Medical mycology journal最新文献

Cryptococcosis. 隐球菌病。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.25.001

Hisako Kushima, Hiroshi Ishii

{"title":"Cryptococcosis.","authors":"Hisako Kushima, Hiroshi Ishii","doi":"10.3314/mmj.25.001","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.25.001","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one million new cases of cryptococcosis develop each year worldwide, resulting in approximately 600,000 deaths. Most cases occurred in HIV patients from African countries south of the Sahara Desert. In light of this situation, in 2022, the World Health Organization presented a list of priority fungal pathogens to guide research, development, and public health action, with Cryptococcus neoformans as the most important critical fungus. In contrast, a recent retrospective study in developed countries showed that 90% of cases with cryptococcosis were non-HIV patients, including immunocompetent individuals. Underlying diseases of non-HIV immunocompromised patients include cancer and solid organ transplantation. High serum titers cryptococcal antigens independently predicted the risk of central nervous system involvement. Even if the patient is asymptomatic, high antigen levels are considered a possibility of cryptococcal meningitis, and a spinal fluid examination may be recommended. The absence of a history of contact with pigeons should not be used as a basis for denying cryptococcosis because C. neoformans is often detected in old and dried feces of chickens other than pigeons. Donor-derived cryptococcosis is a unique feature of cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-transplant screening tests for cryptococcosis, pre-transplant treatment for the donor, and prophylactic antifungal therapy for the recipient may be useful. Defense against cryptococcal infection is regulated by various mechanisms, including Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune responses. Molecularly targeted medicines that target specific cytokines or surface antigen molecules have been widely used with excellent clinical efficacy for the treatment of various diseases. Since cryptococcosis has been recently reported to develop during the use of certain medicines, such as ibrutinib and eculizumab, clinicians need to be mindful that the number of similar cases may increase in the future.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survey on the Prevalence of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton spp. with Squalene Epoxidase Mutations. 角鲨烯环氧化酶突变的耐特比萘芬毛癣菌流行情况调查。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.25-00009

Yugo Mori, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Sayaka Ban, Isato Yoshioka, Takashi Yaguchi

{"title":"Survey on the Prevalence of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton spp. with Squalene Epoxidase Mutations.","authors":"Yugo Mori, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Sayaka Ban, Isato Yoshioka, Takashi Yaguchi","doi":"10.3314/mmj.25-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.25-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Terbinafine (TBF) and azoles are commonly used to treat fungal infections such as tinea pedis and tinea unguium. TBF-resistant Trichophyton species have been increasingly reported globally; however, the research has primarily focused on Trichophyton rubrum. In other words, there are limited studies that exist on other causative Trichophyton species, such as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton indotineae. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of TBF-resistant Trichophyton isolates in Japan. Screening of 701 clinical isolates preserved at the Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan, identified 20 resistant strains (2.9% prevalence), including 16 T. rubrum, two T. interdigitale, one T. mentagrophytes, and one T. indotineae. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to TBF ranged from 1 to ≥ 32 µg/mL. Additionally, strains showing TBF resistance and reduced susceptibility to azoles were identified in T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. indotineae. The squalene epoxidase gene sequencing targeted by TBF revealed amino acid mutations, such as Leu393Ser, Leu393Phe, and Phe397Leu in T. rubrum and Ser392Ala and Leu419Phe in other species. Notably, the Phe397 mutation correlated with high MICs (≥ 32 μg/mL), indicating its significant role in TBF resistance. This study detected a novel isolate of T. mentagrophytes showing TBF resistance and reduced susceptibility to azoles. The study underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and monitoring of antifungal resistance patterns for TBF and azole antifungal agents, considering the increasing prevalence of resistant isolates.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 3","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Species Diversity and Distribution of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Ogasawara Islands, Japan. 日本小笠原群岛非烟曲霉种类的多样性和分布。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00017

