IJTLD open最新文献_第7页

TB prevention activities in the WHO European Region. 世界卫生组织欧洲地区的结核病预防活动。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0350

A Matteelli, Z Mkrtchyan, T Masini, A Hovhannesyan, G Kuchukhidze, S Ahmedov, P Kerndt, L Rossi, A Yedilbayev, D Falzon, A Dadu

{"title":"TB prevention activities in the WHO European Region.","authors":"A Matteelli, Z Mkrtchyan, T Masini, A Hovhannesyan, G Kuchukhidze, S Ahmedov, P Kerndt, L Rossi, A Yedilbayev, D Falzon, A Dadu","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0350","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: TB preventive treatment (TPT) is the primary available healthcare intervention to reduce the risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease. The WHO Regional Office for Europe established the European Prevention and Systematic Screening Initiative to End TB (PASS) to scale up activities related to the programmatic management of TPT. In the absence of a system to measure and monitor preventive activities, a baseline assessment survey was carried out to provide a reference to monitor the scale-up of the intervention.Methods: This was a semi-structured survey including 52 questions that was developed, implemented in the WHO-hosted LimeSurvey data form and sent to focal points in the 55 countries and territories in the European Region between September and October 2023. The questions covered TPT, systematic screening and infection prevention and control.Results: A total of 28 questionnaires were returned, corresponding to an overall 51% response rate. Most national policies for TPT and TB screening are in line with the latest WHO guidelines. However, implementation of TB screening, prevention, and infection control activities is lagging. Results are presented separately for high-priority and low-priority countries.Conclusion: The survey identified several important areas that the PASS initiative will focus on to accelerate efforts towards reaching the targets set at the 2027 UN High-Level Meeting on TB for preventive therapy in the European Region. This will require a massive scale-up of efforts and larger investments, as well as coordinated approaches and interventions across the 'cascade' of prevention, from the identification of target populations to the completion of treatment.","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"1 8","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0230

Z G Dememew, A A Deribew, D G Datiko, K Melkieneh, T G Laloto, S Negash, C Gilmartin, M Melese, P G Suarez

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial action of penicillin against Mycobacterium avium complex. 青霉素对分枝杆菌复合体的抗菌作用

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0238

D Deshpande, G Magombedze, S Srivastava, T Gumbo

{"title":"Antibacterial action of penicillin against Mycobacterium avium complex.","authors":"D Deshpande, G Magombedze, S Srivastava, T Gumbo","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0238","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0238","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: β-lactam antibiotics are promising treatments for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease. We hypothesized that benzylpenicillin has efficacy against MAC.Methods: Benzylpenicillin lung concentration-time profiles of seven doses in three dosing schedules were administered for 28 days using the hollow fiber system model of intracellular MAC (HFS-MAC). Data were analyzed using the inhibitory sigmoid maximal effect (Emax) model for each sampling day, while two ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were used for the wild-type and penicillin-resistant mutants.Results: Benzylpenicillin killed >2.1 log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL below Day 0, better than azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifabutin. Efficacy was terminated by acquired resistance. Sigmoid Emax parameter estimates significantly differed between sampling days and were a poor fit. However, ODE model parameter estimates vs. exposure were a better fit. The exposure mediating Emax was 84.6% (95% CI 76.91-82.98) of time concentration exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In Monte Carlo experiments, 24 million international units of benzylpenicillin continuous infusion achieved the target exposure in lungs of >90% of 10,000 subjects until an MIC of 64 mg/L, designated the susceptibility breakpoint.Conclusions: Benzylpenicillin demonstrated a better bactericidal effect against MAC than guideline-recommended drugs before the development of resistance. Its role in combination therapy with other drugs with better efficacy than guideline-recommended drugs should be explored.","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"1 8","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiota alterations in patients treated for susceptible or drug-resistant TB. 接受易感或耐药结核病治疗的患者体内微生物群的变化。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0325

M Hauptmann, B Kalsdorf, J E Akoh-Arrey, C Lange, U E Schaible

{"title":"Microbiota alterations in patients treated for susceptible or drug-resistant TB.","authors":"M Hauptmann, B Kalsdorf, J E Akoh-Arrey, C Lange, U E Schaible","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0325","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0325","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We investigated alterations of human microbiota under anti-TB therapies in relationship to the level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug response.Methods: Stool, sputum, and oral swab samples were analysed from participants with treatment-naïve TB and participants treated for drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), drug-resistant TB without injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj-), or with injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj+) at 27-42 days of therapy.Results: From September 2018 to December 2019, 5 participants with treatment-naïve TB, 6 participants with DS-TB, 10 participants with DR-TB-inj-, and 4 participants with DR-TB-inj+ were recruited. Reduced alpha diversities in stool samples indicated more profound dysbiosis in participants treated for DR-TB than in participants treated for DS-TB (-12% (non-significant) for DS-TB, -44% (P < 0.001) for DR-TB-inj-, and -60% (P < 0.05) for DR-TB-inj+ compared to treatment-naïve participants). While reduced abundances were observed in numerous taxa, genus Lactobacillus revealed the most substantial abundance increase in sputa of participants treated for DR-TB compared to treatment-naïve ones (P < 0.05 for DR-TB-inj- and DR-TB-inj+). Notably, a group of nosocomial pneumonia-associated taxa was increased in oral swabs of the DR-TB-inj+ compared to the treatment-naïve group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Second-line anti-TB therapy in participants with DR-TB results in altered microbiota, including reduced alpha diversity and expansion of phylogenetically diverse taxa, including pathobionts.","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"1 8","pages":"355-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking latent TB? Think again. 重新思考潜伏肺结核？再想一想

