Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy最新文献

{"title":"Inter-rater reliability of modified modified Ashworth scale in the assessment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury.","authors":"Chittaranjan Mishra,&nbsp;G Shankar Ganesh","doi":"10.1002/pri.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spasticity occurs in disorders of the central nervous system such as stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. The recently developed clinical measurement for the measurement of spasticity is the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) PURPOSE OF STUDY: The purpose of this study is to determine the inter-rater reliability of the MMAS in the assessment of plantar flexor spasticity in patients with SCI.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Thirty-eight subjects (32 males and six females, mean age 31.9 ± 12.6 years) were recruited for the study. Excluded from the study were patients with contracture in the lower limb and where passive movements were contraindicated.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Each patient was assessed by two raters in a single session. After the performance of the procedure by the first assessor and rating of the patient's muscle tone with the MMAS, the same procedure was repeated by the second assessor after 1 hour. The evaluation was carried out in side-lying position. The extent of agreement was analysed by non-weighted Cohen kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The agreement between the raters was good (soleus - ĸ: 0.75, SE = 0 .084, p < 0.0001, gastrocnemius - ĸ:0.70, SE = 0.105, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MMAS has good inter-rater reliability in the assessment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in patients with SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"231-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.1588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40302720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do ICF core sets for low back pain include patients' self-reported activity limitations because of back problems?","authors":"Hildegunn Lygren,&nbsp;Liv Inger Strand,&nbsp;Bodil Anderson,&nbsp;Liv Heide Magnussen","doi":"10.1002/pri.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate content validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for low back pain (LBP), by examining whether common activities reported as difficult to perform are included in the Core Sets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used. Ninety-eight patients with long-lasting back pain (>3 months) between 18 and 65 years of age were consecutively recruited from a Multidisciplinary Outpatient Spine Clinic. Difficulties with daily life and work task activities because of back pain were examined by asking the patients two questions: 1) can you specify activities that are difficult to perform because of your back pain? and 2) are there specific work tasks that you are unable to do because of your back pain? Two raters independently classified the written responses according to the ICF Core Sets' component Activities and Participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Activities and work tasks were linked to 15 of 29 categories (52%) in the Comprehensive Core Set, and 9 of 12 (75%) in the Brief Core Set, and the initial agreement between the two raters in coding the answers according to the Core Sets was (83%, k = 0.80) and (93%, k = 0.9), respectively, before consensus was reached.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Comprehensive Core Set for LBP to a large degree contains daily life and work-related activities frequently reported as difficult to perform by patients with long-lasting LBP. The categories, however, are very broad and do not provide specified descriptions of the most frequently reported activity limitations such as sitting, standing and walking. The Brief Core Set does not include categories for frequently reported activities such as pulling/pushing and leisure/recreation activities. ICF Core Sets for LBP seem suitable for obtaining a gross overview of the patients' functional limitations, but do not give sufficient information from a therapeutic point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.1566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40260489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functioning and quality of life in adults with mild-to-moderate osteogenesis imperfecta.","authors":"Veronica Balkefors,&nbsp;Eva Mattsson,&nbsp;Ylva Pernow,&nbsp;Maria Sääf","doi":"10.1002/pri.1546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe physical activity, quality of and satisfaction with life, pain, joint mobility and muscle function in adults with mild-to-moderate osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) to form the basis of improved clinical care and physical therapy treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 40 men and women aged between 21 and 71 years were identified and a prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 29 (18 women) included participants. The participants had to be able to walk and to have a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate OI. Self-administered questionnaires and clinical examinations were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Difficulties were found in all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Activity and Health. Pain was reported in 25 of 29 participants and scoliosis was found in 23 participants. Difficulty to run was estimated in 18 participants. A total of 19 of 27 participants reported reaching the recommendations of 30 min of moderate-intensity activity preferably every day. Life satisfaction was high even though health-related quality of life, assessed with the Short Form 36, was significantly lower than the Swedish norm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Impairments and activity limitations involved pain, scoliosis, contractures as well as trouble with running, heavy lifting, heavy work and sports. This study show that individuals with mild-to-moderate OI perceive themselves as having decreased health-related quality of life and this seems to depend on decreased physical functioning. Despite that, as a group, they estimated high life satisfaction and 19 participants reported adhering to the general recommendation of 30 min of moderate-intensity activity preferably every day.