Ryuri Tachikawa, Ryo Hagiuda, Dai Hirose

{"title":"Species Diversity and Distribution of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Ogasawara Islands, Japan.","authors":"Ryuri Tachikawa, Ryo Hagiuda, Dai Hirose","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00017","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00017","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus sections Flavi, Nigri, and Terrei are known as common causative agents of aspergillosis, followed by section Fumigati. A previous study investigated the distribution of section Fumigati in Izu and Ogasawara Islands and found that the dominant species changes depending on the soil environment. This study investigated the species diversity and distribution of sections Flavi, Nigri, and Terrei in Mukojima, Hahajima, and Chichijima of Ogasawara Islands and clarified whether the dominant species vary depending on the soil environment, as in section Fumigati. The strains were isolated from soil samples collected in 2019 and 2020 at 18 sites in three islands, including different landscapes, and species identification was based on the nucleotide sequence of the calmodulin gene. Overall, 172 strains were isolated from all sites and identified to seven section Flavi, five section Nigri, and three section Terrei species. Three section Flavi, three section Nigri, and one section Terrei species have been reported as causative agents of aspergillosis. Three sections were distributed in Chichijima and Hahajima, but only section Nigri was found in Mukojima. The frequency of occurrence of Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus nomiae belonging to section Flavi and Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis belonging to section Nigri were > 60% in forests, including shrub forests, whereas that of Aspergillus floccosus belonging to section Terrei was > 40% in bare land and grassland. Aspergillus pseudonomiae belonging to section Flavi was isolated at > 40% frequency of occurrence regardless of the landscape. Thus, differences of soil environments affected the distribution of the dominant species belonging to three sections.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-Scale Expansion of the MALDI-TOF MS Library for Comprehensive Identification of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi in Clinical and Sanitary Contexts. 大规模扩展MALDI-TOF质谱库，用于临床和卫生环境中酵母和丝状真菌的综合鉴定。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00031

Sayaka Ban, Rikiya Endoh, Masahiro Hayashi, Junko Ito, Yuu Uehara, Akiko Kota, Koji Yamashita, Maiko Horiyama, Kana Miwa, Takako Oowada, Takashi Yaguchi, Kaori Tanaka, Moriya Ohkuma

{"title":"Large-Scale Expansion of the MALDI-TOF MS Library for Comprehensive Identification of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi in Clinical and Sanitary Contexts.","authors":"Sayaka Ban, Rikiya Endoh, Masahiro Hayashi, Junko Ito, Yuu Uehara, Akiko Kota, Koji Yamashita, Maiko Horiyama, Kana Miwa, Takako Oowada, Takashi Yaguchi, Kaori Tanaka, Moriya Ohkuma","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.24-00031","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid identification of microbes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is gaining attention, particularly in clinical laboratories and hygiene management in food manufacturing. However, unlike bacteria, technical issues related to preprocessing and a lack of comprehensive reference libraries pose challenges in fungi. In this study, we constructed a new MALDI-TOF MS database, named EMALiMB, that expands the existing reference library to accurately identify a wider range of microbial species. The new reference library included 75 genera and 430 species of Ascomycota, 77 genera and 213 species of Basidiomycota, i.e. a total of 643 species of fungi, and six species belonging to the genus Prototheca. All strains were selected to complement taxa that were either not registered in the current library or were insufficiently represented, owing to a small number of strains. For example, 107 Candida species included pathogens, but also non-pathogenic species, inhabiting in the environment, and phylogenetically closely related with clinical relevants. Additionally, we improved the ionization of basidiomycetous yeasts and filamentous species, and Trichophyton, which had not been sufficiently ionized before, by incorporating bead-crushing in the pretreatment. The accuracy of this new reference library was evaluated using 384 clinical and environmental yeast isolates. A slight but remarkable increase in accuracy from 85.20% to 87.28% and in the mean score from 2.15 to 2.27 was obtained. The coverage rate for tested species improved significantly, from 80% to 88.57% for clinically relevant species, and from 52.38% to 76.19% for species isolated from environments.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 3","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Antifungal-Resistant Onychomycosis in a Dermatology Clinic in Kumamoto, Japan. 新出现的抗真菌耐药甲癣在熊本皮肤科诊所，日本。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00028

Sayaka Ohara, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tadahiko Matsumoto, Masahide Kubo, Daiki Hayashi, Kayo Kashiwada-Nakamura, Takashi Yaguchi, Rui Kano

