Consortium psychiatricum最新文献

{"title":"The Mental Health of Refugees and Forcibly Displaced People: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Samvel Sukiasyan","doi":"10.17816/CP15552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the pressing global issues today is the matter of refugees and forcibly displaced people migration. Refugee or forcibly displaced status has a significant impact on a person's mental health, with a high risk of developing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a literature review and evaluate the mental health status of refugees and forcibly displaced people due to military action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search of literature was conducted without any restrictions on the publication date, with a focus on articles from the past two decades. The search was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the following keywords and phrases: \"migration\", \"migrants\", \"refugees\", \"forcibly displaced people\", \"mental health\", \"mental disorder\", \"psychiatric disorders\". This analysis included studies that discussed and evaluated the social, psychological, and clinical aspects of migration. The review included original research and meta-analyses published in English, Russian, and Spanish. Descriptive analysis was applied to summarize the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature review showed that global migration levels have reached a high point, and this trend continues due to the existing geopolitical conditions. Even limited and difficult-to-compare epidemiological data demonstrate that more than a quarter of migrants suffer from mental disorders. These primarily include depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders. Apart from creating and exacerbating problems for the refugees and forcibly displaced people themselves, they also pose serious challenges to the social services and healthcare systems of refugee-hosting countries. The literature review demonstrated that forced displacement plays a role in the development of mental disorders, and also emphasizes the significance of several associated factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review emphasizes the urgent need for standardizing screening methods for refugees and forcibly displaced people, creating unified approaches to diagnostic evaluation, as well as specialized training for mental health professionals. Large-scale programs are needed to support and implement sustainable global mental health measures in the countries affected by hostilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"78-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Immune and Systemic Inflammation Parameters in Patients with a Depressive Episode in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anastasia Kasyanova, Polina Sobolevskaia, Oleg Limankin, Nataliia Petrova","doi":"10.17816/CP15543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15543","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Many studies have aimed to investigate and compare immune system and systemic inflammation parameters in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) suffering from a depressive episode. However, no systematic review of the results has been conducted so far.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of research studies comparing immune and systemic inflammation parameters in patients with BD and MDD during a depressive episode.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The search for studies was conducted in the Medline and eLIBRARY databases for the period from January 1994 to December 2022. Open-access articles written in English and Russian were selected. The review included original studies that compared groups of patients with BD and MDD (diagnosed based on the DSM-IV, DSM-5, or ICD-10 criterion) by immune and systemic inflammation parameters (such as the counts, ratio, and functions of blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, concentrations of immunoglobulins, cytokines, acute phase proteins, complement components, and autoantibodies).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The review included 24 studies. Current depressive episodes in patients with BD were associated with higher concentrations of chemokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL4, CCL5, CCL11), platelet-derived growth factor B, and interleukin 9 (IL-9) (two studies in each case), whereas patients with MDD tended to have higher concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and immunoglobulin G to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (two studies each). Patients with BD and MDD had comparable concentrations of IL-8 (five studies); IL-2 and IL-10 (four studies each); IL-13 and gamma interferon (three studies each); IL-17, IL-1Rα, the vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as white blood cells, monocyte, and platelet counts (two studies each). Contradictory results were obtained for the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (the concentrations did not differ in five studies, were elevated in BD patients in five studies, were elevated in MDD patients in two studies), IL-6 (the concentrations did not differ in eight studies and were elevated in BD patients in four studies), C-reactive protein (the concentrations did not differ in six studies, were elevated in BD patients in two studies), IL-4 (the concentrations did not differ in three studies and were elevated in MDD patients in two studies), IL-1β and the neutrophil count (the levels did not differ in one study each and were elevated in BD patients in two studies). Several studies have demonstrated an association between immune and systemic inflammation parameters and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, melancholic depression, age of mood disorder onset, body mass index, and imipramine equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Some immune and systemic inflammation parameters are associated with a current depres","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Melatoninergic Antidepressants for Stabilization of Remission in Depression Comorbid with Alcohol Abuse, Anxiety or Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Svetlana Klimanova, Dmitriy Radionov, Natalya Shova, Yuliia Kotsyubinskaya, Yuliia Yarygina, Anna Berezina, Nataliya Sivakova, Diana Starunskaya, Olga Yakunina, Aleksandra Andrianova, Denis Zakharov, Ksenia Rybakova, Tatiana Karavaeva, Anna Vasileva, Vladimir Mikhailov, Evgeny Krupitsky","doi":"10.17816/CP15560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is associated with a significant increase in the risk of mental and somatic comorbidities. The chronobiological theory of the pathogenesis of depression explains the relationship between the symptoms of depression and disturbance of circadian rhythm regulation. Disrupted circadian rhythms are also observed in other disorders such as alcohol use disorder, anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of medications with a melatoninergic mechanism of action in the treatment of depression comorbid with the aforementioned disorders.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review aims to systematically examine the evidence for the use of melatoninergic antidepressants (agomelatine and fluvoxamine) in the treatment of depression comorbid with alcohol abuse, anxiety disorders (including phobic anxiety, panic, and generalized anxiety disorders), or neuropsychiatric disorders (such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review included experimental studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in English and Russian, which examined the use of fluvoxamine and agomelatine in adult patients with recurrent depressive disorder (ICD-10) or major depressive disorder (DSM-5) comorbid with alcohol abuse, anxiety or neuropsychiatric disorders. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and eLIBRARY scientific databases. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, which is used to evaluate the risk of systematic errors in clinical studies. The results were presented as a narrative synthesis and grouped by the comorbidities evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 articles were reviewed (with a pooled sample size of <i>n</i>=1,833 participants). The results suggest that melatoninergic antidepressants might help in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, improve sleep, decrease alcohol cravings, and alleviate the severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the use of pharmacogenetic testing to select the medication and dosage may enhance its therapeutic effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review demonstrates a significant lack of clinical data and guidelines on the use of melatoninergic medications for the treatment of depression comorbid with other disorders. In this regard, it is currently difficult to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the efficacy and safety of agomelatine and fluvoxamine in the treatment of these comorbidities. Available studies suggest an improvement in the clinical manifestations of the comorbidities. Future research directions might include the development and implementation of double-blind, randomized clinical trials to study the use of melatoninergic medications in patients with depression comorbid with other disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"40-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Clinical Manifestations and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia: A Non-interventional Observational Study of Paliperidone Palmitat Dosage Forms.","authors":"Aleksandr Reznik, Olga Karpenko, Elena Shumakova, Aleksandr Mudrak, Andrey Sokolov, Svetlana Nazimova, Alina Saifulina, Anton Eliseenko, Tatjana Matvievskaya, Angelina Khannanova, Vladimir Revenko, Dmitriy Scherbakov, Yuriy Martynyuk, Aleksandr Arbuzov, Oleg Yacenko, Polina Alekseeva, Aleksandr Berdalin, Larisa Burygina","doi":"10.17816/CP15567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past seven years, the use of long-acting forms of antipsychotic medication has significantly increased in Russia. Specifically, in Moscow, from 2016 to 2021, the proportion of prescribed injectable long-acting antipsychotics had increased more than sevenfold (from 3% to 23%). Studies have shown that the correct selection of target groups for such therapy can reduce the frequency of relapses requiring hospitalization, lower the costs of inpatient care, and shift the focus of therapy from multiple drug administrations to psychosocial work.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was aimed at evaluating changes over time in psychosocial functioning, as well as clinical and psychopathological manifestations, in patients with schizophrenia during early remission and while on therapy with different forms of paliperidone: oral paliperidone (OP), paliperidone palmitate administered once monthly (PP1M), and paliperidone palmitate administered once every three months (PP3M).