Health and social care delivery research最新文献

{"title":"Types and aspects of support that young carers need and value, and barriers and enablers to access: the REBIAS-YC qualitative study.","authors":"Nicola Brimblecombe, Madeleine Stevens, Sara Gowen, Jo Moriarty, Robin Skyer, Annette Bauer, Camille Bou","doi":"10.3310/ABAT6761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/ABAT6761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many children and young people in England provide support to family members who are disabled, have mental or physical ill health, or misuse drugs or alcohol. Providing care can negatively impact children and young people's education, employment, health and social participation, with associated costs. Support is needed to prevent and reduce these negative impacts. The study sought to provide new knowledge and address prior research gaps regarding how best to support young carers from their perspective and that of the people they care for.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To address the following questions: What types, components or features of services and other support are seen as helpful, valued, and acceptable to young people who look after someone at home and the people they support? Conversely, what is found to be less or unhelpful? What additional support is perceived as needed? What are the barriers experienced by young and young adult carers in seeking and accessing services for themselves or the person they support? What are the barriers and facilitators for practitioners in providing support and services perceived as valued, helpful and needed by young and young adult carers and the people they support?</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>In-depth qualitative methodology using focus groups, in-depth semistructured interviews and workshops in four localities in England.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred and thirty-three carers aged 9-25 years with a range of caring and life circumstances and sociodemographic characteristics. Seventeen adult care recipients (parents) with a range of physical and/or mental healthcare and support needs. Nineteen practitioners from schools, colleges, young carers organisations, voluntary sector services, mental health services, the National Health Service, adult social care and local authority adult and children's social care commissioners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The types and aspects of support that young carers and their families need, and value when received, include: support that reduces or removes their practical and emotional caring responsibilities; support to mitigate the negative impacts of care and help with other life issues; information and advice about services and wider resources and support; someone trusted available to talk to; greater awareness, recognition and understanding; and choice, flexibility, and co-development of plans and solutions. We found a great deal of unmet need for support, and variation in type and quality of support received, including geographically.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Potential limitations are that we were not able to engage with, or recruit, young carers from some intended subgroups, meaning some perspectives are missing. Partly because of COVID-19 measures during the study, we mainly recruited through young carers organisations and their family projects, although this was balanced by recru","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 36","pages":"1-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Health Hubs: a rapid mixed-methods evaluation.","authors":"Kelly Daniel, Jennifer Bousfield, Lucy Hocking, Louise Jackson, Beck Taylor","doi":"10.3310/JYFT5036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/JYFT5036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women's sexual and reproductive health needs are complex and vary across the life course. They are met by a range of providers, professionals and venues. Provision is not well integrated, with inequalities in access. In some areas of the United Kingdom Women's Health Hubs have been established to improve provision, experience and outcomes for women, and to address inequalities and reduce costs. These models were established prior to the national implementation of Women's Health Hubs announced in the English 2022 Women's Health Strategy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the 'current state of the art', mapping the United Kingdom landscape, and studying experiences of delivering and using Women's Health Hubs across England, defining key features and early markers of success to inform policy and practice.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A mixed-methods evaluation, comprising three work packages: Mapping the Women's Health Hub landscape and context and developing a definition of Women's Health Hubs, informed by an online national survey of Women's Health Hub leaders, and interviews with regional stakeholders. In-depth evaluation in four hub sites, including interviews with staff and women, focus groups in local communities and documentary analysis. Interviews with national stakeholders and consolidation of findings from work packages 1 and 2. Fieldwork was undertaken from May 2022 to March 2023. The evaluation was initiated prior to the national scale-up of Women's Health Hubs announced in the 2022 Women's Health Strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most areas of the United Kingdom did not have a Women's Health Hub. Seventeen active services were identified, established between 2001 and 2022. Women's Health Hubs were diverse, predominantly GP-led, with different perspectives of the role and definition of a hub. Women using hubs reported positive experiences, finding services caring and convenient. Implementation facilitators included committed, collaborative leaders working across boundaries, sufficient workforce capacity and a supportive policy context. Challenges included access to funding, commissioning, workforce issues, facilities and equipment, stakeholder engagement and wider system integration, priorities and pressures. Leaders were committed to addressing inequalities, but evidence of impact was still emerging.