{"title":"Emerging Antifungal-Resistant Onychomycosis in a Dermatology Clinic in Kumamoto, Japan.","authors":"Sayaka Ohara, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tadahiko Matsumoto, Masahide Kubo, Daiki Hayashi, Kayo Kashiwada-Nakamura, Takashi Yaguchi, Rui Kano","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.24-00028","url":null,"abstract":"We examined 477 patients with culture-positive onychomycosis at the Noguchi Dermatology Clinic between July 2015 and June 2024. Toenail onychomycosis (n = 422) was caused by Trichophyton rubrum (78.0%), Trichophyton interdigitale (19.0%), non-dermatophyte mould (2.8%) and Candida species (0.2%). Fingernail onychomycosis (n = 69) was caused by Candida species (46.4%), T. rubrum (43.5%), T. interdigitale (2.9%), non-dermatophyte mould (4.3%), and Trichosporon species (2.9%). Terbinafine-resistant dermatophyte onychomycosis (n = 17) was caused by T. rubrum (94.1%) and T. interdigitale (5.9%). The prevalence was higher than in the Japanese survey (2.3%), accounting for 6.0% of cases since 2020. Ten mutant strains (58.8%) also showed reduced sensitivity to itraconazole (0.125-0.5 mg/L). These strains were highly sensitive to ravuconazole, efinaconazole, and luliconazole. Fosravuconazole (n = 13) and topical efinaconazole (n = 4) could cure the disease. Non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis (n = 15) was caused by Aspergillus species (40.0%), Fusarium species (33.3%), Penicillium citrinum, Talaromyces muroii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (6.7%). When the breakpoint was set to 0.5 mg/L, these strains frequently exhibited resistance to terbinafine (71.4%) and itraconazole (92.9%). Efinaconazole (n = 7) and fosravuconazole (n = 5) were effective in treating these patients. Yeast onychomycosis (n = 35) mainly affected the fingernails (34/35) and was mainly caused by Candida albicans (88.6%). We identified non-albicans Candida species (n = 2), including Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis. Non-albicans Candida isolates showed low sensitivity to itraconazole and fluconazole. Trichosporon species (n = 2) were isolated from fingernail onychomycosis.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 2","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First Identification of Domestic Clade I Candida auris in Japanese Otitis Externa Patients Without Travel History. 首次在无旅行史的日本外耳炎患者中发现国内I支耳念珠菌。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00019

Kazuya Tone, Yuko Nagano, Kazumi Sakamoto, Aya Komori, Takashi Tamura, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Toshiki Kobayashi, Takahiro Masaki, Jun Araya, Koichi Makimura

{"title":"First Identification of Domestic Clade I Candida auris in Japanese Otitis Externa Patients Without Travel History.","authors":"Kazuya Tone, Yuko Nagano, Kazumi Sakamoto, Aya Komori, Takashi Tamura, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Toshiki Kobayashi, Takahiro Masaki, Jun Araya, Koichi Makimura","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00019","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida auris is an emerging fungus causing nosocomial infections and outbreaks, with many strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. This study analyzed the C. auris clinical isolates at The Jikei University School of Medicine Kashiwa Hospital from December 2019 to March 2021.Methods: Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively for patients from whom C. auris was isolated from clinical specimens. Clade analysis and drug susceptibility testing were conducted.Results: Three strains of C. auris were isolated, all from otorrhea in patients with otitis externa. Case A was a 69-year-old female with aural pain, Case B was an 82-year-old female with left ear deafness, and Case C was a 76-year-old male with left otorrhea and hearing loss; all cases were immunocompetent. Strains from Clade I (South Asian clade) were found in Cases A and C, and a strain from Clade II (East Asian clade) was isolated from Case B. None had a travel history overseas or contact with foreigners. Drug susceptibility testing showed that one C. auris strain of Clade Ⅰ had a high minimal inhibitory concentration for fluconazole. No severe infection was observed, and all cases improved with local treatment, including ketoconazole ointment for Case A.Conclusion: The presence of Clade I C. auris strains in Japan without travel history raises concerns about domestic or in-hospital transmission. Accurate identification and rigorous infection control are essential to manage the spread of C. auris. Ongoing surveillance, research, and international cooperation are needed.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Report of Two Cases in Which Candida auris Was Isolated from Serous Otorrhea. 浆液性耳漏分离耳念珠菌2例报告。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00021

Akiko Inoue, Masakazu Sasaki, Shinji Ogihara, Riko Kajiwara, Shinya Ohira, Sachiko Hosono, Kazuhiro Tateda, Kota Wada, Somay Y Murayama, Kazutoshi Shibuya

