thus, it is widely used for training and rehabilitation, as well as for balance assessment. Muscle activations around single joints have been previously described, however, it is not known which are the muscle synergies used to control posture and how they change between conditions of normal and lack of visual information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two healthy young participants were asked to perform a 30 s single-limb stance task in open-eyes and closed-eyes condition while standing on a force platform with the dominant limb. Muscle synergies were extracted from the electromyographical recordings of 13 muscles of the lower limb, hip, and back. The optimal number of synergies, together with the average recruitment level and balance control strategies were analyzed and compared between the open- and the closed-eyes condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major muscle synergies, two ankle-dominant synergies, one knee-dominant synergy, and one hip/back-dominant synergy were found. No differences between open- and closed-eyes conditions were found for the recruitment level, except for the hip/back synergy, which significantly decreased (p = 0.02) in the closed-eyes compared to the open-eyes condition. A significant increase (p = 0.03) of the ankle balance strategy was found in the closed-eyes compared to the open-eyes condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy young individuals, single-limb stance is featured by four major synergies, both in open- and closed-eyes condition. Future studies should investigate muscle synergies in participants with other age groups, as well as pathological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39760691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eccentric-only versus concentric-only resistance training effects on biochemical and physiological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Christine Kudiarasu,&nbsp;Wafina Rohadhia,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Katsura,&nbsp;Tomoko Koeda,&nbsp;Favil Singh,&nbsp;Kazunori Nosaka","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00384-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00384-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefits of resistance training for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well documented; however, the effects of exercise with different muscle contraction types such as eccentric versus concentric contractions on physiological outcomes for this population are not clear. This study compared eccentric-only (ECC) and concentric-only resistance training (CON) to test the hypothesis that ECC would be superior to CON to improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, body composition, muscle strength and physical function of patients with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with T2D (50-79 years) were allocated to the ECC (n = 9) or CON group (n = 9). Resistance exercises (chest press, lateral pulldown, bicep curl, triceps extension, leg extension, leg curl, calf raise, abdominal crunch) consisting of 2-3 sets of 10 eccentric-only (5 s) or concentric-only contractions (1-2 s) was performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Changes in blood biomarkers, body composition, muscle strength and physical function from pre- to post-intervention were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 1-10 Borg scale) was lower (p < 0.05) for ECC (2.9 ± 1.2) than CON (5.4 ± 1.1). No significant changes in blood biomarkers were found for both groups. Lean mass increased [effect size (ES) = 0.148, ECC 3.2 ± 6.9%; CON 3.6 ± 2.3%], and fat mass decreased (ES = 0.545, ECC - 6.1 ± 12.4%; CON - 7.1 ± 16.4%) (p < 0.05) similarly. One-repetition maximal strength of each exercise increased (p < 0.05) for both ECC (12-37%) and CON (27-68%). Both groups improved (p < 0.05) 6-min walk distance (ES = 0.083, ECC 12.2 ± 2.3%; CON 12.5 ± 15.3%) and chair rise time (ES = 0.463, ECC - 13.4 ± 25.4%; CON - 20.0 ± 53.3%) but only ECC improved (p < 0.05) the timed up-and-go test (- 11.3 ± 13.6%, ES 0.014). No significant changes in balance tests were found for both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results did not fully support the hypothesis but showed that ECC was as effective as CON to improve body composition, muscle strength, and physical function with lesser RPE. Future studies should investigate whether larger differences between ECC and CON are evident when increasing the exercise frequency and matching the intensities of the two-exercise protocols. Trial registration ACTRN12621001026819 (retrospectively registered on 5th Aug 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8686274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical-tactical analysis of small combat games in male kickboxers: effects of varied number of opponents and area size.","authors":"Ibrahim Ouergui,&nbsp;Slaheddine Delleli,&nbsp;Anissa Bouassida,&nbsp;Ezdine Bouhlel,&nbsp;Helmi Chaabene,&nbsp;Luca Paolo Ardigò,&nbsp;Emerson Franchini","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00391-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00391-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To handle the competition demands, sparring drills are used for specific technical-tactical