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>It was challenging to locate models; therefore, some may have been missed. Data availability limited assessment of impact, including inequalities. Some population groups were not represented in the data, and the evaluation was more provider-oriented. It was not possible to develop a typology of Women's Health Hubs as planned due to heterogeneity in models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Existing Women's Health Hub models were providing integrated approaches to meet local needs. Many were at an early stage of development. Evidence of system-level im","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 30","pages":"1-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing feasible person-centred care alternatives to emergency department responses for adults with epilepsy: a discrete choice analysis mixed-methods study.","authors":"Adam J Noble, Pete Dixon, Amy Mathieson, Leone Ridsdale, Myfanwy Morgan, Alison McKinlay, Jon Dickson, Steve Goodacre, Mike Jackson, Beth Morris, Dyfrig Hughes, Anthony Marson, Emily Holmes","doi":"10.3310/HKQW4129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/HKQW4129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calls have been made for paramedics to have some form of care pathway that they could use to safely divert adults with epilepsy away from emergency departments and instigate ambulatory care improvements. Different configurations are possible. To know which to prioritise for implementation/evaluation, there is a need to determine which are acceptable to service users and likely National Health Service-feasible.</p><p><strong>Objective(s): </strong>(1) Identify configurations being considered, (2) understand service users' views of them and current provision, (3) identify what sort of care service users want and (4) determine which configuration(s) is considered to achieve optimal balance in meeting users' preference and being National Health Service-feasible.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Service providers were surveyed to address objective 1. Interviews with service users addressed objective 2. Objective 3 was addressed by completing discrete choice experiments. These determined users' care preferences for different seizure scenarios. Objective 4 was addressed by completing 'knowledge exchange' workshops. At these, stakeholders considered the findings on users' stated preferences and judged different pathway configurations against Michie's 'acceptability, practicability, effectiveness, affordability, side-effects and equity' feasibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This project took place in England. The survey recruited representatives from neurology and neuroscience centres and from urgent and emergency care providers. For the interviews, recruitment occurred via third-sector support groups. Recruitment for discrete choice experiments occurred via the North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust and public advert. Workshop participants were recruited from neurology and neuroscience centres, urgent and emergency care providers, support groups and commissioning networks.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seventy-two services completed the survey. Interviews were conducted with 25 adults with epilepsy (and 5 relatives) who had emergency service contact in the prior 12 months. Discrete choice experiments were completed by 427 adults with epilepsy (and 167 relatives) who had ambulance service contact in the prior 12 months. Workshops were completed with 27 stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey identified a range of pathway configurations. They differed in where they would take the patient and their potential to instigate ambulatory care improvements. Users had been rarely consulted in designing them. The discrete choice experiments found that users want a configuration of care markedly different to that offered. Across the seizure scenarios, users wanted their paramedic to have access to their medical records; for an epilepsy specialist (e.g. an epilepsy nurse, neurologist) to be available to advise; for their general practitioner to receive a report; for the incident to generate an appoi","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 24","pages":"1-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health screening clinic to reduce absenteeism and presenteeism among NHS Staff: eTHOS a pilot RCT.","authors":"Rachel Adams, Rachel E Jordan, Alisha Maher, Peymane Adab, Timothy Barrett, Sheriden Bevan, Lucy Cooper, Ingrid DuRand, Florence Edwards, Pollyanna Hardy, Ciara Harris, Nicola R Heneghan, Kate Jolly, Sue Jowett, Tom Marshall, Margaret O'Hara, Christopher Poyner, Kiran Rai, Hugh Rickards, Ruth Riley, Natalie Ives, Steven Sadhra, Sarah Tearne, Gareth Walters, Elizabeth Sapey","doi":"10.3310/KDST3869","DOIUrl":"10.3310/KDST3869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staff sickness absenteeism and presenteeism (attending work while unwell) incur high costs to the NHS, are associated with adverse patient outcomes and have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main causes are mental and musculoskeletal ill health with cardiovascular risk factors common.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To undertake a feasibility study to inform the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a health screening clinic in reducing absenteeism and presenteeism amongst the National Health Service staff.