引用次数: 0

Development of an In Vitro Electrical Impedance Model to Assess Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Efficacy of Aspergillus fumigatus. 烟曲霉体外电阻抗模型的建立及其细胞毒性和抗真菌效果评价。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.25-00003

Shigeki Kakuno, Wataru Shibata, Kengo Kawamoto, Waki Imoto, Koichi Yamada, Makoto Niki, Yukihiro Kaneko, Takashi Umeyama, Yoshitsugu Miyazaki, Hiroshi Kakeya

{"title":"Development of an In Vitro Electrical Impedance Model to Assess Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Efficacy of Aspergillus fumigatus.","authors":"Shigeki Kakuno, Wataru Shibata, Kengo Kawamoto, Waki Imoto, Koichi Yamada, Makoto Niki, Yukihiro Kaneko, Takashi Umeyama, Yoshitsugu Miyazaki, Hiroshi Kakeya","doi":"10.3314/mmj.25-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.25-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus fumigatus causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals, with the increasing number of azole-resistant strains leading to high mortality rates. This study aimed to develop a novel in vitro model using electrical impedance to continuously evaluate interactions between A. fumigatus and human cells and antifungal agent efficacy. A. fumigatus conidia and human cell lines (THP-1 macrophages and A549 alveolar epithelial cells) were cultured. Electrical impedance and fluorescence were observed using the xCELLigence RTCA E-Sight system. Conidia were seeded at various multiplicity of infection (MOI) values, and cell damage was assessed. In addition, the inhibition of cell damage by A. fumigatus in response to antifungal agents was evaluated. The time needed for electrical impedance to fall by half in macrophages was 31.5 hours for MOI 0.1 and 14.1 hours for MOI 8. Therefore, higher conidial concentrations led to faster decreases in electric impedance, indicating increased cytotoxicity. Macrophages showed a gradual decrease in electric impedance with mycelial growth, whereas A549 cells displayed a rapid electric impedance decline after mycelial growth. Azoles and amphotericin B suppressed the electric impedance decrease above their minimum inhibitory concentration, while echinocandins resulted in a continuous electric impedance decrease regardless of concentration. This study demonstrated that electrical impedance constitutes an objective method for continuously evaluating the cytotoxicity of A. fumigatus and antifungal efficacy. This novel in vitro model offers a new standard for studying interactions between filamentous fungi and human cells. Further validation using clinical isolates and other fungi is required.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 3","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terbinafine-Resistant Dermatophytes Isolated in Japan. 日本分离的耐特比萘芬皮肤菌。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00020

Honoka Nojo, Junichiro Hiruma, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masataro Hiruma, Kazutoshi Harada, Koichi Makimura, Rui Kano

{"title":"Terbinafine-Resistant Dermatophytes Isolated in Japan.","authors":"Honoka Nojo, Junichiro Hiruma, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masataro Hiruma, Kazutoshi Harada, Koichi Makimura, Rui Kano","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00020","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00020","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemiological study of terbinafine (TBF)-resistant dermatophytes was conducted in 2023 as a follow-up to our 2020 and 2022 surveys. Dermatophytes were isolated in 2023 from the same dermatology clinics in Tokyo, Saitama, Shizuoka, and Kumamoto, Japan, as in the previous studies. In total, 311 isolates (122 Trichophyton interdigitale isolates, 1 Trichophyton indotineae isolate, and 188 Trichophyton rubrum isolates) were obtained from 311 human cases of dermatophytosis (195 tinea pedis cases, 54 tinea unguium cases, 28 tinea corporis cases, 27 tinea cruris cases, and 7 tinea manuum cases). Ten strains (1 T. interdigitale strain and 9 T. rubrum strains) were found to be resistant to TBF, and susceptible to efinaconazole, itraconazole, luliconazole, and ravuconazole. The isolation rate of TBF-resistant strains was 2.3% in 2020, 1.4% in 2022, and 3.2% in 2023. We determined the sequences of the squalene epoxidase-encoding gene in 10 TBF-resistant strains, and found that all strains harbored missense and/or deletion mutations. These results indicate that the prevalence of TBF-resistant dermatophytes has increased when compared to the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Analysis of Familial Onset of Trichophyton rubrum Infection. 红毛癣菌感染家族性发病的遗传分析。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00022

Kiminobu Takeda, Kazushi Anzawa, Akira Shimizu

引用次数: 0