Gut microbes reports最新文献_第4页

The gut microbiota and sleep in infants: a focus on diurnal rhythmicity patterns. 肠道微生物群与婴儿睡眠：对昼夜节律模式的关注。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-29 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2649096

Fannie Kerff, Christophe Mühlematter, Anja Adamov, Deborah Fast, Serafina Plüss, Petra Zimmermann, Salome Kurth, Nicholas A Bokulich

{"title":"The gut microbiota and sleep in infants: a focus on diurnal rhythmicity patterns.","authors":"Fannie Kerff, Christophe Mühlematter, Anja Adamov, Deborah Fast, Serafina Plüss, Petra Zimmermann, Salome Kurth, Nicholas A Bokulich","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2649096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2649096","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and sleep, which is partly mediated by the microbiota‒gut‒brain axis. Infancy is a critical window for the establishment of both the gut microbiome and sleep regulation, which we hypothesize to be linked across both short (diurnal) and long (monthly) time scales. In this longitudinal study, we investigated associations between gut microbiota development and sleep patterns in 20 infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age (n = 163 samples). Infants were continuously monitored across 48-h sampling periods. The gut microbiota profiles were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing; gut melatonin concentrations were measured; sleep data were collected via wearable actimetry, 24-h parent-reported sleep diaries, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire; and parenting style and behavioral development were assessed. In some infants, bacterial diversity followed diurnal rhythmic patterns. While bacterial rhythmicity was not significantly associated with sleep rhythmicity, infants with higher microbial alpha diversity showed more robust sleep patterns. Infant age emerged as the strongest predictor of gut microbial diversity and melatonin levels. Our findings suggest that gut microbial establishment may support the maturation of sleep‒wake rhythms in early infancy. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanistic roles of the gut microbiome in sleep development.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2649096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Successful fecal microbiota transplants in post-antibiotic treated recurrent Clostridioides difficile patients induce acylcarnitine and sphingolipid lipidomic shifts. 抗生素治疗后复发性艰难梭菌患者成功的粪便微生物群移植可诱导酰基肉碱和鞘脂的脂质组改变。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2648346

Abigail Gancz, Guozhi Zhang, Arthur McMillan, Michael Dougherty, Sarah McGill, Ajay Gulati, Erin Baker, Casey Theriot

{"title":"Successful fecal microbiota transplants in post-antibiotic treated recurrent Clostridioides difficile patients induce acylcarnitine and sphingolipid lipidomic shifts.","authors":"Abigail Gancz, Guozhi Zhang, Arthur McMillan, Michael Dougherty, Sarah McGill, Ajay Gulati, Erin Baker, Casey Theriot","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2648346","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2648346","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent public health threat in the United States, causing over 500,000 cases, 29,000 deaths, and $4.8 billion in healthcare costs annually. Although fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) are more effective than antibiotics for recurrent CDI (rCDI), their risks highlight the need for regulated alternatives such as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs). The development of effective LBPs requires understanding the biological mechanisms underlying FMT success. Building on our prior metabolomic study identifying lipids as key factors in FMT efficacy, we used liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, collision-induced dissociation, and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-CID-MS) to profile >850 lipid species across 26 classes. In stool samples from 15 rCDI patients collected pre- and post-FMT (2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months), 397 lipids were confidently identified. FMT significantly altered the lipidome (adonis R² = 0.12, p < 0.001), with 96 lipid species across 18 classes showing differential abundance (mixed effects modeling, BH correction, p < 0.05). Medium and long-chain acylcarnitines decreased post-FMT, while very long-chain acylcarnitines and trihydroxy ceramides increased. Sphingolipids were elevated pre-FMT. Medium and long-chain acylcarnitines correlated with Enterobacteriaceae, known to utilize carnitine. These results implicate lipid-microbiota interactions in rCDI susceptibility and recovery, offering targets for next-generation LBPs.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2648346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates enhance gut microbiota stability and antibiotic resilience through production of quorum sensing molecule AI-2. 微生物可及的碳水化合物通过产生群体感应分子AI-2增强肠道微生物群的稳定性和抗生素恢复力。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2646055

Robert Keskey, Rebecca Meltzer, Tiffany Toni, Sanjiv Hyoju, Ellen Cohn, Jessica Cao, Andrew Benjamin, Adam Lam, Alexander Zaborin, Olga Zaborina, John Alverdy