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"203-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.1546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40203987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular and motor contributions to mobility: limitations of seniors awaiting discharge from hospital care.","authors":"Michelle D Golder,&nbsp;E Marie Earl,&nbsp;Laurie H Mallery","doi":"10.1002/pri.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Following hospitalization, seniors are at risk of impaired mobility and increased risk of falling, which can lead to injuries and re-admission. The primary purpose of this paper was to evaluate the ability of hospitalized seniors to use vestibular inputs for balance control. The secondary purpose was to examine the influence of vestibular function and lower limb muscle strength on mobility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental and correlation designs were used. Patients (aged 65-90 years), preparing for discharge from an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit, were recruited. Vestibular control of standing balance was measured using the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (CTSIB). Mobility was measured with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Lower limb muscle maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength was tested with portable dynamometry. Wilcoxon signed rank test, with alpha adjusted for multiple comparisons (p ≤ 0.017), was used to compare relevant components of the CTSIB. Stepwise regression was used to assess the influence of vestibular impairment on TUG score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTSIB(Test6) (median = 7.1 seconds, range = 0.0-30.0) was less than CTSIB(Test1) (30.0 seconds, 30.0-30.0) and CTSIB(Test4) (30.0 seconds, 10.5-30.0) (W = 136, p < 0.017). MVIC scores (Nm·kg⁻¹, mean ± SD) included hip abduction 0.38 ± 0.2, hip flexion 0.32 ± 0.1, hip extension 0.44 ± 0.2, knee flexion 0.31 ± 0.1, knee extension 0.33 ± 0.2, ankle dorsiflexion 0.12 ± 0.1 and ankle plantarflexion 0.23 ± 0.1. Mean TUG score was 26.1 ± 6.0 seconds. Performance on CTSIB(Test6) explained 55% of the variance in TUG scores, whereas hip extension strength explained an additional 6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seniors awaiting discharge from hospital had impaired vestibular control of balance that was systematically associated with impaired mobility. Evaluating vestibular function prior to discharge from hospital could improve discharge planning with respect to management of impairments that threaten balance and safe mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"200-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40161432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence: a randomized, controlled trial comparing different conservative therapies.","authors":"Markus Huebner,&nbsp;Katja Riegel,&nbsp;Heidemarie Hinninghofen,&nbsp;Diethelm Wallwiener,&nbsp;Ralf Tunn,&nbsp;Christl Reisenauer","doi":"10.1002/pri.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an effective therapy for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There is little and inconsistent data about different strategies of PFMT. Finding the right, patient-oriented treatment decision seems to be essential in order to achieve good results in conservative management of SUI. It was the aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare three different strategies using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback-assisted PFMT with and without electrical stimulation (ES) for treatment of SUI in women capable of voluntarily contracting the pelvic floor when a home-training device with vaginal electrode was used.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three-arm RCT comparing 1) EMG biofeedback-assisted PFMT and conventional ES; 2) EMG biofeedback-assisted PFMT and dynamic ES; and 3) EMG biofeedback-assisted PFMT. Primary outcome measures were quality of life (King's Health Questionnaire) and degree of suffering (rated on a visual analogue scale from 1 to 10). Secondary outcome measures were number of pads used, pad weight test, contractility of the pelvic floor measured by digital palpation and intra-vaginal EMG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quality of life significantly increased over the 12-week training. The number of pads used was reduced, the pad weight test and the contractility of the pelvic floor significantly improved. There were no significant differences between the three groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This RCT shows significant improvement in patients' quality of life for conservative therapy of SUI. Differences between the three therapeutic options analyzed could not be found. Additional ES showed no benefit for patients with SUI, capable of voluntary pelvic floor contraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"133-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research integrity and misconduct: first-hand experiences of plagiarism and data manufacture.","authors":"Quinette Louw,&nbsp;Karen Grimmer-Somers,&nbsp;Andrea Bialocerkowski","doi":"10.1002/pri.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"63-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40094113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of the physiological cost index among individuals with a lower-limb amputation and healthy adults.","authors":"Kerstin Hagberg,&nbsp;Roy Tranberg,&nbsp;Roland Zügner,&nbsp;Anna Danielsson","doi":"10.1002/pri.