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Individually randomised controlled pilot trial of the staff health screening clinic compared with usual care, including qualitative process evaluation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four United Kingdom National Health Service hospitals from two urban and one rural Trust.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Hospital employees who had not previously attended a pilot health screening clinic at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Nurse-led staff health screening clinic with assessment for musculoskeletal health (STarT musculoskeletal; STarT Back), mental health (patient health questionnaire-9; generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire-7) and cardiovascular health (NHS health check if aged ≥ 40, lifestyle check if < 40 years). Screen positives were given advice and/or referral to services according to UK guidelines.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The three coprimary outcomes were recruitment, referrals and attendance at referred services. These formed stop/go criteria when considered together. If any of these values fell into the 'amber' zone, then the trial would require modifications to proceed to full trial. If all were 'red', then the trial would be considered unfeasible. Secondary outcomes collected to inform the design of the definitive randomised controlled trial included: generalisability, screening results, individual referrals required/attended, health behaviours, acceptability/feasibility of processes, indication of contamination and costs. Outcomes related to the definitive trial included self-reported and employee records of absenteeism with reasons. Process evaluation included interviews with participants, intervention delivery staff and service providers. Descriptive statistics were presented and framework analysis conducted for qualitative data. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes were captured up to 6 months only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and fourteen participants were consented (236 randomised), the majority within 4 months. The recruitment rate of 314/3788 (8.3%) invited was lower than anticipated (meeting red for this criteria), but screening identified that 57/118 (48.3%) randomised were eligible for referral to either general practitioner (81%), mental health (18%) and/or physiotherapy services (30%) (green). ","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 23","pages":"1-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signposting services for people with health and care needs: a rapid realist review.","authors":"Anna Cantrell, Andrew Booth, Duncan Chambers","doi":"10.3310/GART5103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GART5103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Signposting typically refers to an informal process that involves giving information to patients to enable them to access external services and support. It is perceived to reduce demand on primary care and other urgent care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This focused realist review was conducted rapidly within time constraints. Searches to identify theory were undertaken on MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Social Sciences Citation Index in June 2022 for research published in English from 2016. We selected 22 publications and extracted programme theories from these to develop three priority questions: Question 1: What do people with health and social care needs require from a signposting service to believe it is valuable? Question 2: What resources do providers require to confidently deliver an effective signposting service? Question 3: Under what circumstances should commissioners commission generic or specialist signposting services? Purposive searching was conducted to find a rich sample of studies. UK studies were prioritised to optimise the applicability of synthesis findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 27 items, 4 reviews and 23 studies, a mix of qualitative, evaluations and case studies. Service users value a joined-up response that helps them to navigate the available resources. Key features include an understanding of their needs, suggestion of different options and a summary of recommended actions. Only a small number of service user needs are met by signposting services alone; people with complex health and social care needs often require extended input and time. Front-line providers of signposting services require appropriate training, ongoing support and supervision, good knowledge of relevant and available activities and an ability to match service users to appropriate resources. Front-line providers need to offer a flexible response targeted at user needs. Commissioned signposting services in England (no studies from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) are highly diverse in terms of client groups, staff delivering the service, referral routes and role descriptions. A lack of service evaluation poses a potential barrier to effective commissioning. A shortage of available services in the voluntary and community sector may limit the effectiveness of signposting services. Commissioners should ensure that referrals target intensive support at patients most likely to benefit in the longer term.