Medical mycology journal最新文献

Cryptococcosis. 隐球菌病。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.25.001

Hisako Kushima, Hiroshi Ishii

{"title":"Cryptococcosis.","authors":"Hisako Kushima, Hiroshi Ishii","doi":"10.3314/mmj.25.001","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.25.001","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one million new cases of cryptococcosis develop each year worldwide, resulting in approximately 600,000 deaths. Most cases occurred in HIV patients from African countries south of the Sahara Desert. In light of this situation, in 2022, the World Health Organization presented a list of priority fungal pathogens to guide research, development, and public health action, with Cryptococcus neoformans as the most important critical fungus. In contrast, a recent retrospective study in developed countries showed that 90% of cases with cryptococcosis were non-HIV patients, including immunocompetent individuals. Underlying diseases of non-HIV immunocompromised patients include cancer and solid organ transplantation. High serum titers cryptococcal antigens independently predicted the risk of central nervous system involvement. Even if the patient is asymptomatic, high antigen levels are considered a possibility of cryptococcal meningitis, and a spinal fluid examination may be recommended. The absence of a history of contact with pigeons should not be used as a basis for denying cryptococcosis because C. neoformans is often detected in old and dried feces of chickens other than pigeons. Donor-derived cryptococcosis is a unique feature of cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-transplant screening tests for cryptococcosis, pre-transplant treatment for the donor, and prophylactic antifungal therapy for the recipient may be useful. Defense against cryptococcal infection is regulated by various mechanisms, including Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune responses. Molecularly targeted medicines that target specific cytokines or surface antigen molecules have been widely used with excellent clinical efficacy for the treatment of various diseases. Since cryptococcosis has been recently reported to develop during the use of certain medicines, such as ibrutinib and eculizumab, clinicians need to be mindful that the number of similar cases may increase in the future.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Species Diversity and Distribution of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Ogasawara Islands, Japan. 日本小笠原群岛非烟曲霉种类的多样性和分布。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00017

Ryuri Tachikawa, Ryo Hagiuda, Dai Hirose

{"title":"Species Diversity and Distribution of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Ogasawara Islands, Japan.","authors":"Ryuri Tachikawa, Ryo Hagiuda, Dai Hirose","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00017","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00017","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus sections Flavi, Nigri, and Terrei are known as common causative agents of aspergillosis, followed by section Fumigati. A previous study investigated the distribution of section Fumigati in Izu and Ogasawara Islands and found that the dominant species changes depending on the soil environment. This study investigated the species diversity and distribution of sections Flavi, Nigri, and Terrei in Mukojima, Hahajima, and Chichijima of Ogasawara Islands and clarified whether the dominant species vary depending on the soil environment, as in section Fumigati. The strains were isolated from soil samples collected in 2019 and 2020 at 18 sites in three islands, including different landscapes, and species identification was based on the nucleotide sequence of the calmodulin gene. Overall, 172 strains were isolated from all sites and identified to seven section Flavi, five section Nigri, and three section Terrei species. Three section Flavi, three section Nigri, and one section Terrei species have been reported as causative agents of aspergillosis. Three sections were distributed in Chichijima and Hahajima, but only section Nigri was found in Mukojima. The frequency of occurrence of Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus nomiae belonging to section Flavi and Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis belonging to section Nigri were > 60% in forests, including shrub forests, whereas that of Aspergillus floccosus belonging to section Terrei was > 40% in bare land and grassland. Aspergillus pseudonomiae belonging to section Flavi was isolated at > 40% frequency of occurrence regardless of the landscape. Thus, differences of soil environments affected the distribution of the dominant species belonging to three sections.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First Identification of Domestic Clade I Candida auris in Japanese Otitis Externa Patients Without Travel History. 首次在无旅行史的日本外耳炎患者中发现国内I支耳念珠菌。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00019

Kazuya Tone, Yuko Nagano, Kazumi Sakamoto, Aya Komori, Takashi Tamura, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Toshiki Kobayashi, Takahiro Masaki, Jun Araya, Koichi Makimura

