Cambridge prisms. Extinction最新文献

Extinction studies in focus: Reflections on photography at a time of ecological decline.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2025-02-12 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.16

Kate Simpson, Sarah Oakes, Aureja Stirbyte, Katie Prosser, Timothy M Brown, Jonathan David Roberts, Amy J Bartlett

{"title":"Extinction studies in focus: Reflections on photography at a time of ecological decline.","authors":"Kate Simpson, Sarah Oakes, Aureja Stirbyte, Katie Prosser, Timothy M Brown, Jonathan David Roberts, Amy J Bartlett","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.16","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"Through compositional inclusion or exclusion, the photograph can assert and communicate what belongs in a picture, in a landscape, in an ecosystem. It can illuminate what we deem conservation-worthy, or, on a larger scale, which extinctions are attention-worthy. Photographic practice helps to illuminate the active nature of extinction, and our choices as actors and witnesses within that process. Here, researchers from the University of Leeds' Extinction Studies Doctoral Training Programme present individual reflections on interdisciplinary practice-led research in the Scottish Small Isles. We consider how photography, as a form of praxis, can generate new forms of knowledge surrounding extinction: its meanings, representations, and legacies, particularly through visual representation. We offer seven perspectives on contemporary image-making, from disciplines including philosophy, conservation biology, literature, sociology, geology, cultural anthropology, and palaeontology. Researchers gathered experiential, ethical, even biological meanings from considering what to include or exclude in images: from the micro to the macro, the visible to the invisible, the aesthetic to the ecological. We draw conclusions around meaning-making through the process of photography itself, and the tensions encountered through framing and decision-making in a time of mass ecological decline.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"3 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

De-extinction beyond species: Restoring ecosystem functionality through large herbivore rewilding.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2025-01-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.27

Paul R Jepson

{"title":"De-extinction beyond species: Restoring ecosystem functionality through large herbivore rewilding.","authors":"Paul R Jepson","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.27","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.27","url":null,"abstract":"This perspective positions rewilding as a novel approach to ecosystem restoration, emphasising the restoration of natural processes to create self-willed ecosystems. Central to European rewilding is the de-domestication of cattle and horses to act as functional analogues of the extinct aurochs and wild horses. This de-extinction pathway shifts the focus from the loss of species to the loss of their ecological roles caused by human actions commencing millennia ago. The focus on restoring functional effects provides a strong policy rationale for large herbivore de-domestication, aligning with nature-based solutions to address environmental challenges. This alignment requires a pragmatic approach that prioritises the restoration of ecosystem functions over genetic purity and offers flexibility and scalability in rewilding efforts. I argue that creating a new category of 'ecosystem engineer' livestock is more effective than seeking wild status for these animals. As they are released into recovering ecosystems, de-domesticated large herbivores are recreating their ecological roles, 'life-spheres' and interactions. These processes open new avenues in both extinction discourse and ecological theory and encourage us to explore how de-extinct species can drive the recovery of European ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"3 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

This is the way the world ends; not with a bang but a whimper: Estimating the number and ongoing rate of extinctions of Australian non-marine invertebrates.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.26

John C Z Woinarski, Michael F Braby, Heloise Gibb, Mark S Harvey, Sarah M Legge, Jessica R Marsh, Melinda L Moir, Tim R New, Michael G Rix, Brett P Murphy

{"title":"This is the way the world ends; not with a bang but a whimper: Estimating the number and ongoing rate of extinctions of Australian non-marine invertebrates.","authors":"John C Z Woinarski, Michael F Braby, Heloise Gibb, Mark S Harvey, Sarah M Legge, Jessica R Marsh, Melinda L Moir, Tim R New, Michael G Rix, Brett P Murphy","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.26","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.26","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the extent of loss is not well resolved for poorly known groups. We estimate the number of extinctions for Australian non-marine invertebrates since the European colonisation of the continent. Our analyses use a range of approaches, incorporate stated uncertainties and recognise explicit caveats. We use plausible bounds for the number of species, two approaches for estimating extinction rate, and Monte Carlo simulations to select combinations of projected distributions from these variables. We conclude that 9,111 (plausible bounds of 1,465 to 56,828) Australian species have become extinct over this 236-year period. These estimates dwarf the number of formally recognised extinctions of Australian invertebrates (10 species) and of the single invertebrate species listed as extinct under Australian legislation. We predict that 39-148 species will become extinct in 2024. This is inconsistent with a recent pledge by the Australian government to prevent all extinctions. This high rate of loss is largely a consequence of pervasive taxonomic biases in community concern and conservation investment. Those characteristics also make it challenging to reduce that rate of loss, as there is uncertainty about which invertebrate species are at the most risk. We outline conservation responses to reduce the likelihood of further extinctions.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"2 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional stasis and changing habitat preferences among mammalian communities from the PETM of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-12-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.25

Misha A J B Whittingham, Vera A Korasidis, Danielle Fraser

{"title":"Functional stasis and changing habitat preferences among mammalian communities from the PETM of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.","authors":"Misha A J B Whittingham, Vera A Korasidis, Danielle Fraser","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.25","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.25","url":null,"abstract":"The transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs (ca. 56 Ma) was marked by a period of rapid global warming of 5 °C to 8 °C following a carbon isotope excursion (CIE) lasting 200 ky or less referred to as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM precipitated a significant shift in the composition of North American floral communities and major mammalian turnover. We explored the ecological impacts of this phenomenon by analyzing 173 mammal species from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, including their associated body alongside a database of 30 palynofloral localities as proxies for habitat. For each time bin, we calculated mean and median differences in body mass and habitat preference between significantly aggregated and segregated mammal species. Aggregated species showed significant similarity in habitat preference only prior to the PETM, after which habitat preference ceased to be a significant factor in community assembly. Our measures of differences in body mass space provide no evidence of a significant impact of competitive interactions on community assembly across the PETM, aligning with previous work. Our results indicate the persistence of a stable mammalian functional community structure despite taxonomic turnover, climate change and broadening habitat preferences.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"2 ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying species traits that predict vulnerability to climate change.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-12-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.24