training as well as physical-physiological conditioning in combat sports. While the effects of different area sizes and number of within-round sparring partners on physiological and perceptive responses in combats sports were examined in previous studies, technical and tactical aspects were not investigated. This study investigated the effect of different within-round sparring partners number (i.e., at a time; 1 vs. 1, 1 vs. 2, and 1 vs. 4) and area sizes (2 m × 2 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 6 m × 6 m) variation on the technical-tactical aspects of small combat games in kickboxing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty male kickboxers (mean ± standard deviation, age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years), regularly competing in regional and national events randomly performed nine different kickboxing combats, lasting 2 min each. All combats were video recorded and analyzed using the software Dartfish.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the total number of punches was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p = 0.011, d = 0.83). Further, the total number of kicks was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 0.99 and d = 0.83, respectively). Moreover, the total number of kick combinations was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.05 and d = 0.95, respectively). The same outcome was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 m × 6 m areas (p = 0.010 and d = - 0.45; p < 0.001 and d = - 0.6, respectively). The number of block-and-parry was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p < 0.001, d = 1.45) and 1 versus 2 (p = 0.046, d = 0.61) and in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 × 6 m areas (p < 0.001; d = 0.47 and d = 0.66, respectively). Backwards lean actions occurred more often in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.009, d = 0.53) and 6 m × 6 m (p = 0.003, d = 0.60). However, the number of foot defenses was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 6 m × 6 m (p < 0.001, d = 1.04) and 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.004, d = 0.63). Additionally, the number of clinches was significantly higher in 1 versus 1 compared with 1 versus 2 (p = 0.002, d = 0.7) and 1 versus 4 (p = 0.034, d = 0.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides practical insights into how to manipulate within-round sparring partners' number and/or area size to train specific kickboxing technical-tactical fundamentals.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8680259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39735870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of contextual factors on physical demands and technical-tactical actions regarding playing position in professional soccer players.","authors":"Adrián Díez,&nbsp;Demetrio Lozano,&nbsp;Jose Luis Arjol-Serrano,&nbsp;Elena Mainer-Pardos,&nbsp;Daniel Castillo,&nbsp;Marcelino Torrontegui-Duarte,&nbsp;Hadi Nobari,&nbsp;Diego Jaén-Carrillo,&nbsp;Miguel Lampre","doi":"10.1186/s13102-021-00386-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00386-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyse the physical demands and technical-tactical actions for each playing position according to game location and final outcome in professional soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample was obtained from twenty-one professional male soccer players, belonged to same soccer team of the Spanish Second Division. Players' physical demands were monitored during each match using a portable 18 Hz GPS unit and 600 Hz triaxial accelerometer. These analysed demands were total distance, moderate speed running distance (>14.4 km·h^-1), high-speed running distance (>19.8. km·h-1), sprint distance (>25.0 km·h^-1), number of accelerations between 2 and 4 m·s^-2 and above 4 m·s^-2, and number of decelerations between 2 and 4 m·s^-2 and above 4 m·s^-2. The data related to technical-tactical actions were obtained from WyScout®, a computerized multiple-camera tracking system based on the OPTA® track analysis tool. The obtained indicators were general, defensive and offensive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all players, higher total distance (p = 0.045; effect size [ES] = 0.24, small effect) was covered and greater deceleration 2-4 m·ss^-2 (p = 0.001; ES = 0.68, medium effect) was performed when the team plays at home and lose and for all players, playing at home and winning demanded higher defensive volume (p =0.014; ES = - 1.49, large effect) and nº interceptions (p =0.031; ES = - 1.40, large effect) in comparison to playing at home and losing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physical demands and technical-tactical actions vary when contextual game factors (i.e., match location and final outcome) are considered. We can confirm that, although the training of physical demands does not influence the final result of the match, the training of technical tactical actions could help to achieve an optimal performance of the team to win matches.</p>","PeriodicalId":520573,"journal":{"name":"BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8680038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39731976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}