Bulletin KNOB最新文献

{"title":"‘Een forse gevel tusschen twee slanke torens gevat’","authors":"Paula Van der Heiden, H. Hundertmark","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.4.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.4.766","url":null,"abstract":"De voorgevel van de Grote Zaal of Ridderzaal van het Binnenhof te Den Haag is een van de meest bekende gevels van het land. De imponerende façade is omstreeks 1295 door graaf Floris V gebouwd als Schauseite van de monumentale zaal. De voorgevel met zijn twee torens is tijdens een recent uitgevoerd bouwhistorisch onderzoek onderwerp van nadere bestudering geweest.\u0000Het is bekend dat de gevel tussen 1861 en 1900 sterk gerestaureerd is, maar de centrale vraag van dit artikel is in hoeverre de laat dertiende-eeuwse gevel is aangepast. Daarbij richtte het onderzoek zich voornamelijk op de aanpassingen van de topgevel en de oorspronkelijkheid van de twee flankerende torens. Een nieuwe bouwhistorische analyse laat zien dat de gevellijn van de topgevel in deze periode meerdere keren is aangepast waarbij de topgevel een stuk forser is geworden.\u0000Van de torens stond tot nu toe niet vast dat ze tot het oorspronkelijk ontwerp behoorden. Door de asymmetrische positie en het verschil in afmetingen tussen de twee torens is wel gedacht dat de torens niet gelijktijdig met de zaal zijn gebouwd en eventueel later zijn verhoogd. De tafelmenten die de torenspitsen ondersteunen zijn in 1998 dendrochronologisch gedateerd op ca. 1295, echter doordat er ook zeventiende-eeuws hout is verwerkt is er destijds verondersteld dat het dertiende-eeuwse hout mogelijk is hergebruikt. Een nieuwe analyse van de telmerken van de tafelmenten maakt het aannemelijk dat de tafelmenten weldegelijk uit de bouwperiode stammen, waaruit blijkt dat de huidige hoogte van de torens de oorspronkelijk is: beide torens maakten deel uit van het dertiende-eeuwse ontwerp.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grootschalig bouwen in een historische context","authors":"P. Meurs","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.4.771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.4.771","url":null,"abstract":"Tussen 1970 en 1992 kreeg de nieuwbouw van de Tweede Kamer gestalte. Daarbij was de vraag hoe dit grote complex zich in het historische Binnenhof moest voegen. Dit artikel beschrijft het ontwerpproces, de achterliggende ideeën en het resultaat.\u0000Voor de nieuwbouw werd in 1975 een architectenprijsvraag uitgeschreven. De opgave was de Tweede Kamer te huisvesten volgens een gedetailleerd programma van eisen en het complex zorgvuldig in te passen in het beschermde stadsgezicht van het Binnenhof. Volgens de jury voldeed geen enkele inzending hieraan. Het ontwerp van OMA leidde tot discussie. Het brak de bebouwing rondom het Binnenhof open en plaatste de nieuwbouw naast de Ridderzaal. De radicaliteit van de ingreep stuitte de jury tegen de borst. Na de mislukte prijsvraag werden drie architecten uitgenodigd voor een meervoudige opdracht. Andermaal voldeden de ontwerpen niet en de randvoorwaarden werden bijgesteld. Architect Pi de Bruijn voelde volgens de beoordelingscommissie de opgave het beste aan. Hij werd in 1980 aangesteld als architect.\u0000Bepalend voor het vervolg was een advies van de Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg, waarmee de stedenbouwkundige structuur nauwkeurig werd bewaard. Nieuwbouw kon zich alleen tonen aan het Plein en op hoek Hofplaats-Lange Poten. Een belangrijke vraag was hoe uit de mix van oude en nieuwe gebouwen een helder parlementsgebouw kon ontstaan. De Bruijn streefde naar helderheid en afleesbaarheid. Hij zag de nieuwbouw als centrale hal van de Tweede Kamer en publieke passage in de stad; een openbare route als uiting van de transparantie en nabijheid van het parlement voor de burgers. Architectonisch zocht hij naar een rustig beeld en een overzichtelijke hal, die eenheid en samenhang zouden uitstralen. In de materialisatie werd dit bereikt door een uitvoering van vloeren en binnen- en buitengevels in graniet.\u0000Nog voor de opening besloot de Kamervoorzitter het gebouw niet openbaar toegankelijk te maken; de centrale hal werd een deel van het interieur. De ambitie om de Tweede Kamer open en toegankelijk te maken mislukte en het complex manifesteert zich naar buiten als een gesloten vesting. De vraag wat een waardig regeringscentrum is en welke architectonische uitdrukking daarbij hoort werd nooit gesteld. In plaats daarvan ging het om functionaliteit, inpassing in het stadsgezicht, het verbinden van oud en nieuw, het zichtbaar maken van het politieke bedrijf en het streven van eenvoud en rust. Dit vertaalde zich in een strak nieuwbouwvolume dat tussen de bestaande gebouwen is geschoven. Tegenover de eenvoud van het grote gebaar, staat de wanordelijke aansluiting waarmee de nieuwbouw landt op de allesbehalve eenvoudige en eenduidige contramal van de omringende historische gebouwen. ","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48169242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Batavische constantie’","authors":"J. E. Abrahamse, E. Schmitz","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.757","url":null,"abstract":"Based on archival research, this article describes the actions taken by the city government to put Amsterdam into a state of defence during 1672, the so-called Disaster Year. Particular attention is paid to the spatial consequences of these measures. In the spring of 1672, the Dutch Republic was attacked by an alliance between France, England, Cologne and Münster. The French army’s advance was eventually halted on the border of the province of Holland by dint of flooding the polders. In 1673, the tide of the war turned in the Republic’s favour, and hostilities ceased in 1674. \u0000In 