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Signposting services need greater clarity of roles and service expectations to facilitate evaluation. Users with complex health and social care needs require intensive, repeat support from specialist services equipped with specific knowledge and situational understanding. A tension persists between efficient (transactional) service provision with brief referral and effective (relational) service provision, u","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 26","pages":"1-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and using experiences of social care to guide service improvements: translating a co-design approach from health to social care.","authors":"Sara Ryan, Jane Maddison, Kate Baxter, Mark Wilberforce, Yvonne Birks, Emmie Morrissey, Angela Martin, Ahmed Lambat, Pam Bebbington, Sue Ziebland, Louise Robson, Louise Locock","doi":"10.3310/MYHT8970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/MYHT8970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Local authorities need to find new ways of collecting and using data on social care users' experiences to improve service design and quality. Here we draw on and adapt an approach used in the healthcare improvement field, accelerated experience-based co-design, to see if it can be translated to social care. We use loneliness support as our exemplar.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand how loneliness is understood and experienced by members of the public and characterised by social care and voluntary sector staff; to identify service improvements around loneliness support; to explore whether accelerated experience-based co-design is effective in social care; and to produce new resources for publication on Socialcaretalk.org.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Discovery phase: in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of people in terms of demographic characteristics with experience of loneliness, and 20 social care and voluntary staff who provided loneliness support. Production of a catalyst film from the public interview data set. Co-design phase: exploring whether the accelerated experience-based co-design approach is effective in one local authority area via a series of three workshops to agree shared priorities for improving loneliness support (one workshop for staff, another for people with experience of local loneliness support, and a third, joint workshop), followed by 7-monthly meetings by two co-design groups to work on priority improvements. A process evaluation of the co-design phase was conducted using interviews, ethnographic observation, questionnaires and other written material.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accelerated experience-based co-design demonstrated strong potential for use in social care. Diverse experiences of participants and fuzzy boundaries around social care compared to health care widened the scope of what could be considered a service improvement priority. Co-design groups focused on supporting people to return to pre-pandemic activities and developing a vulnerable passenger 'gold standard' award for taxi drivers. This work generated short-term 'wins' and longer-term legacies. Participants felt empowered by the process and prospect of change, and local lead organisations committed to take the work forward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using an exemplar, loneliness support, that does not correspond to a single pathway allowed us to comprehensively explore the use of accelerated experience-based co-design, and we found it can be adapted for use in social care. We produced recommendations for the future use of the approach in social care which include identifying people or organisations who could have responsibility for implementing improvements, and allowing time for coalition-building, developing trusted relationships and understanding different perspectives.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>COVID-19 temporarily affected the capacity of the local autho","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 27","pages":"1-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the integration of care for trans adults: ICTA a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Richard Holti, Evelyn Callahan, Jamie Fletcher, Sam Hope, Naomi Moller, Ben Vincent, Paul Walley","doi":"10.3310/EWTA4502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/EWTA4502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research concerns improving the National Health Service health services trans adults need. These include the national specialist Gender Identity Clinics that support people making a medical transition. Not all trans people need to make a medical transition, and transition can take many different paths. Waits to be seen by Gender Identity Clinics are, however, several years long, and there may be significant problems of co-ordination between different aspects of transition-related care, and between transition-related care and general health care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The main objectives were to understand: Which factors make services more or less accessible and acceptable to the variety of trans adults? How initiatives for providing more person-centred and integrated care can be successfully implemented and further improved?</p><p><strong>Design, data sources and participants: </strong>An online and paper screening survey was used to gather data on demographics and service use of trans people across the United Kingdom, with 2056 responses. Researchers used survey data to construct five purposive subsamples for individual qualitative interviews, identifying groups of people more likely to experience social exclusion or stigma. There were 65 online interviews. In addition, 23 trans Black people and people of colour attended focus groups. Six case studies were completed: four on initiatives to improve care and two on experiences of particular trans populations. Fifty-five service provider staff and 45 service users were interviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following undermine person-centred co-ordinated care and can lead to experiences of harm: lack of respectful treatment of trans people by general practitioner practices; inadequate funding of services; lack of support during waiting; the extended and challenging nature of Gender Identity Clinic diagnostic assessments, sometimes experienced as adversarial; breakdowns in collaboration between Gender Identity Clinics and general practitioner practices over hormone therapy; lack of National Health Service psychological support for trans people. Case studies indicated ways to improve care, although each has significant unresolved issues: training in trans health care for general practitioners; third-sector peer-support workers for trans people who come to National Health Services; gender services taking a collaborative approach to assessing what people need, clarifying treatment options, benefits and risks; regional general practitioner-led hormone therapy clinics, bringing trans health care into the mainstream; psychology services that support trans people rather than assess them.