{"title":"Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates enhance gut microbiota stability and antibiotic resilience through production of quorum sensing molecule AI-2.","authors":"Robert Keskey, Rebecca Meltzer, Tiffany Toni, Sanjiv Hyoju, Ellen Cohn, Jessica Cao, Andrew Benjamin, Adam Lam, Alexander Zaborin, Olga Zaborina, John Alverdy","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2646055","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2646055","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary fiber and fat shape the gut microbiota and human health, yet their role in modulating the response of the microbiota to antibiotics remains underexplored. We hypothesized that dietary fiber, independent of fat content, mitigates antibiotic-induced weight loss and diarrhea in a microbiota-dependent manner. Mice were fed refined diets varying in fat and fiber contents for 6 weeks, compared to a standard plant-based chow diet. Following antibiotic administration, fiber consumption independent of fat reduced diarrhea and weight loss. High-fiber diets increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria prior to antibiotic exposure, all of which correlated with elevated cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Fermentable fiber increased AI-2 quorum-sensing pathway activity and improved Firmicutes resiliency to antibiotics. Supplementation with AI-2 reduced antibiotic-induced weight loss in mice fed high-fat, low-fiber diets. These findings suggest that fermentable fiber alters the gut microbiota composition and function, enhancing microbial resiliency and host tolerance to antibiotics. Dietary supplementation with microbiota-accessible fiber increased AI-2 production, stabilized Firmicutes populations, and attenuated antibiotic-associated weight loss, independent of dietary fat content.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2646055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viable gut bacterial metrics associated with intestinal eubiosis and dysbiosis. 与肠道益生和生态失调相关的活菌指标。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-21 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2646054

Tomoaki Naito, Hiromi Setoyama, Noriko Kato-Nagaoka, Tatsuichiro Shima, Tadashi Sato, Kaoru Moriyama-Ohara, Sohei Arase, Takashi Kurakawa, Misato Horino-Higuchi, Saya Tajima, Tomomi Suzuki-Ohnari, Yoshimi Aiyama-Suzuki, Taeko Hara, Eiichiro Naito, Nami Hayashi, Kozo Tsuruta, Tetsuji Hori, Akito Kataoka-Kato, Ryoko Fukuda, Keiichi Mitsuyama, Satoshi Matsumoto, Hirokazu Tsuji

{"title":"Viable gut bacterial metrics associated with intestinal eubiosis and dysbiosis.","authors":"Tomoaki Naito, Hiromi Setoyama, Noriko Kato-Nagaoka, Tatsuichiro Shima, Tadashi Sato, Kaoru Moriyama-Ohara, Sohei Arase, Takashi Kurakawa, Misato Horino-Higuchi, Saya Tajima, Tomomi Suzuki-Ohnari, Yoshimi Aiyama-Suzuki, Taeko Hara, Eiichiro Naito, Nami Hayashi, Kozo Tsuruta, Tetsuji Hori, Akito Kataoka-Kato, Ryoko Fukuda, Keiichi Mitsuyama, Satoshi Matsumoto, Hirokazu Tsuji","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2646054","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2646054","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbial turnover in humans remains poorly understood. We evaluated gut bacterial viability by quantifying viable cells and relating them to indicators of gut environmental status. Fecal microbial loads (microbial cells per gram feces) were quantified by flow cytometry using the DNA-intercalating dye SytoBC, and viable bacteria were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the 16S rRNA-targeted Eub338 probe. Bacteria retaining sufficient rRNA were defined as viable, and the living bacterial rate was calculated as the proportion of Eub338-positive cells among SytoBC-positive cells. These metrics were applied to starvation‑cultured gut bacterial strains and fecal samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), older adults, and healthy individuals. Starvation culture showed time‑dependent decreases in living bacterial rate and viable cell counts, consistent with colony-forming unit measurements. Patients with active UC exhibited reduced fecal microbial loads and viable microbial loads. Living bacterial rates negatively correlated with fecal calprotectin and Mayo score. In older adults, reduced living bacterial rates and viable Bifidobacteriaceae were associated with higher fecal calprotectin. In healthy individuals, lower living bacterial rates and viable Lachnospiraceae were associated with harder stools and reduced defecation frequency. Quantitative profiling of viable fecal bacteria may aid in characterizing intestinal homeostasis and dysbiosis‑associated conditions.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2646054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of microbiota profiles of fecal samples, rectal swabs and mucosal biopsies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 炎症性肠病患者粪便样本、直肠拭子和粘膜活检中微生物群的比较

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-18 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2644121

Tessel M van Rossen, Kim van den Hoek, Thomas Groot, Rob H Creemers, Maysa L M van Doorn-Schepens, Emma M van Andel, Matthijs E Grasman, Nanne K H de Boer, Gerd Bouma, Andries E Budding, Paul H M Savelkoul, Adriaan A van Bodegraven