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational study included 155 patients: 54 patients who had been treated with another second-generation antipsychotic received OP, 50 patients who had been treated with another antipsychotic received PP1M injections, and 51 patients who had been in remission for four months after treatment with PP1M received PP3M. The duration of the follow-up period was 12 months. Assessment of personal and social functioning was conducted five times: before the start of treatment, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment in all groups led to a statistically significant reduction in the severity of positive symptoms (<i>p</i> <0.001). Hallucinations proved more susceptible to therapy (<i>p</i> <0.001), while persistent delusions showed greater treatment resistance. Significantly more patients in the PP1M and PP3M groups had completed the entire program (<i>n=</i>24; 48.0%, and <i>n=</i>30; 58.8%, respectively) compared to the OP group (<i>n=</i>11; 20.4%). The PP3M group demonstrated the highest treatment adherence, with the largest number of patients completing the study, and a similar rate of exacerbations or inadequate efficacy compared to the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with different forms of paliperidone provides a roughly equal pace reduction in the severity of schizophrenia, including positive and negative symptoms. The PP3M group had better adherence and the highest number of patients who fully completed the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"16-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy with Cognitive Retraining in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report.","authors":"Shweta Nitin Mahajan, Anuja Jain, Shreshta Chattopadhyay, Shamli Themse","doi":"10.17816/CP15546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case report presents a novel approach to treating Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) by integrating Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT), and Cognitive Retraining (CR). It contributes to the literature by demonstrating the effectiveness of a comprehensive psychotherapeutic approach in managing complex TBI sequelae, particularly in the Indian context where such interventions are underrepresented.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 34-year-old Indian female presented signs of emotional dysfunction, cognitive impairment, social maladaptation, shamefulness, and self-deprecation following a TBI sustained 10 years prior. A mental status examination and psychological assessments revealed cognitive deficits, emotional instability, and irrational beliefs, all related to her injury and recovery. The treatment plan integrated REBT, to address the irrational beliefs; CFT, to manage the sense of shame and the insistence to self-criticize; and CR, to improve cognitive functions. This approach was tailored to the patient's cognitive limitations and cultural context. Interventions included challenging irrational beliefs, self-compassion imagery, and cognitive exercises adapted to her specific deficits. Outcomes were measured using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale and clinical observations. The patient showed improvements in emotional regulation, cognitive functioning, and overall quality of life, as evidenced by reduced subjective distress (SUD down from 90 to 58) and enhanced daily functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that an integrated psychotherapeutic approach combining REBT, CFT, and CR can effectively address the complex psychological and cognitive challenges of TBI patients. Tailoring interventions towards patient cognitive limitations and cultural context is crucial for a successful outcome. The case highlights the importance of incorporating diverse therapeutic modalities in TBI management, promoting a more holistic approach to recovery and enhancing the quality of life of TBI survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in a Sample of Moscow Residents: Comparison of the GAD-7 and HADS Results with a Clinical Assessment.","authors":"Valeriya Savenkova, Yana Zorkina, Alexandra Ochneva, Angelina Zeltzer, Darya Ryabinina, Anna Tsurina, Elizaveta Golubeva, Anna Goncharova, Irina Alekseenko, George Kostyuk, Anna Morozova","doi":"10.17816/CP15487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental disorders. Detecting a disorder at an early stage can prevent the development of severe disorders and preserve the patient's functioning ability. Simple and reliable screening tools based on self-completion of questionnaires can be used for this purpose. However, it is not always the case that the scores of the self-questionnaire align with those of the clinician.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders using the GAD-7 and HADS self-report questionnaires compared to psychiatrist assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included individuals aged 18 to 65 years, living in Moscow, Russia, without psychiatric disorders, who participated in an online study using the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS-A and HADS-D) and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale). Anxiety disorder was diagnosed when the total score was ≥10 on the GAD-7 and/or ≥10 on the HADS-A scale, and depression was defined when the total score was ≥9 on the HADS-D scale. Then, 82 randomly selected participants attended an anonymous consultation with a psychiatrist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,097 individuals (72% female), median age 29 (23; 37) years. As a result of testing, anxiety disorder was found in 168 (15%); depressive