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Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science最新文献

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The Conventionality of Simultaneity and Einstein’s Conventionality of Geometry 同时性的约定性与爱因斯坦的几何约定性
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kjps-2018-0008
M. Valente
{"title":"The Conventionality of Simultaneity and Einstein’s Conventionality of Geometry","authors":"M. Valente","doi":"10.2478/kjps-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The conventionality of simultaneity thesis as established by Reichenbach and Grünbaum is related to the partial freedom in the definition of simultaneity in an inertial reference frame. An apparently altogether different issue is that of the conventionality of spatial geometry, or more generally the conventionality of chronogeometry when taking also into account the conventionality of the uniformity of time. Here we will consider Einstein’s version of the conventionality of (chrono)geometry, according to which we might adopt a different spatial geometry and a particular definition of equality of successive time intervals. The choice of a particular chronogeometry would not imply any change in a theory, since its “physical part” can be changed in a way that, regarding experimental results, the theory is the same. Here, we will make the case that the conventionality of simultaneity is closely related to Einstein’s conventionality of chronogeometry, as another conventional element leading to it.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"159 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83253352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metaphysics, Function and the Engineering of Life: the Problem of Vitalism 形而上学、功能与生命工程:活力论的问题
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kjps-2018-0006
Cécilia Bognon-Küss, Bohang Chen, C. Wolfe
{"title":"Metaphysics, Function and the Engineering of Life: the Problem of Vitalism","authors":"Cécilia Bognon-Küss, Bohang Chen, C. Wolfe","doi":"10.2478/kjps-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vitalism was long viewed as the most grotesque view in biological theory: appeals to a mysterious life-force, Romantic insistence on the autonomy of life, or worse, a metaphysics of an entirely living universe. In the early twentieth century, attempts were made to present a revised, lighter version that was not weighted down by revisionary metaphysics: “organicism”. And mainstream philosophers of science criticized Driesch and Bergson’s “neovitalism” as a too-strong ontological commitment to the existence of certain entities or “forces”, over and above the system of causal relations studied by mechanistic science, rejecting the weaker form, organicism, as well. But there has been some significant scholarly “push-back” against this orthodox attitude, notably pointing to the 18th-century Montpellier vitalists to show that there are different historical forms of vitalism, including how they relate to mainstream scientific practice (Wolfe and Normandin, eds. 2013). Additionally, some trends in recent biology that run counter to genetic reductionism and the informational model of the gene present themselves as organicist (Gilbert and Sarkar 2000, Moreno and Mossio 2015). Here, we examine some cases of vitalism in the twentieth century and today, not just as a historical form but as a significant metaphysical and scientific model. We argue for vitalism’s conceptual originality without either reducing it to mainstream models of science or presenting it as an alternate model of science, by focusing on historical forms of vitalism, logical empiricist critiques thereof and the impact of synthetic biology on current (re-)theorizing of vitalism.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"113 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77296759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Why Care About Robots? Empathy, Moral Standing, and the Language of Suffering 为什么要关注机器人?同理心，道德地位和痛苦的语言
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kjps-2018-0007
Mark Coeckelbergh
{"title":"Why Care About Robots? Empathy, Moral Standing, and the Language of Suffering","authors":"Mark Coeckelbergh","doi":"10.2478/kjps-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper tries to understand the phenomenon that humans are able to empathize with robots and the intuition that there might be something wrong with “abusing” robots by discussing the question regarding the moral standing of robots. After a review of some relevant work in empirical psychology and a discussion of the ethics of empathizing with robots, a philosophical argument concerning the moral standing of robots is made that questions distant and uncritical moral reasoning about entities’ properties and that recommends first trying to understand the issue by means of philosophical and artistic work that shows how ethics is always relational and historical, and that highlights the importance of language and appearance in moral reasoning and moral psychology. It is concluded that attention to relationality and to verbal and non-verbal languages of suffering is key to understand the phenomenon under investigation, and that in robot ethics we need less certainty and more caution and patience when it comes to thinking about moral standing.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"141 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76290289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
What is Hilbert’s 24th Problem? 希尔伯特的第24个问题是什么?
