Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM最新文献

{"title":"Immunohistochemistry New Instrument Validations: Why Your Validation Plan Matters.","authors":"Sebastian Fernandez-Pol, Kelly Young, Ivy Mangonon, Ellen Gomulia, Yasodha Natkunam, Megan L Troxell","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001306","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Validation in immunohistochemistry is a well-established and regulated process when it pertains to assays. However, little guidance currently exists on how to best validate automated instrumentation, including validation of a completely new platform or validation of a new instrument of the same make and model. Here, we share insights gained from our laboratory's recent instrument validations, identifying key challenges such as variability in stain intensity related to tissue location on slides and the prevalence of \"cold zones\" affecting stain interpretation. Through these scenarios, we emphasize the importance of a robust validation plan that incorporates diverse assay-tissue combinations, strategic tissue placement, and the evaluation of larger tissue sections. In addition, we advocate for vendors to enhance their instrument testing protocols to proactively identify subtle performance issues. We propose a framework for more effective validation strategies, including emerging quantitative technologies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Expression Correlates With Tumor Grade and Prognostic Outcome in Meningiomas.","authors":"Sanjana S James, Hari S Malla, Vishnupriya Gopalakrishnan, Mukund N Sable, Arunkumar Sekar, Sumit Bansal, Saroj K Das Majumder, Suvendu Purkait","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001301","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study assessed the expression of different isoforms of PPAR, an important regulator of cell metabolism and proliferation, in meningiomas and correlated it with different clinicopathological variables and clinical outcomes. A total of 238 meningiomas were studied, including grade 1 (n=133), grade 2 (n=66), grade 3 (n=2), and brain-invasive otherwise benign meningiomas (BIOB) (n=37). The expression of PPAR-γ, phosphorylated PPAR-γ, and PPAR-β was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A semiquantitative grading was used to classify the cases into high and low expression. High nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of PPAR-γ was significantly more frequent in grade 2 meningiomas than in grade 1 or BIOB ( P =0.023, 0.006 for nuclear expression, and 0.001, 0.004 for cytoplasmic expression, respectively). It was also associated with higher proliferative activity and p53 positivity ( P =0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Phosphorylated PPAR-γ and PPAR-β expression did not show any association with grade. PPAR-γ immunoreactivity, extent of resection, and histologic grade were associated with overall survival (OS) [ P =0.031 (nuclear)/0.005 (cytoplasmic), 0.002, and <0.001, respectively]. Interestingly, BIOB cases had OS similar to grade 2 tumors, significantly shorter than that of their grade 1 counterparts. Further, high PPAR-γ expression was associated with better outcomes with no death in patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy. The present study, for the first time, highlights that PPAR expression is implicated in the pathobiology of meningiomas and has prognostic implications, especially in cases receiving radiotherapy. Considering the availability of PPAR modulatory drugs, it may be an important therapeutic target. In addition, the meticulous examination of the brain invasion still holds significant promise for prognostication.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":"34 2","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD71 Expression in Hodgkin Cells.","authors":"Dennis P O'Malley, Skyler Stephan, Andrew M Bellizzi","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001294","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary and Analysis of Molecular Biological Changes, PD-L1 Immune Status and Clinicopathological Features of 78 Cases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (<1 cm in Diameter) Combined With Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis.","authors":"Xiaoteng Sun, Zhengyan He, Weijie Yu, Baoyuan Li, Xinmiao Xu, Xiaoqin Zhang, Minglong Yin","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001297","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001297","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To observe and analyze the variation status of BRAF, K-RAS, N-RAS, RET, TERT and PIK3CA genes and the expression of PD-L1 immune factors in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (&lt;1 cm in diameter) combined with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, and to further explore the potential relationship and significance between the above 7 indexes and clinical ultrasound pathology and multiple parameters of ER, PR, and KI-67 protein. Seventy-eight cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (&lt;1 cm in diameter) combined with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis diagnosed after the first treatment in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from April 1, 2013, to April 1, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed (another 102 cases were not included in this study due to incomplete information), and the relevant clinical ultrasonic pathologic data were collected. The tumor DNA was extracted and the mutations of BRAF, K-RAS, N-RAS, RET, TERT, and PIK3CA were analyzed by ARMS fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expressions of PD-L1, ER, PR, and KI-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry. There were 78 patients of papillary thyroid carcinoma (&lt;1 cm in diameter) combined with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, including 20 males (mean age: 32.75 y) and 58 females (mean age: 49.97 y). Other clinical ultrasound pathologic parameters include: (1) preoperative serological thyroid function analysis includes TSH, FT4, FT3, TGAB, ATPO, and TRAB. (2) Ultrasound abnormalities include calcification, aspect ratio ≥1, unclear boundary and irregular shape. (3) Pathologic image analysis included tumor size, capsule invasion, extraglandular strap muscle invasion, the number of lymph node metastasis and the expression of