{"title":"Comparison of microbiota profiles of fecal samples, rectal swabs and mucosal biopsies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Tessel M van Rossen, Kim van den Hoek, Thomas Groot, Rob H Creemers, Maysa L M van Doorn-Schepens, Emma M van Andel, Matthijs E Grasman, Nanne K H de Boer, Gerd Bouma, Andries E Budding, Paul H M Savelkoul, Adriaan A van Bodegraven","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2644121","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2644121","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota changes are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In most microbiota studies, intestinal microbiota composition is examined in fecal samples, but their representativeness of mucosa-associated microbiota at inflammation sites remains unclear. This study aimed to explore microbiota composition in different IBD sample types and assess their interchangeability for research and clinical use. Multicentre, prospective, observational study including 200 IBD patients (518 samples). We compared microbiota profiles from faeces, rectal swabs and mucosal biopsies from different colon sites. Microbiota composition was analyzed by Molecular Culture™, a bacterial profiling technique based on species-specific differences in the 16S-23S interspace region of bacterial ribosomal DNA, with taxonomic classification by phylum-specific fluorescent PCR primers. Fecal samples and rectal swabs contained a higher microbial diversity and abundance than colonic biopsies. Microbiota compositions of different sample types within an individual happened to be quite dissimilar (median cosine similarities 0.43-0.53). Within individuals, biopsies from the same location in the colon were just as similar as biopsies from different locations (median cosine similarities 0.85 vs. 0.82, respectively). Fecal samples, rectal swabs and colonic biopsies of an individual show distinct microbiota profiles and should not be used interchangeably in microbiota studies or clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2644121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vpar_1595 encodes malate-lactate transhydrogenase: The first step in lactate metabolism within the genus Veillonella. Vpar_1595编码苹果酸-乳酸转氢酶：在Veillonella属乳酸代谢的第一步。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-14 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2641986

Maxwell Calvin Guillaume, Filipe Branco Dos Santos

{"title":"Vpar_1595 encodes malate-lactate transhydrogenase: The first step in lactate metabolism within the genus Veillonella.","authors":"Maxwell Calvin Guillaume, Filipe Branco Dos Santos","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2641986","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2641986","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Veillonella plays a pivotal role in human oral microbiota and biofilm formation. The role of these bacteria is to act as intermediaries, which they do partly by metabolizing L-lactate. Interestingly, their first step in lactate metabolism is catalyzed by malate‒lactate transhydrogenase (MLTH), an enzyme so far unique to the genus Veillonella and one whose sequence is yet unknown. Here, we identified the elusive MLTH sequence from a strain of Veillonella parvula and its corresponding gene Vpar_1595 based primarily on enzyme purification and LC‒MS/MS analysis, with the purified MLTH matching the theoretical Vpar_1595 protein spectrum with a MASCOT score of 4657. In addition, we show that both the molecular weight of 40 kDa and the predicted amino acid composition of Vpar_1595 correspond to the MLTH described in previous reports. We then perform a phylogenetic analysis and identify 88 putative MLTH-encoding genes within the genus Veillonella, showing that it indeed forms a distinct clade. This work provides the first molecular identification of the Veillonella malate-lactate transhydrogenase, establishing a genetic basis for a key metabolic step in oral biofilm formation. These findings open the door to study MLTH's evolutionary origins and its potential as a target for modulating oral microbial interactions.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2641986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengths and limitations of in vitro and animal models to advance understanding of human diet‒microbiome interactions. 体外和动物模型的优势和局限性促进了对人类饮食-微生物组相互作用的理解。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-03-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2636336

Alexa R Weingarden

引用次数: 0

Oleoylethanolamide supplementation enriches Akkermansia muciniphila and modulates intestinal barrier function in adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验：补充油基乙醇酰胺可丰富成人肥胖患者的嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌并调节肠道屏障功能。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-02-21 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2622259

Romeo Batacan, Amanda Rao, Yadav Sharma Bajagai, Dragana Stanley, David Briskey

{"title":"Oleoylethanolamide supplementation enriches Akkermansia muciniphila and modulates intestinal barrier function in adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Romeo Batacan, Amanda Rao, Yadav Sharma Bajagai, Dragana Stanley, David Briskey","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2622259","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2622259","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted modulation of the gut microbiome represents a promising nutritional strategy to support metabolic and intestinal health in overweight and obese adults. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator that regulates satiety, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, but its effects on the human microbiome are not well defined. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 57 adults with obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m²) received either 300 mg of TRPTI, providing 250 mg/day of OEA (n = 28), or placebo (n = 29) for 12 weeks. Outcomes included shotgun metagenomics, microbiome profiling, intestinal barrier and inflammatory biomarkers, and safety measures. OEA was safe and well-tolerated with no adverse changes in clinical biomarkers. Although overall microbial diversity remained stable, OEA induced selective, health-relevant compositional shifts. Notably, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila were enriched. These changes coincided with functional host benefits, including increased occludin at Week 12 and interleukin-2 at Week 6, while reducing interleukin-1β, consistent with improved epithelial barrier dynamics and reduced inflammation. Functional pathway analysis suggested enhanced microbial metabolic and redox capacity. These findings indicate OEA supplementation selectively enriches beneficial gut bacteria - particularly A. muciniphila, while improving gut barrier biomarkers and immune function without disrupting microbiome stability. These findings position OEA as a safe, targeted microbiome-modulating ingredient with potential applications for supporting gut and metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2622259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fiber-deprived diet weakens lung defense against antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and facilitates resistance phenotype in the gut microbiota. 缺乏纤维的饮食会削弱肺部对耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的防御，并促进肠道微生物群的耐药表型。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-02-08 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2625617