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kjps-2018-0001
R. Kahle, Isabel Oitavem
{"title":"What is Hilbert’s 24th Problem?","authors":"R. Kahle, Isabel Oitavem","doi":"10.2478/kjps-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2000, a draft note of David Hilbert was found in his Nachlass concerning a 24th problem he had consider to include in the his famous problem list of the talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 in Paris. This problem concerns simplicity of proofs. In this paper we review the (very few) traces of this problem which one can find in the work of Hilbert and his school, as well as modern research started on it after its publication. We stress, in particular, the mathematical nature of the problem.1","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Probing Cognitive Enhancements of Social “Resonance” – Towards a Aesthetic Community of Sensing and Making Music Together 探索社会“共鸣”的认知增强——走向共同感知和创作音乐的审美共同体
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0012
A. Gerner
{"title":"Probing Cognitive Enhancements of Social “Resonance” – Towards a Aesthetic Community of Sensing and Making Music Together","authors":"A. Gerner","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In my general aim to probe a non-reductionist Philosophy of Cognitive Enhancement, considering social self-other relations and the epistemic 2PP in social syn-aesthetic tuning-ins, synchronisations and tuning-outs, this paper amplifies the Aristotelian common sense concept κοινὴ αἲσθησις2 by analysing the concept and metaphor of “resonance”3 in contemporary debates on >resonance< as acoustic and multimodal figure of thought. Resonance as shown in scientific models derived from acoustics will be applied to an aesthetic comunity of sensing and making music together as explored in Alfred Schütz, as well as in social relations in social psychology. Finally, this paper puts resonance to test as well in technical atunements of social relations and closes with the necessary resistance to imposition of social resonance, introduced in this paper as xenoresonance.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"133 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88558503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Themata in science and in common sense 科学和常识中的主题
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0011
I. Marková
{"title":"Themata in science and in common sense","authors":"I. Marková","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human thinking is heterogeneous, and among its different forms, thinking in dyadic oppositions is associated with the concept of themata. Gerald Holton characterises themata as elements that lie beneath the structure and development of physical theories as well as of non-scientific thinking. Themata have different uses, such as a thematic concept, or a thematic component of the concept; a methodological (or epistemological) thema; and a propositional thema. Serge Moscovici has placed the concept of themata in the heart of his theory of social representations which is based on ‘natural thinking’ and on forms of daily knowing, including common sense. In this article I shall explore some features of thematic concepts and of methodological themata in scientific theories and in common sense. More specifically, I shall refer to the significance of the methodological (or epistemological) thema the Self and Other(s) in common-sense thinking and in social practices.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"516 1","pages":"68 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77109595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Thematizing Common Sense (Presentation of the Dossier ‘Science and Common Sense’) 常识主题化(展示“科学与常识”档案)
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0008
J. Jesuino
{"title":"Thematizing Common Sense (Presentation of the Dossier ‘Science and Common Sense’)","authors":"J. Jesuino","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The epistemological issue of common sense within the field of philosophy of sciences is relatively recent. It acquired momentum with the emergence of the new sub-field known as the philosophy of mind to a large degree an outcome of the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline. “Folk psychology”, understood as a modality of common sense, is a central topic shared by “social psychology”, “development psychology”, “philosophy of mind”, “epistemology” eventually coordinated within the interdisciplinary field of “cognitive sciences”.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73907451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Genesis of General Relativity: Interaction between Einstein’s, Abraham’s and Nordström’s Research Programmes 广义相对论的起源:爱因斯坦、亚伯拉罕和Nordström研究计划之间的相互作用
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0013
R. M. Nugayev (Nugaev)
{"title":"The Genesis of General Relativity: Interaction between Einstein’s, Abraham’s and Nordström’s Research Programmes","authors":"R. M. Nugayev (Nugaev)","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The arguments are exhibited in favour of the necessity to modify the history of the genesis and advancement of general relativity (GR). I demonstrate that the dynamic creation of GR had been continually governed by internal tensions between two research traditions, that of special relativity and Newton’s gravity. The encounter of the traditions and their interpenetration entailed construction of the hybrid domain at first with an irregular set of theoretical models. Step by step, on eliminating the contradictions between the models contrived, the hybrid set was put into order. It is contended that the main reason of the GR victory over the rival programmes of Abraham and Nordström was a synthetic character of Einstein’s programme. Einstein had put forward as a basic synthetic principle the principle of equivalence that radically differed from that of rival approaches by its open, flexible and contra-ontological character.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"134 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81819266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionism and Common Sense. Notes on the History of Biology 进化论和常识。生物学历史笔记
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0009
Antonio B. Vieira
{"title":"Evolutionism and Common Sense. Notes on the History of Biology","authors":"Antonio B. Vieira","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Unable to find clear operational criteria for defining man, I have formerly chosen to characterise it thus: man is the only primate who guides his behaviour by prejudice. Now, one of the areas of human knowledge, science, proposes to reflect critically on its own validity according to demonstrable objectifying criteria, often quantifiable as well as open to refutation. Even the fabric of science, however, seeps prejudice, and temporary constructions (models and theories) that guide scientific research are open, in certain sensitive points, to manipulation and distortion aimed at another critical device – the common sense.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"15 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74147928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
How Our Biology Constrains Our Science 我们的生物学如何制约我们的科学
Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/kjps-2017-0002
Michael Vlerick
{"title":"How Our Biology Constrains Our Science","authors":"Michael Vlerick","doi":"10.1515/kjps-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reasoning from a naturalistic perspective, viewing the mind as an evolved biological organ with a particular structure and function, a number of influential philosophers and cognitive scientists claim that science is constrained by human nature. How exactly our genetic constitution constrains scientific representations of the world remains unclear. This is problematic for two reasons. Firstly, it often leads to the unwarranted conclusion that we are cognitively closed to certain aspects or properties of the world. Secondly, it stands in the way of a nuanced account of the relationship between our cognitive and perceptual wiring and scientific theory. In response, I propose a typology or classification of the different kinds of biological constraints and their sources on science. Using Boden’s (1990) notion of a conceptual space, I distinguish between constraints relating to the ease with which we can reach representations within our conceptual space (which I call ‘biases’) and constraints causing possible representations to fall outside of our conceptual space. This last kind of constraints does not entail that some aspects or properties of the world cannot be represented by us – as argued by advocates of ‘cognitive closure’ – merely that some ways of representing the world are inaccessible to us. It relates to what Clark (1986) and Rescher (1990) have framed as ‘the alien scientist hypothesis’ (the possibility that alien scientists, endowed with radically different cognitive abilities, could produce representations of the world that are unintelligible to us). The purpose of this typology is to provide some much needed clarity and structure to the debate about biological constraints on science.","PeriodicalId":52005,"journal":{"name":"Kairos-Journal of Philosophy & Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"31 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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