1659, Amsterdam had embarked on a series of major urban expansion works between the Leidsegracht canal and the IJ inlet. On 10 June 1672, all city works were halted except those on the fortifications. Priority was given to the restoration of the city wall, which had been weakened by subsidence. Outside the wall, a free field of fire was created, and measures were taken to defend the unfortified IJ shore. The city militia was also reorganized. \u0000From June 1672, a semi-circle of low-lying polders around Amsterdam were flooded by opening sluices and breaching dykes. This was done step by step, in a form of dynamic water management that was constantly adapted to the changing circumstances in order to maximize the defensive potential and to  minimize the damage. Waterways were blocked off and defended by armed ships. Six fortifications were built on the higher access roads in the immediate vicinity of the city, often close to one of the inundation openings. These were permanently manned. The city government also arranged for the construction of outposts further away, such as in Uithoorn, which were crucial to maintaining the flooding operations. With the river Vecht acting as the first line of defence – the ‘outer wall’ of Amsterdam as it were – Muiden, Weesp, the Hinderdam and Nieuwersluis were also reinforced with fortifications. \u0000After the recapture of Naarden in 1673, the first steps were taken to return to normality and in 1674-1675 all temporary fortifications were demolished. All defensive structures disappeared from the landscape around Amsterdam. From this point of view, the spatial consequences seem to have been short-lived. However, the 1672 defence concept served as a model for all later defence lines around Amsterdam, the last one being the Stelling van Amsterdam, or Amsterdam Defence Line, in which the capital city functioned as a ‘national redoubt’. In this respect the spatial consequences of the Disaster Year cannot be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stedenpatronen rondom de Noordzee van de dertiende tot en met de eenentwintigste eeuw","authors":"R. Rutte, Yvonne Van Mil","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.758","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary urbanization patterns around the North Sea can only be understood by looking at their long-term development and studying how these patterns arose and evolved over the centuries. If we look no further back than the Industrial Revolution, we get a distorted picture. The fact is that urbanization patterns were for the most part already established before that period, as can be clearly seen in the composite map showing all the cities and all reference years. \u0000Major port cities like Hamburg, Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Antwerp emerged during the late Middle Ages. Many other cities of importance today also date back to that period. The Industrial Revolution was decisive for only two groups of cities: those in the English Midlands and in Germany’s Ruhr area. \u0000The maps reflecting the situation in 1300 and 2015 reveal that the type of landscape had a huge impact on the urbanization patterns. Landscape provides continuity. In reaction to dramatic changes wrought by political and economic processes, the areas around the North Sea behaved like communicating vessels: the cities in the Southern Netherlands contracted, those in the Northern Netherlands expanded, Holland declined, England prospered. \u0000A succession of major economic and political processes is crucial to our understanding of the position, function and significance of today’s key North Sea cities. The foundations of urban patterns around the North Sea were established in the period before 1500. It is noteworthy that for centuries the epicentre of major port cities lay in the politically fragmented areas along the eastern shore of the North Sea  here powerful and enterprising townsmen ensured an intensive exchange of goods. \u0000In the decades before and after 1600, the far-reaching political changes that occurred during the Dutch Revolt resulted in a shift in prosperity from the southern to the northern provinces, which subsequently  experienced the Golden Age. While the southern provinces were constrained by their Spanish rulers, in the newly formed Republic where wealthy citizens were in charge, the cities of Holland flourished as transhipment and trading centres. \u0000During the eighteenth century, there were more dramatic shifts: the centre of gravity moved to the other side of the North Sea, to England, where the character of the economy was completely transformed by the Industrial Revolution and the main port cities were now part of a kingdom that evolved into the British Empire in which both government and entrepreneurs played an important role. \u0000Ever since industrialization took hold in northern France, Belgium and the Ruhr in the early nineteenth century, the North Sea region has been characterized by several economic epicentres that have managed to survive further far-reaching economic changes in the twentieth century. A consolidation of the pattern of cities around the North Sea occurred, seemingly due to the fact that, since the birth of the welfare state and the European Union, nation","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectenbureau Baanders","authors":"E. van Es","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.761","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van R.