Macromolecules最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of Multiple Reentrant Transitions between Frank-Kasper and Classical Spherical Phases in AB-Type Dendron-Like Copolymer","authors":"Hongyan Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qingshu Dong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yicheng Qiang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Li Peng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xianbo Huang*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Weihua Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c02113","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c02113","url":null,"abstract":"<p >It has been commonly accepted that Frank-Kasper spherical phases are stabilized over the classical phases in AB-type block copolymers by expanding the spherical region toward a large volume fraction of the A-block (<i>f</i>). Qiang et al. drastically expand the spherical region to <i>f</i> &gt; 0.5 and find multiple reentrant transitions between Frank-Kasper and classical phases, the mechanisms of which have not yet been fully understood. In this work, we probe into the mechanisms by quantitatively analyzing the geometrical deformation of domains as well as its relationship with the chain architecture. As <i>f</i> increases, domains undergo convex deformation, followed by concave deformation to release the nonuniformity of stretching of short B-blocks filling the matrix. When convex deformation solely occurs, Frank-Kasper phases are favorable due to their milder deformation. As concave deformation starts to appear, the classical phases become more stable because their more convex deformation at the vertices of the Voronoi cell can alleviate the concave deformation on the faces. Moreover, it is revealed that the geometrical deformation is closely related with the dendritic architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"10192–10202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Hidden Miscibility: Entropy Diluent Strategy for Incompatible Polymer Blends","authors":"Jae Hyun Sim,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wanteak Hong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Thanh Van Vu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hyorin Choi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Youngbok Lee,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Youngjong Kang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01387","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01387","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymer mixtures are generally considered unfavorable for the preparation of homogeneous blend systems from thermodynamic perspectives, and enhancing miscibility remains particularly challenging for polymers lacking specific intermolecular interactions. Here, we demonstrate a simple and generalizable approach to enhance the apparent miscibility of such systems by incorporating benzoic acid (BA) as a removable entropy diluent. Using polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a model pair, we demonstrate that quaternary solutions of PS, PMMA, BA, and solvent yield blend films (PS/PMMA_BA) with markedly suppressed phase separation upon solution casting, in contrast to films prepared without BA (PS/PMMA_SC). Despite BA-induced chain extension in solution, the PS/PMMA_BA blend films exhibit a single glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) across various blend ratios, and the <i>T</i>_g composition behavior follows the Kwei equation, indicative of enhanced, though not ideal, miscibility. Solid-state NMR measurements reveal persistent microheterogeneity with a characteristic length scale estimated to be within tens of nanometers, below the resolution limits of conventional thermal analysis. Consequently, dynamic heterogeneity is indistinguishable by DSC, and the mechanical properties are significantly improved in the PS/PMMA_BA blends compared to BA-free controls. These findings highlight the utility of entropy diluents in compatibilizing classically immiscible polymer systems without relying on chemical modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9682–9691"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Water Volume Fraction on Water Adsorption in Anion Exchange Membranes","authors":"Gervasio Zaldivar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ruilin Dong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Joan M. Montes de Oca,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ge Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Riccardo Alessandri,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Christopher G. Arges,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shrayesh N. Patel,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Paul F. Nealey*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Juan J. de Pablo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01256","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01256","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water absorption plays a key role in the performance of polymeric anion exchange membranes. It influences important properties such as ionic conductivity and mechanical strength and alters their performance as solid electrolytes in hydrogen electrochemical devices for energy conversion. However, computational approaches that address the relationship between the polymer design and the absorption process are scarce. In this work, we introduce a simple thermodynamic model to predict the water absorption isotherms of polyelectrolyte membranes in contact with a water vapor reservoir that incorporates the specific chemical design of the polymers. The model accurately predicts the water content and macrostructural properties of polynorbornene membranes as a function of the water activity and successfully captures the effect of various polymer design parameters. The energy of pairwise attractive interactions predicted by our model provides a means to interpret the absorption process at the molecular level. The model also reveals the most significant favorable and unfavorable contributions to the free energy and indicates that their balance is solely governed by the water volume fraction, regardless of the polymer design. This universal behavior leads to important implications in the search for better ion exchange membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9972–9982"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Right Chain Length? Liquid Crystalline Network Tuning by Molecular Design","authors":"Simone Donato*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rachele Bini,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Giovanni Simonetti,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Neri Fuochi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Martina Salzano de Luna,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Camille Chatard,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pierre-Louis Brient,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Diederik S. Wiersma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Daniele