bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology最新文献

{"title":"Conformational Landscaping and Dynamic Mutational Profiling of Binding Interactions and Immune Escape for Broadly Neutralizing Class I Antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: Distributed Binding Hotspot Networks Underlie Mechanism of Viral Resistance Against Existing Variants.","authors":"Mohammed Alshahrani, Vedant Parikh, Brandon Foley, Gennady Verkhivker","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.07.658468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.07.658468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the need for a detailed understanding of antibody binding mechanisms to combat immune evasion by emerging variants. In this study, we investigated the interactions between Class I neutralizing antibodies BD55-1205, BD-604, OMI-42, P5S-1H1, and P5S-2B10 and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using multiscale modeling which combined coarse-grained simulations and atomistic reconstruction of conformational landscapes together with mutational scanning of the binding interfaces, dynamic profiling of binding and immune escape using molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) analysis. A central theme emerging from this work is the critical role of epitope breadth and interaction diversity in determining an antibody resilience to mutations. BD55-1205 antibody exemplifies the advantages of broad epitope coverage and distributed hotspot mechanisms. By engaging an extensive network of residues across the RBD, BD55-1205 minimizes its dependence on individual side-chain conformations, allowing it to maintain robust binding even when key residues are mutated. This adaptability is particularly evident in its tolerance to mutations at positions such as L455 and F456, which severely compromise other antibodies. The ability of BD55-1205 to sustain cumulative interactions underscores the importance of targeting diverse epitopes through multiple interaction mechanisms, a strategy that enhances resistance to immune evasion while maintaining functional integrity. In contrast, BD-604 and OMI-42, with localized binding mechanisms, are more vulnerable to escape mutations at critical positions such as L455, F456, and A475. P5S-1H1 and P5S-2B10 exhibit intermediate behavior, balancing specificity and adaptability but lacking the robustness of BD55-1205. Mutational scanning identified key residues Y421, Y489, and F456 as critical hotspots for RBD stability and antibody binding, highlighting their dual role in viral fitness and immune evasion. The computational predictions generated through mutational scanning and MM-GBSA analysis demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental data on average antibody escape scores. This study underscores the diversity of binding mechanisms employed by different antibodies and molecular basis for high affinity and excellent neutralization activity of the latest generation of antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel self-organizing embryonic stem cell system reveals the role of Wnt signaling parameters in anterior-posterior patterning of the nervous system.","authors":"Siqi Du, Aryeh Warmflash","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.07.658391","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.07.658391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Wnt activity gradient is essential for the formation of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis in all vertebrates. The relationship between the dynamics of Wnt signaling and specification of AP coordinates is difficult to study in mammalian embryos due to the inaccessibility of developing embryos and the difficulty of live imaging. Here, we developed an <i>in vitro</i> model of human neuroectoderm patterning, where the AP axis self-organizes along the radius of a micropatterned human pluripotent stem cell colony. We used this system to study the quantitative relationship between Wnt signaling in space and time and the resulting AP patterns. We found that rather than a smoothly varying gradient along the axis, signaling is elevated in midbrain compared to either surrounding region. The timing, rather than the amplitude or duration, of the Wnt response played the most important role in setting axial coordinates. These results establish a simple system for studying the patterning of the human nervous system and elucidate how cells interpret Wnt dynamics to determine their position along the AP axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Cell Spatial Profiling Identifies Region-Specific Extracellular Matrix Adhesion and Signaling Networks in Glioblastoma.","authors":"Arpan De, Santiago A Forero, Ali Pirani, John E Morales, Marisol De La Fuente-Granada, Sumod Sebastian, Jason T Huse, Leomar Y Ballester, Jeffrrey S Weinberg, Frederick F Lang, Kadir C Akdemir, Joseph H McCarty","doi":"10.1101/2024.10.31.621280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.31.621280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain contains a rich milieu of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are often dysregulated in pathologies including the malignant cancer glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we have used in situ single-cell spatial transcriptomic platforms to map the expression patterns of nearly 400 ECM genes in normal brain and GBM samples. Our analysis identifies at least four different GBM cell populations with unique ECM expression profiles that show spatial enrichment in distinct intratumor regions. Spatial mapping also demonstrates largely non-overlapping expression signatures of various ECM components in GBM stromal cell types, particularly in vascular endothelial cells and reactive microglia/macrophages. Comparisons of GBM (IDH1 wild type) versus lower-grade II and III astrocytoma samples (IDH1 R132H) identifies differential expression of key ECM components, including elevated levels of select ECM glycoproteins (IGFBP2 and MGP) and ECM-affiliated proteins (ANXA1 and ANXA2). In addition, we detect spatially enriched expression of COL8A1 (collagen), LUM (proteoglycan), and POSTN (ECM glycoprotein) in perivascular stromal cells in GBM but not in lower grade tumors. Computational analysis of putative ligand-receptor interactions reveals novel ECM communication networks between cancer cells and stromal components, particularly in regions of GBM microvascular proliferation and pseudopalisading necrosis. In summary, this comprehensive spatial map provides new insights into microenvironmental control of GBM initiation and progression and identifies potential therapeutic targets in the ECM.