Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM最新文献

{"title":"PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Highlights Bone Marrow Involvement by Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in Staging Biopsies: Implications for Diagnosis and Tumor Microenvironment Alterations.","authors":"Wei Xing,&nbsp;Nicholas Mai,&nbsp;Karen Dresser,&nbsp;Benjamin J Chen","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is cell surface glycoprotein that regulates the cellular immune response and serves as a targetable immune checkpoint molecule. Previous studies have demonstrated consistent expression of PD-L1 by Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells, as well as nonmalignant tumor-infiltrating macrophages in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Bone marrow involvement by CHL is uncommon, being present in 5% to 10% of cases, but indicates Ann Arbor stage IV disease. Given the mixed inflammatory infiltrate that characterizes CHL, detection of RS cells in small bone marrow biopsies may be difficult. We sought to investigate the diagnostic utility of PD-L1 expression in staging bone marrow biopsies from patients with newly diagnosed CHL. Forty-four staging bone marrow biopsies from patients with newly diagnosed CHL were examined for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Eight bone marrow biopsies were positive for involvement by CHL (8/44, 18%) and all were positive for PD-L1 (8/8, 100%), including a case that was originally nondiagnostic. Membranous PD-L1 expression was restricted to RS cells and the adjacent nontumor inflammatory cells admixed within areas of fibrosis. Uninvolved bone marrow biopsies and normal-appearing marrow in cases positive for CHL were negative for PD-L1. In comparison, bone marrow biopsies with myelofibrosis caused by myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic disorders were negative for significant PD-L1 staining. PD-L1 expression in RS cells and surrounding inflammatory cells is a sensitive marker for bone marrow involvement by CHL. In cases where RS cells are infrequent, PD-L1 staining in regions of fibrosis may serve as a useful diagnostic clue to involvement by CHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35683305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Smoothelin and Other Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Uterine and Soft Tissue Smooth Muscle Tumors.","authors":"Kim Greg Mayhall,&nbsp;Estelle Oertling,&nbsp;Eleanor Lewin,&nbsp;John Schmieg,&nbsp;Helena LeBeau,&nbsp;Tong Wu,&nbsp;Byron Crawford","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoothelin is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in differentiated smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical evaluation of smoothelin has previously been reported in gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle tumors, but has yet to be studied in smooth muscle tumors of uterine and other soft tissue origin. DOG1 expression is reported to be specific for GI stromal tumors; however, variable expression has been reported in leiomyosarcomas (LMS) depending on site of origin. Overexpression of p16 is common in LMS of uterine and other sites of origin, but has not been correlated with tumor grade. This study explores the differential expression of these markers, as well as caldesmon, in LMS cases to assess diagnostic utility. Using tissue microarrays and cases from Tulane Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, expression of smoothelin, DOG1, caldesmon, and p16 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 87 cases of LMS. The cases were subdivided by location of origin into uterine (N=31) and nonuterine (N=56) with 10 of the nonuterine of GI origin, as well as by grade into low grade (N=27) and intermediate and high grade (N=60). Differential expression among different grades and locations was evaluated. The same markers were evaluated in atypical leiomyoma cases (N=4) and 1 smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential case (N=1). Smoothelin expression was also assessed in 20 benign uterine leiomyomas. Weak DOG1 expression is rare but possible in extrauterine LMS. Expression of p16 is common in both uterine and extrauterine LMS, and more frequent in higher grades. Expression of smoothelin in this study differed depending on tumor type, grade, and site of origin. All leiomyomas and most atypical leiomyomas showed cytoplasmic positivity for smoothelin, whereas only 5% of LMS had cytoplasmic expression. The study suggests smoothelin may be downregulated in the cytoplasm of malignant smooth muscle tumor cells and may serve as a supportive aid in the distinction of LMS from benign smooth muscle tumors in cases where it is difficult by morphology alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"386-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35297231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathologic Significance of Intestinal-type Molecules' Expression and Different EGFR Gene Status in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Chang Feng,&nbsp;Man Feng,&nbsp;Yujun Gao,&nbsp;Xiaogang Zhao,&nbsp;Chuanliang Peng,&nbsp;Xiangshan Yang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variant pulmonary adenocarcinoma with intestinal-type molecules shares similar molecular expression with colorectal carcinoma. However, expression of such molecules and their association with survival time with clinicopathologic parameters, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene status in other types of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, has been rarely demonstrated. Sixty patients with resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma were divided into the enteric differentiation group (I group, n=30) and the usual group (U group, n=30). Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Villin, CK20, and caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2). EGFR gene status was examined by Fluorescence Quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn by GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05) in the expression of Villin, CK20, and CDX2, whereas the expression of CEA showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the U group, patients in the I group were mainly female individuals and in clinical stages III to IV, prone to lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The patients in the I group with CDX2CK20 phenotype (tumor size>5 cm) had a shorter survival time (P<0.05), and EGFR gene status was not associated with median survival time and the expression of CEA, Villin, CK20, and CDX2 (P>0.05). Thus, our research indicates that patients with enteric differentiation have unique clinical characteristics and different prognosis, which may play important roles in diagnosis and choosing therapeutic strategies for pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35870223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYD88, CARD11, and CD79B Oncogenic Mutations are Rare Events in the Indian Cohort of De Novo Nodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Vaishali Aggarwal,&nbsp;Ashim Das,&nbsp;Amanjit Bal,&nbsp;Radhika Srinivasan,&nbsp;Reena Das,&nbsp;Gaurav Prakash,&nbsp;Pankaj Malhotra,&nbsp;Subhash Varma","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has a heterogenous biological behavior, and the western literature has reported activating oncogenic mutations in myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88), in conjunction with B-cell receptor signaling pathway genes, CARD11 and CD79B as the driving force for activating the NF-κB pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. The mutation profile of MYD88 genes was evaluated by Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 97 patients [DLBCL (N=55), non-DLBCL lymphomas (N=30), reactive lymphadenopathy (N=10), and 2 cases of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (positive control)]. The mutation profile of CARD11 and CD79B were evaluated in 70 patients [DLBCL (N=30), non-DLBCL lymphomas (N=30), and reactive lymphadenopathy (N=10). MYD88 and NF-κB mRNA expression was also evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These 55 cases of DLBCL were classified into germinal center B-cell and activated B-cell phenotypes using Hans algorithm, of which 58% were of activated B-cell phenotype and 42% were of germinal center B-cell phenotype. MYD88 mutation was seen in 3.6% (2/55) of DLBCL cases, indicating a lower frequency in Indian de novo DLBCL. The mutations detected were novel 33 bp deletion g.7735_7767del (p.V294_S305del) and a splice-acceptor site mutation in exon 5 of MYD88, different from the reported hotspot mutation MYD88 L265P. CARD11 and CD79B mutations were absent in DLBCL and other lymphoma subtypes. MYD88 transcript expression did not correlate with mutational status. NF-κB showed significant overexpression in MYD88 mutation-negative (P=0.004) DLBCL cases indicating that its regulation is independent of MYD88, CARD11, and CD79B mutations, implying the existence of alternative activating pathways. In silico analysis of 2 novel mutations predicted disruptive structural changes in the B-B loop of the translated protein whose biological significance needs further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"311-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39965785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance of the Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptide OATP4A1 in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients: Association With Disease Relapse.","authors":"Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch,&nbsp;Maidah Sheikh,&nbsp;Christoph Ausch,&nbsp;Simone Zotter,&nbsp;Heike Bauer,&nbsp;Marina Mollik,&nbsp;Angelika Reiner,&nbsp;Andreas Gleiss,&nbsp;Walter Jäger,&nbsp;Christian Sebesta,&nbsp;Stephan Kriwanek,&nbsp;Theresia Thalhammer","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The abundance of OATP4A1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) might be related to tumor progression. This was studied by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded samples obtained from 178 patients (43 patients with a relapse within 5 y) with early-stage CRC. Positivity for OATP4A1 in tumor cells and noncancerous mucosal cells was proved by double-immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against OATP4A1 and keratin 8, whereas antibodies against appropriate CD markers were used to identify immune cells. Automated microscopic image analysis was used to measure the percentage of OATP4A1-positive cells and OATP4A1 staining intensity