Mayra Fernanda Ricci, Clenio Silva Cruz, Viviani Mendes de Almeida, Mirna d' Auriol, Victor M Rocha, Elayne C Machado, Bruno Gallotti, Isabela Garbazza, Ana Maria Caetano Faria, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Cristiana C Garcia, Leiliane Coelho André, Flaviano S Martins, Vinícius Abreu, Sintia Almeida, Angelica T Vieira

{"title":"Fiber-deprived diet weakens lung defense against antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and facilitates resistance phenotype in the gut microbiota.","authors":"Mayra Fernanda Ricci, Clenio Silva Cruz, Viviani Mendes de Almeida, Mirna d' Auriol, Victor M Rocha, Elayne C Machado, Bruno Gallotti, Isabela Garbazza, Ana Maria Caetano Faria, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Cristiana C Garcia, Leiliane Coelho André, Flaviano S Martins, Vinícius Abreu, Sintia Almeida, Angelica T Vieira","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2625617","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2625617","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is a major global health challenge. The misuse of antibiotics and infections by resistant pathogens drive the dissemination of resistance genes, the human microbiota of which serve as reservoirs. Disruptions in the host-microbiota balance, which are influenced by diet, can increase resistance genes. Low-fiber diets are linked to gut dysbiosis, infection susceptibility, and weakened defenses. Here, we report that dietary fiber deprivation induced significant alterations in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6 mice, leading to reduced host tolerance to lung infection by the AMR strain Klebsiella pneumoniae B31 (KP 31) with higher levels of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and marked shifts in the gut microbial composition. Germ-free mice that received fecal transplants from fiber-deprived donors also displayed exacerbated inflammatory pathology following KP 31 infection. Infection further increased the abundance of cultivable resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the gut and was associated with the modulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, particularly propionate. Propionate appears to support antimicrobial activity, and its decrease in vitro promotes bacterial growth. Our findings highlight that the gut microbiota is a crucial reservoir for resistance genes. Low-fiber diets impair lung defenses and promote resistome expansion after AMR infection. Understanding these dynamics and their influencing factors is essential for strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2625617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12938878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An artificial mucus-integrated in vitro model enables stable live probiotic-host co-culture and recapitulates dynamic hBD-2-mediated antimicrobial feedback. 人工黏液集成体外模型实现了稳定的活益生菌与宿主共培养，并重现了hbd -2介导的动态抗菌反馈。

Gut microbes reports Pub Date : 2026-01-31 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2026.2622881

Wenxin Cao, Yumiko Watanabe-Yasuoka, Toshihiro Sashihara, Masaki Nishikawa, Yasuyuki Sakai

{"title":"An artificial mucus-integrated in vitro model enables stable live probiotic-host co-culture and recapitulates dynamic hBD-2-mediated antimicrobial feedback.","authors":"Wenxin Cao, Yumiko Watanabe-Yasuoka, Toshihiro Sashihara, Masaki Nishikawa, Yasuyuki Sakai","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2622881","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2026.2622881","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro models for host-microbe interaction often have limited physiological relevance due to the absence of a protective mucus layer, reliance on non-viable bacteria, and short co-culture durations. Here, we present the first scalable and biocompatible in vitro model integrating an artificial mucus barrier that enables stable 48-hour co-culture of live Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 with Caco-2 cells at exposure ratios up to 1,000. This model maintained epithelial viability, supported bacterial proliferation, and enabled dynamic host responses. Notably, during co-culture, while hBD-2 gene expression was observed under both with-mucus and without-mucus conditions, protein secretion occurred only in the presence of mucus, reaching approximately a 100-fold higher level than previously reported. This finding underscores the essential role of the mucus barrier in preserving epithelial function and maintaining the downstream host response. The model recapitulates a complete host-microbe feedback loop involving microbial stimulation, antimicrobial peptide (hBD-2) secretion, and subsequent bacterial suppression, thereby linking epithelial defense activation to microbial regulation. It provides a reproducible, physiologically relevant, and animal-free platform for probiotic screening and mechanistic studies of mucus-associated intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"2622881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12938872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0