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent and divergent brain-cognition relationships during development revealed by cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in the ABCD Study.","authors":"Yapei Xie, Shaoshi Zhang, Csaba Orban, Leon Qi Rong Ooi, Ru Kong, Dorothea L Floris, Xi-Nian Zuo, Elvisha Dhamala, Avram J Holmes, Lucina Q Uddin, Thomas E Nichols, Adriana Di Martino, B T Thomas Yeo","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.06.658294","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.06.658294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How brain networks and cognition co-evolve during development remains poorly understood. Using longitudinal data collected at baseline and Year 2 from 2,949 individuals (ages 8.9-13.5) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we show that baseline resting-state functional connectivity (FC) more strongly predicts future cognitive ability than concurrent cognitive ability. Models trained on baseline FC to predict baseline cognition generalize better to Year 2 data, suggesting that brain-cognition relationships strengthen over time. Intriguingly, baseline FC outperforms longitudinal FC change in predicting future cognitive ability. Differences in measurement reliability do not fully explain this discrepancy: although FC change is less reliable (intraclass correlation, ICC = 0.24) than baseline FC (ICC = 0.56), matching baseline FC's reliability by shortening scan time only partially narrows the predictive gap. Furthermore, neither baseline FC nor FC change meaningfully predicts longitudinal change in cognitive ability. We also identify converging and diverging predictive network features across cross-sectional and longitudinal models of brain-cognition relationships, revealing a multivariate twist on Simpson's paradox. Together, these findings suggest that during early adolescence, stable individual differences in brain functional network organization exert a stronger influence on future cognitive outcomes than short-term changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprotomer Communication and Functional Asymmetry in H/ACA snoRNPs.","authors":"Hemendra Singh Panwar, Timothy John Vos, Xiaoyan Xie, Hyo Sik Jang, Hyoungjoo Lee, Ryan Sheldon, Evan Worden, Ute Kothe","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.07.658439","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.07.658439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (H/ACA snoRNPs) facilitate essential cellular processes such as RNA modification, folding, and stability. Here, we present multiple cryo-EM structures of endogenous, catalytically active insect H/ACA snoRNPs containing two protomers assembled on a two-hairpin H/ACA snoRNA. By characterizing key protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions, we reveal the coordination of pseudouridylation activity across the two protomers which explains the predominance of two-hairpin structures in eukaryotic H/ACA snoRNAs. Moreover, we discovered that several mutations in H/ACA proteins associated with Dyskeratosis congenita directly impair pseudouridine formation suggesting how these mutations disrupt RNA modification and ribosome biogenesis in this disease. Additionally, we uncover coordinated structural changes between Nop10, Nhp2 and the N-terminal extensions of Cbf5 in the 3' protomer that resemble active and inactive conformations and may regulate H/ACA snoRNP activity. In summary, this study provides detailed insight into the structure and function of RNA modification-competent, asymmetric H/ACA snoRNPs, which play pivotal roles in cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis, rRNA folding, (m)RNA modification, and telomere maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in a high and a low altitude population.","authors":"O A Gray, D B Witonsky, A Di Rienzo","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.04.657917","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.04.657917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tibetan adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia remains a classic example of Darwinian selection in humans. To identify adaptive traits that might have evolved in Tibetans in response to long-term exposure to hypoxia, we previously established a library of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from Tibetan and Han Chinese individuals, as a robust model system for the exploration of condition-specific molecular and cellular responses. We used this system to characterize and compare the transcriptome of iPSC-derived endothelial cells and found that angiogenesis, energy metabolism and immune pathways differ between the cell lines from these two populations. Here, we harness the same experimental system to characterize and compare the transcriptome of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in Tibetan and Han Chinese in hypoxia. We find that several pathways, such as the hypoxia, myogenesis and glycolysis pathways, are significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes across populations. These pathways are candidate targets of natural selection due to exposure to the high-altitude hypoxic environment and point to adaptive cardiac traits such as sustained cardiac function in hypoxia. A better understanding of these adaptations may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies for hypoxia-related cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension and ischemic heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of chromatin-associated RNAs at human centromeres.","authors":"Kelsey Fryer, Charles Limouse, Aaron F Straight","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658139","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centromeres are a specialized chromatin domain that are required for the assembly of the mitotic kinetochore and the accurate segregation of chromosomes. Non-coding RNAs play essential roles in regulating genome organization including at the unique chromatin environment present at human centromeres. We performed Chromatin-Associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) in three different human cell lines to identify and map RNAs associated with centromeric chromatin. Centromere enriched RNAs display distinct contact behaviors across repeat arrays and generally belong to three categories: centromere encoded, nucleolar localized, and highly abundant, broad-binding RNAs. Most centromere encoded RNAs remain locally associated with their transcription locus with the exception of a subset of human satellite RNAs. This work provides a comprehensive identification of centromere bound RNAs that may regulate the organization and activity of the centromere.