Martella*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Camilla Parmeggiani,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01011","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01011","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Liquid crystalline networks (LCNs) are stimuli-responsive polymers with programmable actuation properties, including fast response times and tunable force generation. Their reversible deformations can be achieved under light irradiation when polymers are functionalized with photoresponsive molecules such as azobenzenes. All of these features need to be adapted for each specific application, and this is possible by tuning the material properties through molecular design. In this study, we demonstrate how to tailor both mechanical properties and light-dependent force development thanks to the synthesis of mesogenic cross-linkers with different alkyl chains. Acting on this molecular parameter allows modulating the maximum actuation force, while modifying the cross-linking degree is a more advantageous strategy to get fast activation. Our results provide valuable insights into the relationship between the molecular structure and material performance, paving the way for a rational design of innovative responsive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9672–9681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclization in Linear Step-Growth Polymerizations","authors":"Yinghao Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jing Lyu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wenxin Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00980","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00980","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Intramolecular cyclization is a pervasive yet often ignored factor in step-growth polymerizations (SGPs), particularly under dilute conditions. While experimental studies have confirmed the significant impact of concentration on cyclization, the lack of deep theoretical understanding has limited the ability to guide reaction design and predict the polymer structure. In this work, we adopt a reverse-engineering strategy to extract cyclization-related equations from experimental data using a classical A2 + B2 step-growth polymerization system. By combining analytical derivations with symbolic regression, a machine learning technique for generating closed-form expressions, we obtain explicit formulas for cyclization probability, degree of cyclization, degree of linear polymerization, and molecular weights as functions of monomer conversion and reaction concentration. These expressions capture the dynamic nature of cyclization and demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental results across a broad concentration range. Our work provides a new quantitative framework to incorporate cyclization into SGP theory and offers practical tools for predicting molecular structures and properties under real-world conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9653–9659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncovalent Cross-Linking of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer via Polyvinyl Chloride for Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Field-Effect Transistors","authors":"Hao Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chengyi Xiao*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Haonan Geng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianing Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ziheng Lu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Haiyun Fan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yonggang Zhen,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Weiwei Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01817","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01817","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The physical blending of insulating polymers into conjugated polymer matrices has emerged as an effective strategy to improve mechanical properties in flexible electronics through enhanced tie-chain density and noncovalent cross-linking network formation. In this study, we demonstrate polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as an effective tie-chain promoter for diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-thiophene copolymers (DPP-T) through C–H···S hydrogen bonding and C–Cl···C═O dipole–dipole force. The PVC/DPP-T blend simultaneously enhances mechanical properties (crack-onset strain: 40.3% to 80.2%; elastic modulus: 120 to 80 MPa) while maintaining charge transport performance (hole mobility: 0.03–0.06 cm² V^–1 s^–1) in stretchable organic field-effect transistors under 100% strain. This physical blending approach creates a noncovalent cross-linking network that improves electromechanical stability without complex synthetic modification, offering a practical solution to the intrinsic mobility-stretchability trade-off in conjugated polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9809–9818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Biodegradable and Biobased Poly(glycerol levulinate-co-glycerol malonate) Copolyesters with Controlled Degradation","authors":"Huru Rabia Gulec,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zaid Kareem,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mete Karaboyun,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Ersan Eyiler*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00383","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00383","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fully biobased oligomers were synthesized from glycerol, levulinic acid, and malonic acid via melt polycondensation. Itaconic acid with a carbon–carbon double bond was incorporated to enable cross-linking using dicumyl peroxide. The effect of the monomer molar ratio on material properties was investigated to understand the structure–property relationships. The addition of malonic acid, acting as both a monomer and a secondary cross-linker, was found to tune the glass-transition temperature, thermal stability, and degradation behavior of the cross-linked random copolyesters. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that malonic acid significantly improved the thermal stability, increasing it by up to 7.6% compared to the neat polymer. The cross-linked copolyesters exhibited excellent degradation profiles, making them suitable for biomedical applications where controlled degradation is essential. Additionally, they demonstrated outstanding shape memory properties, with a nearly 100% shape recovery, offering further potential for biomedical device fabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9952–9961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles with Arm Retraction in Entangled Polymer Melts","authors":"Yulong Chen*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yanfang Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhijun Xiang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Li Liu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jun Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01345","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01345","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Diffusion of nanoparticles loosely grafted with polymer chains of varied lengths in entangled melts of linear polymers was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The study showed that for nanoparticles with short graft chains that are unentangled with the matrix polymer, their transport is controlled by the frictions experienced by the nanoparticle core and the graft chains from the surrounding matrix; that is, the grafted nanoparticle can diffuse through dragging the grafts with it. At longer graft length <i>N</i>_g, when they are entangled with the matrix, a severe suppression of the polymer-grafted nanoparticle diffusivity was observed. For particles grafted with only two chains, the diffusivity decreases with <i>N</i>_g as <i>D</i> ∼ <i>N</i>_g^–2, suggesting a “snake-like” motion of the two-chain-grafted nanoparticles, like a linear chain. When multiple chains were grafted onto the nanoparticle, the decrease of <i>D</i> with <i>N</i>_g is more rapid than a power law, showing an exponential dependence on <i>N</i>_g, i.e., <i>D</i> ∼ exp(−α<i>N</i>_g), where α is a constant, due to the presence of extra grafts, blocking the reptation of the grafted nanoparticle. Instead, the multiple-chain-grafted nanoparticles can diffuse through one by one, rather than simultaneously, retractions of the graft chains. At much higher <i>N</i>_g, the “tube-renewal” effect of the surrounding matrix polymer emerges and gradually dominates the particle diffusion, as it becomes faster than the graft chain “retraction” process. Consequently, the diffusion coefficient deviates from the exponential relation and shows a progressively weaker dependence on <i>N</i>_g, until <i>D</i> ∼ <i>N</i>_g^–1 at sufficiently high <i>N</i>_g. Finally, we also observed non-Gaussian dynamics at the crossover from the subdiffusive to diffusive stages due to the slowly varying, spontaneous fluctuations of the surrounding matrix polymer. Our findings could advance the fabrication of high-performance polymeric nanocomposites and inform innovative design strategies for precision-engineered drug delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9586–9595"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling Waste Polypropylene into Multifunctional Homogeneous Additives for Simultaneously Enhanced Mechanical Performance and Processability","authors":"Wenkang Wei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yilun Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dali Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Dong Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01274","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01274","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Upcycling and incorporating waste polypropylene (PP) into a sustainable circular plastics economy remain a significant challenge. Herein, we report an efficient and cost-effective strategy to transform waste PP into advanced multifunctional homogeneous additives. Specifically, waste PP was converted into PP-vitrimers (PPv) through transesterification reactions and subsequently blended with commercial PP. Remarkably, the resulting PP/PPv blends exhibit substantial enhancements in mechanical properties, including elongation at break, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and thermal creep resistance, as well as improved melt processability. Detailed investigations reveal that the insoluble fraction of PPv (PPv-insol) acts as an efficient nucleating agent, uniformly dispersed within the PP matrix, significantly influencing crystallization kinetics (increased nucleation density, elevated crystallization temperature, and accelerated crystallization rate), crystalline structure (coexistence of smaller, more uniform spherulites alongside randomly oriented crystals), and polymorphism (predominantly the α form with a small fraction of the β form). Meanwhile, the soluble fraction (PPv-sol) functions as a lubricant, reducing intermolecular friction, lowering melt viscosity, and enhancing melt flowability. This work not only provides fundamental insights into the role of dynamic cross-linked networks in regulating polymer crystallization behavior and viscoelastic properties, significantly advancing our understanding of polymer/vitrimer composites, but also presents a practical, scalable, and industrially viable strategy for the high-value upcycling and utilization of waste PP.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9862–9875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile and Controlled Synthesis of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Polypeptide in an Acidic, Biphasic System","authors":"Jing Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xingliang Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhen Yuan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tianjian Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yao Lin*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Song*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jianjun Cheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01761","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.macromol.5c01761","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polypeptides are typically synthesized via the PEG-NH₂-initiated ring-opening polymerization of <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), which may otherwise result in broad, uncontrolled, multimodal molecular weight distributions, omitting tedious monomer purification, an anhydrous setup, and the use of specially designed initiators and/or catalysts. The cooperative covalent polymerization in a biphasic system that we recently developed shows substantially improved simplicity but still relies on the use of PEG-helical polypeptide macroinitiators for the synthesis of the intended PEG-polypeptides. Herein, we report the preparation of PEG-polypeptides directly from a PEG-NH₂ initiator in such a biphasic system by simply tuning its aqueous or organic phase to acidic pH and using the subsequently formed protonated (dormant)/nonprotonated (active) equilibrated chain-end group to modulate polypeptide chain propagation, yielding a variety of PEG-polypeptide materials with controlled molecular weights and diverse side-chain functionalities. Additionally, the biphasic segregation effect enables the in situ purification of NCAs, rendering controlled polymerization from crude monomers. As setting up a biphasic system and tuning its pH are very easy, PEG-NH₂ is readily available, and the crude NCAs can be easily prepared by following standard protocols; this robust polymerization method should be simple enough for anyone who has basic synthetic skills to manage the controlled preparation of PEG-polypeptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":51,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecules","volume":"58 18","pages":"9692–9699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}