-J. Baanders en A. Baanders-Buisman","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49039345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De aanleg van regenbakken in vroegmodern Deventer","authors":"D. Moerman","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.759","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many old cisterns for the collection of rainwater have been discovered in Dutch cities, in particular in Amsterdam. Such rainwater cisterns were for centuries an important source of fresh water. Most date from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards. They were especially prevalent in the western provinces, where the ground and surface water were mostly unpotable due to salinization and pollution. However, rainwater cisterns are also known to have existed in the eastern parts of the country. Yet very little is known about the architectural history of these cisterns in the Netherlands, especially for the period prior to the seventeenth century. While there are archaeological reports detailing specific aspects of their construction, the historical literature focuses on the use of rainwater cisterns by households and industry. There is a general lack of written sources describing the construction of cisterns prior to the seventeenth century. \u0000  \u0000This article highlights one specific historical source that has not been fully studied, namely the accounts left by the stewards of the former ecclesiastical houses in the city of Deventer. After the city became   part of the Dutch Republic in 1591, the ecclesiastical houses were confiscated by the city and extensively refurbished. This included the construction of rainwater cisterns in around 1600. The accounts of these  works contain valuable notes regarding the construction process and maintenance of cisterns, the use of specific materials and the hiring of specialist workmen. \u0000The findings from these notes, as presented in this article, can be used to complement recent  archaeological findings and contemporary architectural descriptions, thus providing insights for further research. The notes confirm, for example, that these rainwater cisterns were constructed underground by the same specialist, according to a specific design, using similar materials, such as bricks known as ‘klinkaerts’, and trass to create waterproof mortar. The construction of rainwater cisterns was sometimes accompanied by roof renovations designed to enhance the rainwater collection, as illustrated by an example. Ultimately, the article aims to show the relevance of such historical sources to furthering our knowledge of the construction history of rainwater cisterns in the Netherlands, in particular in the rather underexamined eastern parts of the country. Future research could aim to  synthesize such historical sources with archaeological findings in order to arrive at a more comprehensive view of rainwater cisterns and their history in both the eastern and western Netherlands.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46181255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architect Jan Sterenberg en het wonen in de jaren ’70","authors":"S. Rots","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.762","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Michiel Kruidenier","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70471070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eduard Cuypers, architect met een eigen koers","authors":"Wilfred Van Leeuwen","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.3.760","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Constant van Nispen","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47290410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gerrit van der Wielen (1767-1858)","authors":"Yme Kuiper","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.2.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.2.751","url":null,"abstract":"Review of a book written by Martine van der Wielen-de Goede","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afstudeerwerk","authors":"A. Albers, Michiel Bakx, Lene Van de Bemdt, Eva De Bruijne, C. Van Doren, Johannes Düber, Jakob Frateur, Stijn Giesbers, Anouk Raaijmakers, Stijn Swolfs, S. Gresnigt, Joost Josse, Jens Van Kamp, M. Missoorten, Tom Packet, Marylise Parein, M. Waaldijk, Pieter Van der Weele, J. Zegers","doi":"10.48003/knob.121.2022.2.748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.2.748","url":null,"abstract":"Voorwoord bij een nieuwe rubriek met afstudeerwerk \u0000Het Bulletin KNOB biedt een podium aan zowel ervaren onderzoekers als aanstormend talent. Met een zekere regelmaat publiceren afgestudeerden een artikel op basis van hun masterscriptie of ander onderzoek dat zij aan de universiteit deden. Maar dit is slechts een topje van de ijsberg. Er is immers veel meer werk van studenten dat de aandacht van de lezer verdient. Daarom starten wij in het Bulletin KNOB een rubriek met afstudeerwerk. Eens in de twee jaar vragen wij een aantal pas afgestudeerden van wie de masterthesis of eindopdracht goed is beoordeeld hiervan een synthese te maken. Voor de eerste aflevering van deze rubriek zijn dat degenen die meedongen naar de KNOB Stimuleringsprijs 2021. Het resultaat vindt u in dit nummer: zeventien bijdragen over uiteenlopende onderwerpen, van Cubex-keuken tot herbestemming van industrieel erfgoed en van klimaatverbetering in steden tot Antwerpse zeemanshuizen. De auteurs zijn alumni van universitaire opleidingen op het gebied van architectuur- en stadsgeschiedenis, erfgoed en (landschaps)architectuur in Nederland en België. Met deze rubriek laten wij onze lezers kennisnemen van door studenten verricht onderzoek en bieden wij beginnende onderzoekers en ontwerpers een gelegenheid hun werk in het Bulletin KNOB te presenteren. Onze dank gaat daarbij uit naar collega Jeroen Goudeau, die ons het idee voor een rubriek met afstudeerwerk aan de hand deed. Wij wensen u veel leesplezier en inspiratie toe. \u0000De redactie","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}