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and characterization of a mouse model of conditional <i>Chd4</i> knockout in the endometrial epithelium.","authors":"Shannon K Harkins, Hilary J Skalski, Abigail Z Bennett, Laura Pavliscak, Amelia R Arendt, Lauren Wood, Genna E Moldovan, Ronald L Chandler","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658183","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromatin remodeling plays an integral part in endometrial homeostasis, having roles in the maintenance of cell identity, epithelial integrity, and prevention of endometrial disease. Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (<i>CHD4</i>) is a chromatin remodeling protein and member of the NuRD complex, which predominantly represses transcription. <i>CHD4</i> is mutated in endometrial carcinoma, with most mutations leading to loss of function. <i>CHD4</i> has been identified as a tumor suppressor and regulator of stemness in endometrial carcinoma cells, but little is known about the tissue-specific roles of <i>CHD4</i> in the endometrial epithelia <i>in vivo.</i> We generated a conditional <i>Chd4</i> floxed allele and combined it with <i>BAC-Sprr2f-Cre</i> to drive <i>Chd4</i> loss in the endometrial epithelium. Consistent with previous reports, <i>BAC-Sprr2f-Cre</i> expression is absent in the oviducts, ovaries, and kidneys, and it shows variegated expression within the endometrial epithelium. Loss of CHD4 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and stained cells were quantified to determine the percentage of endometrial epithelial cells with and without CHD4. Compared to the glandular epithelium, the extent of CHD4 loss was higher in the luminal epithelium and unaffected by age. Mice with conditional knockout of <i>Chd4</i> had normal endometrial histology. A 6-month breeding trial was performed to assess the functional effects of endometrial epithelial <i>Chd4</i> loss on fertility. No difference in litter size, mean number of pups per litter per dam, or pup weight was found between genotypes. These findings demonstrate that <i>Chd4</i> conditional loss using <i>BAC-Sprr2f-Cre</i> is not sufficient to alter the structure and function of the endometrial epithelium or drive tumorigenesis. As <i>CHD4</i> is frequently co-mutated with other cancer driver genes such as <i>TP53</i>, <i>PIK3CA</i>, and <i>PTEN</i>, future mouse modeling efforts emulating patient mutational profiles might provide insight into the role of <i>CHD4</i> in endometrial carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Delivery of 4-Aminopyridine Enhances Skin Regeneration in Burn Wounds.","authors":"Govindaraj Ellur, Meenakshi Kamaraj, John Elfar, Prem Kumar Govindappa, Johnson V John","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.05.658142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn wounds are a common traumatic injury that impair cellular function and hinder the healing process, often resulting in significant skin loss. While autologous skin grafting is considered the gold standard for treating burns, its widespread use is limited due to donor site morbidity and the requirement for large amounts of tissue. Traditional wound dressings and treatments often fail to ensure complete recovery. Being initially FDA-approved to treat multiple sclerosis, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has also been shown to accelerate burn wound closure by transforming keratinocytes and fibroblasts when administered systemically. However, prolonged systemic use of 4-AP can lead to significant side effects. In this study, we aimed to repurpose 4-AP for treating skin burn wounds by delivering it topically using a laponite-gelatin gel formulation. This method allows for non-invasive and localized drug delivery on burn wound site. We evaluated the physical properties of the 4-AP gel shear thinning behavior, drug release kinetics, biocompatibility, and functional wound closure using a scratch assay. Moreover, our in vivo experiments showed that the 4-AP loaded gel accelerates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization and hair follicle regeneration and promoting fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation, which supports extracellular matrix remodeling after skin burns. This novel application of the 4-AP gel could offer a promising alternative to current burn wound therapies, potentially leading to improved outcomes for burn patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tunable Pulmonary Organoid Model Demonstrates Compositionally Driven Epithelial Plasticity and Immune Polarization.","authors":"Sophie E Edelstein, Satoshi Mizoguchi, Maria Tomas Gracia, Nuoya Wang, Vi Lee, Hahram Kim, Connor Haynes, Colten Danelski, Tomoshi Tsuchiya, Maor Sauler, Micha Sam Brickman Raredon","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.05.658120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.05.658120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aberrant epithelial regeneration and immune remodeling are hallmarks of chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), COPD, and post-viral syndromes. Yet how cellular context shapes these trajectories remains unresolved. We present a tunable, primary rat-derived lung organoid model that systematically varies immune, epithelial, and mesenchymal inputs to reveal how composition alone dictates epithelial plasticity and macrophage polarization. Across conditions, we observed the spontaneous emergence of disease-relevant transitional cell states, including Sox9+ stressed progenitors, RAS/AT0-like intermediates, and hillock-like cells, alongside distinct macrophage activation profiles. In mesenchyme-rich contexts, epithelial-immune-mesenchymal crosstalk appeared to reinforce inflammatory signaling and stabilize transitional persistence, while immune-dominant inputs favored ATI-like repair and squamous remodeling. Notably, hillock-like cells displayed context-specific polarization and expressed immune-regulatory genes, suggesting a role as epithelial orchestrators that help calibrate inflammatory response during regeneration. Connectomic analysis revealed that regenerative outcomes were associated with dynamic multicellular signaling networks that integrate stress sensing, immune coordination, and epithelial fate. This platform provides a tractable system for modeling context-specific repair and regenerative mechanisms and could inform therapeutic strategies aimed at redirecting epithelial fate in chronic lung disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}