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Some contexts of care and experiences of particular groups of trans people were not addressed sufficiently within the scope of the project. While efforts were made to recruit people subject to multiple forms of stigma, there rem","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 28","pages":"1-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening open disclosure in maternity services in the English NHS: the DISCERN realist evaluation study.","authors":"Mary Ann Adams, Charlotte Bevan, Maria Booker, Julie Hartley, Alexander Edward Heazell, Elsa Montgomery, Natalie Sanford, Maureen Treadwell, Jane Sandall","doi":"10.3310/YTDF8015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/YTDF8015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a policy drive in NHS maternity services to improve open disclosure with harmed families and limited information on how better practice can be achieved.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify critical factors for improving open disclosure from the perspectives of families, doctors, midwives and services and to produce actionable evidence for service improvement.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A three-phased, qualitative study using realist methodology. Phase 1: two literature reviews: scoping review of post-2013 NHS policy and realist synthesis of initial programme theories for improvement; an interview study with national stakeholders in NHS maternity safety and families. Phase 2: in-depth ethnographic case studies within three NHS maternity services in England. Phase 3: interpretive forums with study participants. A patient and public involvement strategy underpinned all study phases.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>National recruitment (study phases 1 and 3); three English maternity services (study phase 2).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We completed <i>n</i> = 142 interviews, including 27 with families; 93 hours of ethnographic observations, including 52 service and family meetings over 9 months; and interpretive forums with approximately 69 people, including 11 families.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The policy review identified a shift from viewing injured families as passive recipients to active contributors of post-incident learning, but a lack of actionable guidance for improving family involvement. The realist synthesis found weak evidence of the effectiveness of open disclosure interventions in the international maternity literature, but some improvements with organisation-wide interventions. Recent evidence was predominantly from the United Kingdom. The research identified and explored five key mechanisms for open disclosure: meaningful acknowledgement of harm; involvement of those affected in reviews/investigations; support for families' own sense-making; psychological safely of skilled clinicians (doctors and midwives); and knowing that improvements to care have happened. The need for each family to make sense of the incident in their own terms is noted. The selective initiatives of some clinicians to be more open with some families is identified. The challenges of an adversarial medicolegal landscape and limited support for meeting incentivised targets is evidenced.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Research was conducted after the pandemic, with exceptional pressure on services. Case-study ethnography was of three higher performing services: generalisation from case-study findings is limited. No observations of Health Safety Investigation Branch investigations were possible without researcher access. Family recruitment did not reflect population diversity with limited representation of non-white families, families with disabilities and other socially marginalised groups a","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 22","pages":"1-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do acute healthcare staff behave unprofessionally towards each other and how can these behaviours be reduced? A realist review.","authors":"Justin A Aunger, Ruth Abrams, Johanna I Westbrook, Judy M Wright, Mark Pearson, Aled Jones, Russell Mannion, Jill Maben","doi":"10.3310/PAMV3758","DOIUrl":"10.3310/PAMV3758","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Unprofessional behaviour in healthcare systems can negatively impact staff well-being, patient safety and organisational costs. Unprofessional behaviour encompasses a range of behaviours, including incivility, microaggressions, harassment and bullying. Despite efforts to combat unprofessional behaviour in healthcare settings, it remains prevalent. Interventions to reduce unprofessional behaviour in health care have been conducted - but how and why they may work is unclear. Given the complexity of the issue, a realist review methodology is an ideal approach to examining unprofessional behaviour in healthcare systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To improve context-specific understanding of how, why and