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0336

R E Chaisson, P C Hopewell

引用次数: 0

The TB burden in East Java, Indonesia, post-COVID-19. 印度尼西亚东爪哇的结核病负担，COVID-19 后。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0270

S Palupi, I Pambudi, T T Pakasi, S Sulistyo, K K K Htet, V Chongsuvivatwong

引用次数: 0

Outcomes of people with TB reported to the WHO Global Clinical Platform of COVID-19. 向世界卫生组织 COVID-19 全球临床平台报告的肺结核患者的治疗结果。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0210

M Bastard, D Falzon, S Bertagnolio, R Silva, S S Thwin, C Siquiera Boccolini, J Rylance, J Diaz, M Zignol

{"title":"Outcomes of people with TB reported to the WHO Global Clinical Platform of COVID-19.","authors":"M Bastard, D Falzon, S Bertagnolio, R Silva, S S Thwin, C Siquiera Boccolini, J Rylance, J Diaz, M Zignol","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0210","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: TB is a leading infectious cause of death worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns that the burden of TB disease and death would increase due to the synergy between the two conditions.Methods: We used individual-level data submitted to the WHO Global Clinical Platform for COVID-19 on hospitalised patients to explore associations of TB with mortality using multivariable logistic regression.Results: Data were available from 453,233 persons with COVID-19 and known TB status and mortality outcomes from 62 countries (96% SARS-CoV-2 test-positive). Of these, 48% were male, and the median age was 53 years (IQR 38-67). There were 8,214 cases with current TB reported by 46 countries, mainly from Africa. Of people with current TB, 31.4% were admitted with severe illness, and 24.5% died. Current TB was independently associated with higher mortality when adjusted for age, sex, HIV status, illness severity at hospital admission, and underlying conditions (adjusted RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.35-1.61).Conclusion: Current or past TB were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality regardless of illness severity at admission. Caveats for interpretation include changes during the data collection period (viral variation, vaccination coverage) and opportunistic sampling. However, the platform exemplifies how timely, coordinated global reporting can inform our understanding of health emergencies and the vulnerable populations affected.","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"1 8","pages":"338-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Savings from the introduction of BPaL and BPaLM regimens at the country level. 在国家一级采用 BPaL 和 BPaLM 方案所节省的费用。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0213

C Auer, A Gupta, C Malbacius, A Ghafoor, Y Kock, O Medvedieva, P Hanlon, P Steinmann, S Juneja

{"title":"Savings from the introduction of BPaL and BPaLM regimens at the country level.","authors":"C Auer, A Gupta, C Malbacius, A Ghafoor, Y Kock, O Medvedieva, P Hanlon, P Steinmann, S Juneja","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0213","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2022, the WHO recommended the 6-month regimens BPaL (bedaquiline + pretomanid + linezolid) and BPaLM (BPaL + moxifloxacin) as treatment options for most forms of drug-resistant TB. SLASH-TB estimates the cost-saving and cost-effectiveness for the healthcare system and patients when a country switches from current standard-of-care treatment regimens to BPaL/BPaLM.Methodology: Country data from national TB programmes (NTP) are used to calculate the costs for all regimens and treatment outcomes. Where BPaL/BPaLM is not currently used, clinical trial outcomes data are used to estimate cost-effectiveness. DALYs are calculated using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database.Results: We present the results of four countries that have used the tool and shared their data. When shorter and longer regimens are replaced with BPaL/BPaLM, the savings per patient treated in Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, and Ukraine are $746, $478, $757, and $2,636, respectively. An increased number of patients would be successfully treated with BPaL/BPaLM regimens, with 411, 1,025, 1,371 and 829 lives saved and 20,179, 27,443, 33,384 and 21,924 DALYs averted annually in the four countries, respectively.Conclusion: Through BPaL/BPaLM regimens, drug-resistant TB treatment has become more effective, shorter, less burdensome for patients, cheaper for both health systems and patients, and saves more lives.","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"1 7","pages":"314-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11257096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The implementation of whole-genome sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam. 在越南实施结核分枝杆菌全基因组测序。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0147

D T Huong, T M Walker, D T Ha, K T T Ngoc, V N Trung, L T Nam, P T T Ngoc, L T Nguyet, N T Thanh, N H Minh, N K Cuong, N V Khiem, H V T Ngoc, T T T Bich, H N Hong, P P Trieu, L K Lan, K Lan, N N Hue, N T L Huong, T L T N Thao, N L Quang, T D D Anh, D W Crook, G E Thwaites, N T T Thuong, N B Hoa, D V Luong, N V Hung

引用次数: 0

Healthcare-seeking behavior among people with HIV undergoing TB screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，接受肺结核筛查的 HIV 感染者的就医行为。

IJTLD open Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0111

I Aggarwal, L H Chaisson, B Opira, D W Dowdy, P P J Phillips, F C Semitala, C Yoon

引用次数: 0