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Pow(d)ering up: FAPI perovskite nanopowders for air-processed blade coated perovskite solar modules. 功率(d)上升：空气处理叶片涂覆钙钛矿太阳能组件的FAPI钙钛矿纳米粉末。

EES solar Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1039/d5el00032g

Maurizio Stefanelli, Muhammed P U Haris, Luigi Vesce, Luigi A Castriotta, Hafez Nikbakht, Fabio Matteocci, Samrana Kazim, Alessandro Triolo, Shahzada Ahmad, Aldo Di Carlo

{"title":"Pow(d)ering up: FAPI perovskite nanopowders for air-processed blade coated perovskite solar modules.","authors":"Maurizio Stefanelli, Muhammed P U Haris, Luigi Vesce, Luigi A Castriotta, Hafez Nikbakht, Fabio Matteocci, Samrana Kazim, Alessandro Triolo, Shahzada Ahmad, Aldo Di Carlo","doi":"10.1039/d5el00032g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5el00032g","url":null,"abstract":"Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) is the most prominent perovskite material utilized in the fabrication of single-junction perovskite solar cells. However, the cubic α-phase perovskite is difficult to retain in precursor solutions for extended periods due to thermodynamic instability, which promotes the formation of the yellow δ-phase. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of solar cells and modules from FAPI powders synthesised using a single-step method with a non-hazardous solvent and routine purity grade lead iodide. The pre-synthesised α-FAPI and CsFAPI powders demonstrated considerable potential for scalability and reproducibility. It was observed that similar efficiencies were achieved in small-area cells and mini-modules fabricated using an industrially adaptable blade coating process conducted in an open environment. The enhanced solution rheology and the meticulous control of stoichiometry result in an oriented and less strained crystal lattice, thereby demonstrating superior reproducibility and stability of the perovskite prepared from pre-synthesised powder in comparison to the one produced from high-purity precursor. The methodology developed offers a scalable and cost-effective approach to the production of high-performance and stable perovskite solar modules, with efficiencies reaching 18.5% on a 12.15 cm2 active area module and a T95 above 1200 h in shelf life stability at 30% RH in a UV-filtered environment.","PeriodicalId":520395,"journal":{"name":"EES solar","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuning substrate temperature for enhanced vacuum-deposited wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells: insights from morphology, charge transport, and drift-diffusion simulations. 调整衬底温度增强真空沉积宽带隙钙钛矿太阳能电池：从形态学，电荷输运和漂移扩散模拟的见解。

EES solar Pub Date : 2025-05-14 eCollection Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1039/d5el00021a

Lidón Gil-Escrig, Jasmeen Nespoli, Fransien D Elhorst, Federico Ventosinos, Cristina Roldán-Carmona, L Jan Anton Koster, Tom J Savenije, Michele Sessolo, Henk J Bolink

{"title":"Tuning substrate temperature for enhanced vacuum-deposited wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells: insights from morphology, charge transport, and drift-diffusion simulations.","authors":"Lidón Gil-Escrig, Jasmeen Nespoli, Fransien D Elhorst, Federico Ventosinos, Cristina Roldán-Carmona, L Jan Anton Koster, Tom J Savenije, Michele Sessolo, Henk J Bolink","doi":"10.1039/d5el00021a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5el00021a","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells lags behind that of solution-processed devices, partially because of the limited spectrum of deposition parameters that can be controlled during deposition. Substrate temperature is in principle a powerful tool to control the condensation and crystallization of thin films, but has been scarcely investigated for perovskites. This study systematically investigates the effect of substrate temperature on the deposition of the wide-bandgap perovskite Cs0.2FA0.8Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3. We observe temperature-dependent morphological changes linked to variations in the adhesion coefficient of formamidinium iodide. Optical, structural, and optoelectronic analyses reveal that increasing the substrate temperature from -20 °C to 75 °C enhances charge carrier mobility and recombination lifetime by an order of magnitude. However, these improvements do not directly translate into better device performance due to competing factors such as morphology, interface energetics, and trap densities. Using drift-diffusion simulations, we identify key performance-limiting parameters, including ion mobility and charge trapping at interfaces and in the bulk. By optimizing the organic/inorganic deposition rate at -20 °C, we achieve state-of-the-art efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with enhanced thermal stability. This study highlights substrate temperature as a crucial parameter for improving material quality and device performance in vapor-deposited perovskites.","PeriodicalId":520395,"journal":{"name":"EES solar","volume":" ","pages":"391-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incorporating thermal co-evaporation in current-matched all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells. 结合热共蒸发的电流匹配全钙钛矿三结太阳能电池。

EES solar Pub Date : 2025-01-21 eCollection Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1039/d4el00012a

Terry Chien-Jen Yang, Taeheon Kang, Melissa Fitzsimmons, Guadalupe Vega, Yang Lu, Leo Rosado, Alberto Jiménez-Solano, Linfeng Pan, Szymon J Zelewski, Jordi Ferrer Orri, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Dengyang Guo, Zher Ying Ooi, Yutong Han, Weidong Xu, Bart Roose, Caterina Ducati, Sol Carretero Palacios, Miguel Anaya, Samuel D Stranks

{"title":"Incorporating thermal co-evaporation in current-matched all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells.","authors":"Terry Chien-Jen Yang, Taeheon Kang, Melissa Fitzsimmons, Guadalupe Vega, Yang Lu, Leo Rosado, Alberto Jiménez-Solano, Linfeng Pan, Szymon J Zelewski, Jordi Ferrer Orri, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Dengyang Guo, Zher Ying Ooi, Yutong Han, Weidong Xu, Bart Roose, Caterina Ducati, Sol Carretero Palacios, Miguel Anaya, Samuel D Stranks","doi":"10.1039/d4el00012a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4el00012a","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal co-evaporation of halide perovskites is a solution-free, conformal, scalable, and controllable deposition technique with great potential for commercial applications, particularly in multi-junction solar cells. Monolithic triple-junction perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention because they can achieve very high efficiencies. Nevertheless, challenges arise in fabricating these devices, as they require multiple layers and precise current matching across complex absorber stacks. Here we demonstrate a current-matched monolithic all-perovskite p-i-n triple-junction solar cell enabled by controlled thermal co-evaporation of various absorber layers in the stack. The top and middle subcells were fabricated by developing optimized thermally co-evaporated Cs0.3FA0.7Pb(I0.56Br0.44)3 (1.80 eV bandgap) and FAPbI3 (1.53 eV) perovskites, respectively, while the bottom subcell employed a solution-processed Cs0.25FA0.75Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 (1.25 eV) perovskite. By optimising absorber thicknesses and compositions through optical modelling, we achieve excellent current matching between the top (9.6 mA cm-2), middle (9.3 mA cm-2), and bottom subcells (9.0 mA cm-2), achieving an overall efficiency of 15.8%. Optical modelling simulations suggest that current matching and efficiency up to 11.4 mA cm-2 and 37.6% respectively could be attainable using the latest interlayer materials. This work highlights the potential of scalable vapour-based deposition techniques for advancing multi-junction perovskite-based solar cells, paving the way for future developments in this field.","PeriodicalId":520395,"journal":{"name":"EES solar","volume":" ","pages":"41-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0