ER, PR, and KI-67. (4) Postoperative I131 treatment. Combined molecular detection showed that, in 78 cases, BRAF gene mutation was the most common (52 cases), followed by N-RAS gene mutation (30 cases), then K-RAS (12 cases), TERT (7 cases), and RET (4 cases), while PIK3CA gene was wild-type. BRAF and K-RAS gene mutations only appeared in female patients. The former was related to 7 parameters: patient sex ( P =0.000), onset age ( P =0.000), TSH ( P =0.000), ultrasonic aspect ratio ( P =0.030), tumor size ( P =0.002), ER ( P =0.000), and PR ( P =0.003). The latter was related to 5 parameters: sex ( P =0.000), onset age ( P =0.008), TSH ( P =0.018), TGAB ( P =0.049), and strap muscle invasion ( P =0.021). Only one case of N-RAS gene mutation was male, and the other 29 cases were female. It was related to 5 parameters: patient sex ( P =0.000), onset age ( P =0.001), TF4 ( P =0.027), strap muscle invasion ( P =0.048), and KI-67 index ( P =0.009). TERT gene mutation was slightly more in men (4 cases) than in women (3 cases), which was not only related to sex ( P =0.045), but also related to strap muscle invasion( P =0.013). The RET gene mutation was associated with capsule invasion ( P =0.031) and strap muscle invasion ( P =0.022). Single gene, double gene and triple ","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of CD57⁺ Natural Killer Cells and CD138⁺ Plasma Cells as Minor Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Mixed Cellularity Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.","authors":"Sally Salah Abdel-Hakeem, Eman Ahmed Abda, Sanaa Mohamed Sotohy, Raghda Wageh Ahmed Mahfouz","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000001312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression and treatment response of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Although the contribution of major immune cells like T lymphocytes and macrophages has been widely studied, the prognostic impact of minor populations such as natural killer (NK) cells and plasma cells remains unclear. This study investigates the prognostic significance of plasma cells and NK cells in the TME of CHL, using CD138 and CD57 immunostaining, respectively. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 cases of CHL of the mixed cellularity subtype. Specimens were obtained as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from the Pathology Department of the South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University. Immunohistochemical staining for CD57 and CD138 was performed to evaluate NK cells and plasma cells within the TME. A tumor immune profiling was proposed to assess its prognostic significance, based on digital quantification of immune cell infiltration. High CD57+ NK cell infiltration was significantly associated with favorable clinical features, including early-stage disease, absence of B symptoms, good treatment response, and improved overall survival. In contrast, high CD138+ plasma cell expression was associated with advanced-stage disease. These findings suggest that CD57+ NK cells and CD138+ plasma cells may contribute to the prognostic landscape of CHL. Understanding the functional roles of these cells within the TME may enable more personalized and immune-informed strategies for CHL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talin-1, Vinculin, and FAK Expressions are Associated With Clinicopathological Behavior in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Mineui Hong, Soon Auck Hong, Ki Rim Lee, Jeong Won Kim, Joo Young Kim","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000001310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dysregulation of cellular adhesion molecules can induce aggressive tumor behavior and malignant progression. Talin-1, vinculin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are focal adhesion molecules whose expression has prognostic significance in various cancers. We evaluated talin-1, vinculin, and FAK expressions and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Low talin-1 expression was identified in 170 (54.0%) cases and was significantly correlated with large tumor size, high pT classification, perineural invasion, involved resection margin, high tumor stromal percentage (TSP), low Klintrup-Mäkinen (KM) grade, and low vinculin expression. Low vinculin expression was identified in 157 (49.8%) patients and was significantly associated with high pT classification, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, high TSP, and low KM grade. High FAK expression was identified in 158 (50.1%) cases and significantly correlated with perineural invasion. Patients with low talin-1 and vinculin expressions had significantly worse overall survival than patients with high expressions ( P <0.001 and P =0.041, respectively). High FAK expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients with CRC ( P =0.022). Low talin-1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with CRC ( P <0.001). Low talin-1 and vinculin expressions and high FAK expression correlated with aggressive clinicopathological behaviors and poor overall survival in patients with CRC. Low talin-1 expression was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor and may be a useful therapeutic target in patients with CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimethylated H3K4 and Acetylated H3K14 Expression as Prognostic Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Daniella C Borges, Anaíra R G F Costa, Morun Bernardino Neto, Flávia S Matsuo, Marília F Andrade, João P S Servato, Adriano M Loyola, Sérgio V Cardoso, Alberto da Silva Moraes, Felipe A C da Luz, Paulo R de Faria","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000001304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) H3K4me2, H3K4me3, and H3K14ac in OSCC and their relationship with metastasis and prognosis. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 90 OSCC patients were retrospectively retrieved and immunostained. The sample was divided into primary nonmetastatic (PNM) and primary metastatic (PM) tumors. Nuclear HPTM expression was digitally measured using the integrated optical density index (IOD), and expression levels were divided into low and high based on the median IOD values. Results: All tumor samples were positive. The median H3K14ac IOD was significantly higher in the PM than in the PNM group. High H3K4me2 expression was frequently observed in small and initial tumors, while high H3K4me3 was observed in recurrent OSCC. The ROC curves indicate that H3K14ac might be explored as a screening test for metastasis, showing a sensitivity of 0.81. High H3K4me3-expressing patients had lower survival probabilities and a 3-fold increased risk of death. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that methylation and acetylation of lysine residues 4 and 14 of histone H3 are potential biomarkers of OSCC prognosis and metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical and Prognostic Roles of CCL8 in Urinary Bladder Cancer and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.","authors":"Yu-Che Hsieh, Chien-Feng Li, Chung-Han Ho, Steven K Huang, Tzu-Chuan Huang, Yow-Ling Shiue","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000001307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the clinical and prognostic roles of C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) to refine patient classification and enhance treatment strategies in precision medicine. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis using the GSE32894 data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus, including data from 308 patients with UBUC. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathologic details, and survival data of 295 patients with UBUC and 340 patients with UTUC who underwent definitive surgery between 1998 and 2004. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed on tumor specimens to assess CCL8 expression. Statistical analyses were conducted using the χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazards models. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CCL8 expression was significantly upregulated in invasive UBUC. High CCL8 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, nodal metastasis, high histologic grade, and poor prognosis in patients with UBUC and UTUC. Multivariate analysis identified high CCL8 expression as an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (P<0.001) and metastasis-free survival (P<0.001). In conclusion, high CCL8 expression negatively impacts the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with UBUC and UTUC. CCL8 has the potential to be a prognostic biomarker, aiding in patient stratification and treatment planning. Further multicenter studies with longer follow-up periods and functional validation are required to confirm these findings and fully understand the role of CCL8 in urothelial carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of Sox9 and CD34 in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients.","authors":"Heba A S Bazid, Alaa H Marae, Hadeer E Gaber, Rania A Abdallah","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001308","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of hair loss. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and their progeny play a pivotal role in hair regeneration. Pathologic modifications of those stem cells are responsible for dysregulation of hair growth and subsequently hair loss. So we aimed to study the immunohistochemical expression of sex determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) in androgenetic alopecia patients. This case-control study included 40 subjects: 14 males with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and 6 females with female pattern hair loss (FPHL), in addition to 20 age, sex and site-matched healthy volunteers as a control group. All subjects were subjected to history taking followed by examination. Scalp biopsies were taken from all subjects, followed by immunohistochemical analysis to detect Sox9 and CD34 expression. It was found that CD34 was expressed in all control scalp biopsies in comparison to 60% of frontal bald skin samples of AGA patients. Similar decline in CD34 staining was observed in frontal biopsies when compared with hairy occipital skin of the same AGA patient. Sox9 was expressed with the highest intensities and percentage in all samples of frontal bald, occipital hairy together with control scalp biopsies. We concluded that the diminish in expression of CD34+ progenitor cells in the studied AGA frontal bald biopsies in addition to preserved expression of Sox9 + HFSCs could suggest that dysregulated conversion of HFSCs to progenitors may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic and Clinicopathological Evaluation of NOTCH-1 Expression in Endometrial Carcinoma.","authors":"Yeliz Arman Karakaya, Nursinem Alkan Vurgun","doi":"10.1097/PAI.0000000000001305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000001305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy. NOTCH-1, a transmembrane receptor involved in cell fate regulation, may act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on context. Although NOTCH signaling is implicated in many cancers, its role in EC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NOTCH-1 protein expression and a wide range of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical parameters, as well as its prognostic significance in EC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 259 patients with EC were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for NOTCH-1 was performed on tumor tissue sections. Associations between NOTCH-1 expression and clinicopathological features (age, tumor grade, FIGO stage, and invasion patterns) and immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, PTEN, CerbB2, and MSI) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NOTCH-1 expression was positive in 37 (14.3%) cases. No significant association was found between NOTCH-1 expression and age, tumor grade, FIGO stage, or invasion-related parameters. However, PR positivity (P=0.01) and high p53 expression (P=0.01) were significantly more frequent in the NOTCH-1 positive group. There were no significant correlations with ER, Ki-67, PTEN, MSI, or CerbB2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NOTCH-1 expression was not associated with key clinicopathological or survival parameters in this cohort. While some molecular correlations were observed, NOTCH-1 does not appear to have strong prognostic utility in EC. Further research integrating molecular classification and long-term follow-up is needed to clarify its potential role in tumor biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520562,"journal":{"name":"Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}