Damien A Fordham

{"title":"Identifying species traits that predict vulnerability to climate change.","authors":"Damien A Fordham","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.24","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.24","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately predicting the vulnerabilities of species to climate change requires a more detailed understanding of the functional and life-history traits that make some species more susceptible to declines and extinctions in shifting climates. This is because existing trait-based correlates of extinction risk from climate and environmental disturbances vary widely, often being idiosyncratic and context dependent. A powerful solution is to analyse the growing volume of biological data on changes in species ranges and abundances using process-explicit ecological models that run at fine temporal and spatial scales and across large geographical extents. These simulation-based approaches can unpack complex interactions between species' traits and climate and other threats. This enables species-responses to climatic change to be contextualised and integrated into future biodiversity projections and to be used to formulate and assess conservation policy goals. By providing a more complete understanding of the traits and contexts that regulate different responses of species to climate change, these process-driven approaches are likely to result in more certain predictions of the species that are most vulnerable to climate change.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"2 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction studies across the disciplines.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-12-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.23

Graham Huggan, Alison M Dunn, Diane Nelson, Katy Wright, Dolly Jørgensen, Kate Rigby

引用次数: 0

Inferring species extinction from sighting data.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-11-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.18

Rachel S McCrea, Thomas Cheale, Eduard Campillo-Funollet, David L Roberts

引用次数: 0

The diversity of ignorance and the ignorance of diversity: origins and implications of "shadow diversity" for conservation biology and extinction.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-11-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.21

Serena Turton-Hughes, George Holmes, Christopher Hassall

{"title":"The diversity of ignorance and the ignorance of diversity: origins and implications of \"shadow diversity\" for conservation biology and extinction.","authors":"Serena Turton-Hughes, George Holmes, Christopher Hassall","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.21","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.21","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity shortfalls and taxonomic bias can lead to inaccurate assessment of conservation priorities. Previous literature has begun to explore practical reasons why some species are discovered sooner or are better researched than others. However, the deeper socio-cultural causes for undiscovered and neglected biodiversity, and the value of collectively analysing species at risk of unrecorded, or \"dark\", extinction, are yet to be fully examined. Here, we argue that a new label (we propose \"shadow diversity\") is needed to shift our perspective from biodiversity shortfalls to living, albeit unknown, species. We suggest this linguistic shift imparts intrinsic value to these species, beyond scientific gaze and cultural systems. We review research on undiscovered, undetected and hidden biodiversity in the fields of conservation biology, macroecology and genetics. Drawing on philosophy, geography, history and sociology, we demonstrate that a range of socio-cultural factors (funding, education and historical bias) combine with traditional, practical impediments to limit species discovery and detection. We propose using a spectrum of shadow diversity which enables a complex, non-binary and comprehensive approach to biodiversity unknowns. Shadow diversity holds exciting potential as a tool to increase awareness, appreciation and support for the conservation of traditionally less studied wildlife species and sites, from soil microbes to less charismatic habitat fragments. We advocate for a shift in how the conservation community and wider public see biodiversity and an increase in popular support for conserving a wider range of life forms. Most importantly, shadow diversity provides appropriate language and conceptual frameworks to discuss species absent from conservation assessment and at potential risk of dark extinction.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"2 ","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global threat status, rarity, and species distribution affect prevalence of Atlantic Forest endemic birds in citizen-collected datasets.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-11-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.22

Lucas Rodriguez Forti, Ana Marta P R da Silva Passetti, Talita Oliveira, Juan Lima, Arthur Queiros, Maria Alice Dantas Ferreira Lopes, Judit K Szabo

引用次数: 0

Negotiating extirpation: On the political implications of declaring dugongs extinct in Okinawan waters.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2024.17

Marius Palz

{"title":"Negotiating extirpation: On the political implications of declaring dugongs extinct in Okinawan waters.","authors":"Marius Palz","doi":"10.1017/ext.2024.17","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ext.2024.17","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, scientists published a preprint stating that the dugong population of Okinawa had declined below the minimum viable population and should be considered extinct. The publication led to an outcry amongst Japanese/Okinawan environmentalists and to criticism by international dugong specialists. Two issues were raised: 1) Declaring dugongs extinct, although feeding trails were found in several locations, misrepresented the reality in Okinawan waters, and could have negative impacts on conservation measures; 2) Three authors were sitting on the Environmental Monitoring Committee for a controversial military base construction project in an area where dugongs were frequently spotted before construction commenced. The presence/absence of dugongs at the site had become a political issue, as the animal's protected status and its depiction in folklore gave it symbolic meaning in the anti-base movement. The declaration of dugong extinction reminded protesters of a former Environmental Impact Assessment conducted by Japan's Ministry of Defence, declaring the site to be no relevant dugong habitat. The paper explores the implications of the preprint for the political situation in Okinawa and questions the certainty of dugong extirpation in the region. It argues that speculations about extinction cannot be divorced from the political contexts to which they are invariably tied.","PeriodicalId":520449,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge prisms. Extinction","volume":"2 ","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0