disorder - in 152 (14%) respondents. At medical verification, anxiety was diagnosed in 18 (22%); depression - in 19 (23%) people. The sensitivity of the HADS-D subscale for physician-diagnosed cases of depression was 61%, and specificity was 73%. The sensitivity of the HADS-A and GTR-7 subscale in identifying cases of anxiety disorder was 58%, specificity 59%. Sixteen percent were first diagnosed with a personality disorder or schizotypal disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of anxiety and depression in our sample of the population of Moscow, Russia, was higher than the global level. Self-assessment based on the questionnaire seems to not fully reflect the real state of a patient, as evidenced by the differences with the psychiatrist's assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 4","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Modern Concept of Schizoaffective Disorder: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Aleksey Pavlichenko, Natalia Petrova, Andrey Stolyarov","doi":"10.17816/CP15513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is one of the most complex and controversial diagnoses in clinical psychiatry. Despite the significant changes that have occurred in the conceptualization of SAD in modern classifications and the publications of recent years, many unresolved issues remain regarding the disease, from the point of view of clinical psychiatry and basic neuroscience.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to summarize published data on the concept of SAD, its clinical characteristics, cognitive profile, potential biomarkers, as well as the place of the disease in the following modern international classifications: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9^th, 10^th and 11^th revisions, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th edition (DSM-5).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a review of the scientific studies in the relevant bibliographic systems and databases (eLIBRARY, PubMed) of the past 15 years. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the collected information. A total of 70 publications were selected for review, including different versions of international classifications of diseases (ICD and DSM-5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There has been some improvement in the inter-rater reliability of SAD criteria in modern classifications, but this has not yet led to a clearer understanding among mental health specialists, while the various subtypes of SAD identified so far fail to account for the heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of the disorder. The dimensional approach to diagnosing SAD, according to which the intensity of psychotic and affective symptoms can fluctuate over time and they can influence one another, more accurately reflects the disease's ability to embody different forms. Basic research does not support the identification of a distinct cognitive, neuroimaging, or immunological SAD endophenotype that differs qualitatively from schizophrenia and affective psychoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The conceptualization of SAD remains incomplete, and new approaches rooted in neuroscience are needed to better understand the coexistence of affective and psychotic symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 3","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Methods for Diagnosing Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Renata Sultanova, Vadim Gashkarimov, Ilya Efremov, Azat Asadullin","doi":"10.17816/CP15525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia lead to more frequent exacerbations of the underlying disease, worsen the prognosis, and increase the risk of suicide. Clinical practitioners continue to face challenges in diagnosing this disorder.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to analyze published material on biological markers of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search of literature was conducted using the following electronic search engines (the total number of relevant papers found is also specified): ACCESSSS (<i>n=</i>150), Cochrane Library (<i>n=</i>48), PubMed (<i>n=</i>623), eLIBRARY (<i>n=</i>216), and Google Scholar (<i>n=</i>367). The final discussion included 67 papers consistent with the study aim and were published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the available scaterred data, it appears that plasma biomarkers (e.g. C-reactive protein, metabolic parameters, hormones, enzymes, neurotrophic factors) are limited in specificity when it comes to diagnosing depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Our analysis of the neuroimaging findings showed that depressive manifestations are associated with a decrease in the volume of the gray matter in the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes (particularly in Broca's and Wernicke's areas) and in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex (including the medial right superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and superior and middle frontal gyri). It has been suggested that the <i>SIRT1</i>, <i>OXT</i>, <i>CDKAL1</i>, and <i>APOE</i> genes are involved in the development of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding and identifying depressive symptoms in schizophrenia will improve the quality of care for patients with this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 3","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Two Neocortical Areas Reveals the Histological Selectivity of