in what circumstances unprofessional behaviours between staff in acute healthcare settings occur and evidence of strategies implemented to mitigate, manage and prevent them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Realist synthesis methodology consistent with realist and meta-narrative evidence syntheses: evolving standards reporting guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;Literature sources for building initial theories were identified from the original proposal and from informal searches of various websites. For theory refinement, we conducted systematic and purposive searches for peer-reviewed literature on databases such as EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE databases as well as for grey literature. Searches were conducted iteratively from November 2021 to December 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Initial theory-building drew on 38 sources. Searches resulted in 2878 titles and abstracts. In total, 148 sources were included in the review. Terminology and definitions used for unprofessional behaviours were inconsistent. This may present issues for policy and practice when trying to identify and address unprofessional behaviour. Contributors of unprofessional behaviour can be categorised into four areas: (1) workplace disempowerment, (2) organisational uncertainty, confusion and stress, (3) (lack of) social cohesion and (4) enablement of harmful cultures that tolerate unprofessional behaviours. Those at most risk of experiencing unprofessional behaviour are staff from a minoritised background. We identified 42 interventions in the literature to address unprofessional behaviour. These spanned five types: (1) single session (i.e. one-off), (2) multiple sessions, (3) single or multiple sessions combined with other actions (e.g. training session plus a code of conduct), (4) professional accountability and reporting interventions and (5) structured culture-change interventions. We identified 42 reports of interventions, with none conducted in the United Kingdom. Of these, 29 interventions were evaluated, with the majority (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 23) reporting some measure of effectiveness. Interventions drew on 13 types of behaviour-change strategy designed to, for example: change social","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 25","pages":"1-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital First Primary Care for those with multiple long-term conditions: a rapid review of the views of stakeholders.","authors":"Jennifer Newbould, Lucy Hocking, Manbinder Sidhu, Kelly Daniel","doi":"10.3310/AWBT4827","DOIUrl":"10.3310/AWBT4827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>General practices are facing challenges such as rising patient demand and difficulties recruiting and retaining general practitioners. Greater use of digital technology has been advocated as a way of mitigating some of these challenges and improving patient access. This includes Digital First Primary Care, when a patient's first contact with primary care is through a digital route, either through a laptop or smartphone. The use of Digital First Primary Care has been expedited since COVID-19. There is little evidence of staff experiences of using Digital First Primary Care with more complex patients, such as those with multiple long-term conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the experiences of those with multiple long-term conditions of Digital First Primary Care from the perspectives of healthcare professionals and stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a qualitative evaluation, comprised of four distinct work packages: Work package 1: Locating the study within the wider context, engaging with literature, and co-designing the study approach and research questions with patients. Work package 2: Interviews with health professionals working across general practice and key expert topic stakeholders, including academics and policy-makers. Work package 3: Analysis of data and generation of themes, and testing findings with patients. Work package 4: Synthesis, reporting and dissemination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study commenced in January 2021 and in total 28 interviews were conducted with 14 health professionals and 15 stakeholders between January and August 2022. From the perspective of health professionals, Digital First Primary Care approaches could enable patients to speak with a clinician more quickly than traditional approaches. Those with multiple long-term conditions could submit healthcare readings from home, though health professionals felt patients may struggle navigating digital systems not designed to capture the nuances associated with living with multiple conditions. Clinicians expressed preferences for seeing patients face-to-face, particularly those with multiple long-term conditions, to identify non-verbal cues about a patient's health. Digital First Primary Care approaches provided an opportunity for clinicians to engage with the carers of patients living with multiple long-term conditions, yet there were concerns around obtaining consent and confidentiality. There remain debates among stakeholders about the nature and extent to which Digital First Primary Care impacts on staff workload.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>At the time of data collection, general practices were facing considerable pressure to deliver care and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. While it was originally intended that the study would include interviews with patients with multiple long-term conditions and their carers, none of the general practices that took part in the study w","PeriodicalId":519880,"journal":{"name":"Health and social care delivery research","volume":"12 21","pages":"1-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}