in tumor, immune, and adjacent normal-looking mucosal cells separately, as well as in the mucosal and immune cells of 14 nonmalignant tissue samples. In CRC the percentage of OATP4A1-positive cells, but not staining intensity, was significantly higher in tumor and mucosal cells adjacent to the tumor compared to the mucosa of nonmalignant samples (P<0.001 each). No difference was registered between immune cells in malignant and nonmalignant samples. Importantly, high levels of OATP4A1 in immune (odds ratio, 0.73; confidence interval, 0.63-0.85; P<0.001), and tumor cells (odds ratio, 0.79; confidence interval, 0.69-0.91; P<0.001) are significantly associated with a low risk of recurrence and also significantly enhance the discriminative power of other clinical parameters [such as International Union Against Cancer (UICC), adjuvant therapy, localization of the primary tumor] of the risk of relapse (receiver operating characteristics analysis; P=0.002). Using an advanced digital microscopic quantification procedure, we showed that OATP4A1 abundance is negatively associated with tumor recurrence in early-stage CRC. This digital scoring procedure may serve as a novel tool for the assessment of potential prognostic markers in early-stage CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40435878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Changes in Immunohistochemical Stains Caused by Postmortem Delay and Fixation Time.","authors":"Yasmin Lundström,&nbsp;Patrik Lundström,&nbsp;Svetlana N Popova,&nbsp;Rickard P F Lindblom,&nbsp;Irina Alafuzoff","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we have systematically assessed the influence of postmortem delay (PMD) and fixation time (FT) on the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining outcome. The IHC method is frequently applied on surgical and postmortem samples in diagnostics and research. To replicate the routine situation, brain tissues from pigs were exposed to either storage in a refrigerator (+8°C), that is, PMD (1 to 168 h), or fixed in 10% buffered formalin, that is, FT (18 to 94 d). Subsequently, the tissue was routinely processed into paraffin blocks to enable construction of tissue microarrays (TMA). Sections cut from the TMA blocks were stained applying 13 different antibodies directed against neuronal and glial antigens. Immunoreactivity applying 5 antibodies was influenced by prolonged PMD and applying 2 antibodies by prolonged FT. None of the staining outcomes related to the PMD or FT were predictable. Loss of TMA cores during processing was primarily influenced by pretreatment and by tissue characteristics (gray/white matter). The test model described here confirmed that these 2 variables, PMD and FT, indeed influence the IHC outcome. The PMD and FT are particularly of importance while assessing tissue samples obtained at autopsy. The result above is also of importance while comparing the IHC outcomes seen in the postmortem setting (various PMD/FT) with surgical samples or with IHC outcome seen in experimental animal setting (controlled PMD/FT). Thus, we suggest that the test model described here is considered when assessing the reliability of the IHC outcome when analyzing tissues with various characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Serous Peritoneal Cancer Revealing Itself With Double Breast Cancer Metastases in 2 Different Periods.","authors":"Kemal Beksac,&nbsp;Cigdem Irkkan,&nbsp;Guldeniz Argun,&nbsp;Bahadir Cetin","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 72-year-old woman presented with a mass on the right axilla. This was thought to be an occult breast cancer case, and the patient was treated with modified radical mastectomy, followed by hormonotherapy. Two years later she presented with incarcerated umbilical hernia. Pathology revealed Sister Mary Joseph's nodule inside the hernia sac. Further evaluation revealed that the primary tumor was papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneal surface. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. Two years later the metastatic tumor was located on the other breast. The disease progressed gradually, and the patient eventually died from disseminated disease. This case is extraordinary in that it first presented with axillary metastasis without abdominal involvement and then later metastasized to the other breast after a long disease-free period.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"e5-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39983103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of CAS/CSE1L, the Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein, Correlates With Neoplastic Progression in Barrett's Esophagus.","authors":"Kun Jiang,&nbsp;Kevin Neill,&nbsp;Daniel Cowden,&nbsp;Jason Klapman,&nbsp;Steven Eschrich,&nbsp;José Pimiento,&nbsp;Mokenge P Malafa,&nbsp;Domenico Coppola","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying the molecular switch responsible for the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and initiation of adenocarcinoma (ADC) is clinically essential and it will have a profound impact on patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The cellular apoptosis susceptibility gene CAS/CSE1L is overexpressed in various cancers, including a rare report on esophageal ADC; however, its