Schizophrenia-Associated Lipid Alterations.","authors":"Maria Osetrova, Marina Zavolskova, Pavel Mazin, Elena Stekolschikova, Gleb Vladimirov, Olga Efimova, Anna Morozova, Yana Zorkina, Denis Andreyuk, George Kostyuk, Evgeniy Nikolaev, Philipp Khaitovich","doi":"10.17816/CP15488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder known to affect brain structure and functionality. Structural changes in the brain at the level of gross anatomical structures have been fairly well studied, while microstructural changes, especially those associated with changes in the molecular composition of the brain, are still being investigated. Of special interest are lipids and metabolites, for which some previous studies have shown association with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To utilize a spatially resolved analysis of the brain lipidome composition to investigate the degree and nature of schizophrenia-associated lipidome alterations in the gray and white matter structures of two neocortical regions - the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9, BA9) and the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22, posterior part, BA22p), as well compare the distribution of the changes between the two regions and tissue types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging (MALDI-MSI), supplemented by a statistical analysis, to examine the lipid composition of brain sections. A total of 24 neocortical sections from schizophrenia patients (<i>n=</i>2) and a healthy control group (<i>n=</i>2), representing the two aforementioned neocortical areas, were studied, yielding data for 131 lipid compounds measured across more than a million MALDI-MSI pixels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed an uneven distribution of schizophrenia-related lipid alterations across the two neocortical regions. The BA22p showed double the differences in its subcortical white matter structures compared to BA9, while less bias was detected in the gray matter layers. While the schizophrenia-associated lipid differences generally showed good agreement between brain regions at the lipid class level for both gray and white matter, there were consistently more discrepancies for white matter structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found a consistent yet differential association of schizophrenia with the brain lipidome composition of distinct neocortical areas, particularly subcortical white matter. These findings highlight the need for broader brain coverage in future schizophrenia research and underscore the potential of spatially resolved molecular analysis methods in identifying structure-specific effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 3","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How NGO Staff Understand Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and MHPSS Pyramid in Iraq: A Pilot Descriptive Study.","authors":"Darya Rostam Ahmed, Mohammad Al Diab Al Azzawi, Reinhard Heun","doi":"10.17816/CP15540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Maslow's pyramid) and the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) pyramid are integral frameworks in humanitarian settings whose aim is to address individual and community needs. However, confusion often arises among non-governmental organization (NGO) workers about the application and differentiation of these models.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the extent of confusion among NGO workers in Iraq as regards the Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids, identify the causes of this confusion, and explore its implications in the context of humanitarian mental health support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot descriptive study was conducted in December 2023 through an online survey involving 61 local NGO workers from MHPSS components in Iraq. We created a measure to assess the participants' familiarity with both models, their perceived differences, and their views on the models' applicability in humanitarian contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male participants represented 55.7% (<i>n=</i>34) of the sample, while females accounted for 44.3% (<i>n=</i>27). Most participants were aged 25-34 (57%, <i>n=</i>35) and 35-44 (34%, <i>n=</i>21). A majority held bachelor's degrees (67.2%, <i>n=</i>41), with 21.3% (<i>n=</i>13) holding master's degrees. In terms of occupation, 49.2% (<i>n=</i>30) were engaged in the protection sector (gender-based violence and child protection), followed by health (19.7%, <i>n=</i>12), education (4.9%, <i>n=</i>3), and MHPSS staff roles in other sectors (26.2%, <i>n=</i>16). The study revealed that 54.1% (<i>n=</i>33) of the participants struggled to understand or differentiate between Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids. The causes of this confusion were related to perceived structural similarities (18.03%, <i>n=</i>11), lack of awareness and knowledge about the MHPSS pyramid (63.93%, <i>n=</i>39), and a combination of both (18.03%, <i>n=</i>11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the importance of better training and education for NGO workers to improve their understanding of the Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids. Addressing this knowledge gap can increase efficacy in humanitarian aid provision, ensuring that individual and community needs are adequately met in crisis situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":519873,"journal":{"name":"Consortium psychiatricum","volume":"5 3","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}