{"title":"First Identification of Domestic Clade I Candida auris in Japanese Otitis Externa Patients Without Travel History.","authors":"Kazuya Tone, Yuko Nagano, Kazumi Sakamoto, Aya Komori, Takashi Tamura, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Toshiki Kobayashi, Takahiro Masaki, Jun Araya, Koichi Makimura","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00019","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida auris is an emerging fungus causing nosocomial infections and outbreaks, with many strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. This study analyzed the C. auris clinical isolates at The Jikei University School of Medicine Kashiwa Hospital from December 2019 to March 2021.Methods: Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively for patients from whom C. auris was isolated from clinical specimens. Clade analysis and drug susceptibility testing were conducted.Results: Three strains of C. auris were isolated, all from otorrhea in patients with otitis externa. Case A was a 69-year-old female with aural pain, Case B was an 82-year-old female with left ear deafness, and Case C was a 76-year-old male with left otorrhea and hearing loss; all cases were immunocompetent. Strains from Clade I (South Asian clade) were found in Cases A and C, and a strain from Clade II (East Asian clade) was isolated from Case B. None had a travel history overseas or contact with foreigners. Drug susceptibility testing showed that one C. auris strain of Clade Ⅰ had a high minimal inhibitory concentration for fluconazole. No severe infection was observed, and all cases improved with local treatment, including ketoconazole ointment for Case A.Conclusion: The presence of Clade I C. auris strains in Japan without travel history raises concerns about domestic or in-hospital transmission. Accurate identification and rigorous infection control are essential to manage the spread of C. auris. Ongoing surveillance, research, and international cooperation are needed.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Antifungal-Resistant Onychomycosis in a Dermatology Clinic in Kumamoto, Japan. 新出现的抗真菌耐药甲癣在熊本皮肤科诊所，日本。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00028

Sayaka Ohara, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tadahiko Matsumoto, Masahide Kubo, Daiki Hayashi, Kayo Kashiwada-Nakamura, Takashi Yaguchi, Rui Kano

{"title":"Emerging Antifungal-Resistant Onychomycosis in a Dermatology Clinic in Kumamoto, Japan.","authors":"Sayaka Ohara, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tadahiko Matsumoto, Masahide Kubo, Daiki Hayashi, Kayo Kashiwada-Nakamura, Takashi Yaguchi, Rui Kano","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.24-00028","url":null,"abstract":"We examined 477 patients with culture-positive onychomycosis at the Noguchi Dermatology Clinic between July 2015 and June 2024. Toenail onychomycosis (n = 422) was caused by Trichophyton rubrum (78.0%), Trichophyton interdigitale (19.0%), non-dermatophyte mould (2.8%) and Candida species (0.2%). Fingernail onychomycosis (n = 69) was caused by Candida species (46.4%), T. rubrum (43.5%), T. interdigitale (2.9%), non-dermatophyte mould (4.3%), and Trichosporon species (2.9%). Terbinafine-resistant dermatophyte onychomycosis (n = 17) was caused by T. rubrum (94.1%) and T. interdigitale (5.9%). The prevalence was higher than in the Japanese survey (2.3%), accounting for 6.0% of cases since 2020. Ten mutant strains (58.8%) also showed reduced sensitivity to itraconazole (0.125-0.5 mg/L). These strains were highly sensitive to ravuconazole, efinaconazole, and luliconazole. Fosravuconazole (n = 13) and topical efinaconazole (n = 4) could cure the disease. Non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis (n = 15) was caused by Aspergillus species (40.0%), Fusarium species (33.3%), Penicillium citrinum, Talaromyces muroii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (6.7%). When the breakpoint was set to 0.5 mg/L, these strains frequently exhibited resistance to terbinafine (71.4%) and itraconazole (92.9%). Efinaconazole (n = 7) and fosravuconazole (n = 5) were effective in treating these patients. Yeast onychomycosis (n = 35) mainly affected the fingernails (34/35) and was mainly caused by Candida albicans (88.6%). We identified non-albicans Candida species (n = 2), including Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis. Non-albicans Candida isolates showed low sensitivity to itraconazole and fluconazole. Trichosporon species (n = 2) were isolated from fingernail onychomycosis.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 2","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Report of Two Cases in Which Candida auris Was Isolated from Serous Otorrhea. 浆液性耳漏分离耳念珠菌2例报告。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00021

Akiko Inoue, Masakazu Sasaki, Shinji Ogihara, Riko Kajiwara, Shinya Ohira, Sachiko Hosono, Kazuhiro Tateda, Kota Wada, Somay Y Murayama, Kazutoshi Shibuya