expression in BE neoplasia has not been addressed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We investigated the expression of the CAS/CSE1L protein immunohistochemically in 56 esophageal resection specimens for ADC arising in BE. For each specimen, a full representative section of the invasive ADC was selected to include, when possible, BE, low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Samples were stained for CAS/CSE1L expression using a rabbit polyclonal antibody recognizing the N-terminus of human CAS/CSE1L. Protein expression levels were measured using the Allred semiquantitative scoring system. The data were evaluated using χ statistical analysis. Gene expression Omnibus was queried for CAS/CSE1L and BE neoplasia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found minimal to absent CAS/CSE1L in all BE tissue samples; however, CAS/CSE1L was upregulated in 60% of LGD and overexpressed in HGD and ADC. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). The localization of CAS/CSE1L protein was nuclear in BE; it became nuclear and cytoplasmic in LGD and HGD, and predominantly cytoplasmic in ADC. A similar progressive increase was observed for CAS/CSE1L gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings show changes in CAS/CSE1L during BE progression. CAS/CSE1L may represent a potential marker for dysplasia/carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"552-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39982492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folate Receptor Alpha Expression in Platinum Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Carcinomas and Primary Endocervical Adenocarcinomas.","authors":"Lisa A Rubinsak,&nbsp;Cynthia Cohen,&nbsp;Namita Khanna,&nbsp;Ira R Horowitz,&nbsp;Krisztina Z Hanley","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment of advanced stage ovarian carcinoma is challenging, and despite surgical treatment and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate is estimated around 30%. Early recurrence and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy are associated with poor prognosis and limited response to available second-line chemotherapy. The relative incidence of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) compared with squamous cell carcinoma is increasing. Although the first-line treatment modality for early stage EAC is surgical resection, for locally advanced disease chemoradiation or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used. Recently, folate along with its receptor alpha (FRA) has been studied as a potential target in gynecologic malignancy. The objective of this study was to elucidate FRA expression in chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer and primary EAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FRA expression was evaluated in tissue samples in an epithelial ovarian tumor microarray and 2 study groups: platinum resistant ovarian cancer and primary EAC. Staining intensity was analyzed with a semiquantitative staining algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FRA expression was positive in 32 of 40 (80%) ovarian tumors in the control group. In the platinum resistant ovarian cancer group, FRA was expressed in all 30 samples with moderate to strong staining. None of the EAC samples stained positive for FRA expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FRA expression occurs frequently in epithelial ovarian cancer. Our data supports that FRA expressions are maintained after chemotherapy treatment. Folate targeted therapies may be most useful in patients with chemotherapy resistant disease based on high levels of FRA expression in these tumors. There is likely no benefit to folate therapy as an adjuvant treatment in EAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"567-572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39982126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Collagen IV and Cytokeratin 5/6 Immunohistochemistry in Identifying Subtypes of Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa.","authors":"Ahmed Alhumidi","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000000471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) constitute a genodermatosis group with variable clinical severity. Biopsies diagnosed as EB in the last 4 years were retrieved from the database of the king Khalid University Hospital and military hospital lab at Saudi Arabia. The current study was performed to examine the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemistry, as compared with electron microscopic examination, for subclassification of HEB. Fourteen cases were studied. Collagen IV immunostain was located above the blister in all dystrophic EB cases, and below the blister in all cases of epidermolytic and junctional EB. Cytokeratin 5/6 was visible above the blister in all cases of dystrophic and junctional types EB. In 2 out of 4 cases of epidermolytic EB, cytokeratin 5/6 was seen only above the cleft, whereas 1 case revealed positivity above and below the blister. One epidermolytic EB case showed scattered fragments of keratinocytes inside the blister.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"586-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39982271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}