引用次数: 0

Terbinafine-Resistant Dermatophytes Isolated in Japan. 日本分离的耐特比萘芬皮肤菌。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00020

Honoka Nojo, Junichiro Hiruma, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masataro Hiruma, Kazutoshi Harada, Koichi Makimura, Rui Kano

{"title":"Terbinafine-Resistant Dermatophytes Isolated in Japan.","authors":"Honoka Nojo, Junichiro Hiruma, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masataro Hiruma, Kazutoshi Harada, Koichi Makimura, Rui Kano","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00020","DOIUrl":"10.3314/mmj.24-00020","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemiological study of terbinafine (TBF)-resistant dermatophytes was conducted in 2023 as a follow-up to our 2020 and 2022 surveys. Dermatophytes were isolated in 2023 from the same dermatology clinics in Tokyo, Saitama, Shizuoka, and Kumamoto, Japan, as in the previous studies. In total, 311 isolates (122 Trichophyton interdigitale isolates, 1 Trichophyton indotineae isolate, and 188 Trichophyton rubrum isolates) were obtained from 311 human cases of dermatophytosis (195 tinea pedis cases, 54 tinea unguium cases, 28 tinea corporis cases, 27 tinea cruris cases, and 7 tinea manuum cases). Ten strains (1 T. interdigitale strain and 9 T. rubrum strains) were found to be resistant to TBF, and susceptible to efinaconazole, itraconazole, luliconazole, and ravuconazole. The isolation rate of TBF-resistant strains was 2.3% in 2020, 1.4% in 2022, and 3.2% in 2023. We determined the sequences of the squalene epoxidase-encoding gene in 10 TBF-resistant strains, and found that all strains harbored missense and/or deletion mutations. These results indicate that the prevalence of TBF-resistant dermatophytes has increased when compared to the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Analysis of Familial Onset of Trichophyton rubrum Infection. 红毛癣菌感染家族性发病的遗传分析。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00022

Kiminobu Takeda, Kazushi Anzawa, Akira Shimizu

引用次数: 0

Fungicidal Efficacy of Amphotericin B and Micafungin Against Candida auris Within Macrophage. 两性霉素B和米卡芬宁对巨噬细胞内耳念珠菌的杀真菌作用。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00029

Fujiang Zhao, Azusa Takahashi-Nakaguchi, Michiyo Okamoto, Kaname Sasamoto, Masashi Yamaguchi, Hiroji Chibana

引用次数: 0

Onychomycosis in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities. 重度运动和智力障碍患者的甲真菌病。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00033

Harunari Shimoyama, Chiaki Yamanishi, Aya Komori, Ayaka Yo, Koichi Makimura

{"title":"Onychomycosis in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities.","authors":"Harunari Shimoyama, Chiaki Yamanishi, Aya Komori, Ayaka Yo, Koichi Makimura","doi":"10.3314/mmj.24-00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.24-00033","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the lifespans of individuals with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have progressed with the development of medical care and nursing practices. Respiratory disorders account for a large proportion of medical care for younger individuals with SMID, while the proportion of gastrointestinal and urinary system diseases increases with the aging of this population. Various efforts are being made to improve quality of life (QOL), including for the families of patients with SMID in medical care, but few reports have examined issues of foot care, particularly onychomycosis. Appropriate management is important because onychomycosis not only affects the QOL of patients with SMID, but also serves as a source of infection for caregivers. In this first report on the actual situation of onychomycosis among patients with SMID in long-term care facilities, five cases of onychomycosis are presented. The mean age for the five cases was 58 years, and the mean length of hospitalization was 41 years. Mean Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis, which evaluates the severity of tinea unguium, was 16.73. All causative fungi for onychomycosis were Trichophyton rubrum.","PeriodicalId":520314,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"66 2","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tinea Capitis Caused by Trichophyton tonsurans That Responded to Fosravuconazole. 对福司伐康唑有反应的疣毛癣引起的头癣。

Medical mycology journal Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.24-00032

Ayaka Miyata, Utako Kimura, Hiromitsu Noguchi, Masataro Hiruma, Rui Kano, Yasushi Suga

引用次数: 0