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The physiological cost index (PCI) is a clinical measurement used to estimate the energy cost of walking. The reproducibility of the PCI has been questioned and no study has investigated the measurement error among individuals with a lower-limb amputation. The aim was to investigate the test-retest reproducibility of the PCI in individuals with a lower-limb amputation and healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised 28 individuals (20 males, eight females, mean age 49 years) with a unilateral amputation due to reasons other than vascular disease and 31 healthy volunteers (20 males, 11 females, mean age 47 years). PCI values were obtained by registering heart rate at rest and during level indoor walking for 5 minutes at a comfortable speed. A within-day test-retest assessment was performed. Reproducibility analyses included intra-class correlation, analyses of systematic differences between measurements, calculation of the smallest detectable change (SDC) and coefficient of variation (CV), and the results were finally visualized using Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reliability in terms of intra-class correlation was excellent for both groups (0.966 and 0.948). In the amputee group, the PCI revealed a mean difference of 0.026 (p = 0.016) between tests (PCI = 0.555, standard deviation [SD] = 0.214 and PCI = 0.581, SD = 0.236, respectively). In the healthy group, there was no systematic difference between tests (PCI = 0.329, SD = 0.114 and PCI = 0.331, SD = 0.110, respectively). The SDC was 0.116 in the amputee group and 0.070 in the healthy group, giving a CV of 20.4% and 21.0%,respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The within-day test-retest reproducibility of the PCI was excellent among individuals with lower-limb amputations and healthy adults in terms of intra-class correlation and acceptable in terms of agreement. The SDC, which was calculated for each group, should be considered when demonstrating an individual difference after an intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain and hip lateral rotator muscle strength contribute to functional status in females with patellofemoral pain.","authors":"Frances Long-Rossi, Gretchen B Salsich","doi":"10.1002/pri.449","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal pain condition, especially in females. Decreased hip muscle strength has been implicated as a contributing factor, yet the relationships between pain, hip muscle strength and function are not known. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that pain and hip muscle strength explain unique portions of variance in the functional status of females with PFP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, cohort study was conducted. The subjects for this study were twenty-one females with PFP (age: 26 +/- 7 years; height: 163 +/- 4 cm; and body mass: 62 +/- 10 kg). Subjects had a minimum pain duration of two months (mean pain duration: 4.9 +/- 3.6 years). The main measures were pain during a unilateral squat, measured with a visual analogue scale; isometric muscle force of gluteus medius, gluteus maximus and hip lateral rotators; and Kujala score (self-report measure of function). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed with Kujala score as the dependent variable. Pain and hip lateral rotator muscle strength were independent variables, entered in that order. Other strength measures were not correlated with the Kujala score, and as such, were not used in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain explained 22% of the variance in the Kujala score (p = 0.03). Hip lateral rotator strength explained an additional 14% of the variance, after accounting for pain level (p = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pain and hip lateral rotator strength contributed to the functional status of females with PFP. Improving pain and hip lateral rotator muscle strength may improve function in females with this common pain condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226064/pdf/nihms220082.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40045894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of specific muscle training on pain, activity limitation and kinesiophobia in women with back pain post-partum--a 'single-subject research design'.","authors":"Johanna Gustafsson,&nbsp;Lena Nilsson-Wikmar","doi":"10.1002/pri.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Many women suffer from back pain and experience activity limitation post-partum. To our knowledge the physiological factors and physiotherapy related to back pain post-partum have received limited evaluation and the effectiveness of specific physiotherapeutic approaches to exercise should be tested. In addition, there has been limited research on kinesiophobia in women with back pain post-partum. The purpose of the current study was to test the influence of specific trunk muscle training on pain, activity limitation and kinesiophobia in 10 subjects with back pain post-partum.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The treatment consisted of specific deep muscle training of the transversus abdominus and multifidus muscles. Pain was rated based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain drawings. Activity limitation was recorded using the Disability Rating Index. Kinesiophobia was evaluated using the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. An A-B-A single-subject research design was used and a number of measurements were obtained during each phase. The analysis consisted of a visual inspection and a two standard deviation band test (2-SD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The visual analysis showed a trend towards reduced pain and activity limitation for all 10 subjects. The 2-SD test showed mixed results among all subjects. In addition, all subjects reported kinesiophobia before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individual specific deep muscle training of the transversus abdominus and multifidus muscles reduced pain and activity limitation in women with back pain post-partum. Further research is needed to determine more precisely how kinesiophobia affects women with back pain post-partum.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41035575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a home exercise programme in low back pain: a randomized five-year follow-up study.","authors":"Tiina Kuukkanen,&nbsp;Esko Mälkiä,&nbsp;Hannu Kautiainen,&nbsp;Timo Pohjolainen","doi":"10.1002/pri.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Therapeutic exercise has been shown to be beneficial in decreasing pain and in increasing functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, longitudinal follow-up studies are small in number, and often limited in the numbers of subjects due to drop-outs. In addition there is a shortage of real control groups in most cases. The purpose of the present study was to describe long-term changes in intensity of low back pain and in functioning for two study groups five years after undertaking a home exercise programme.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a randomized follow-up study over five years. Fifty-seven subjects were reassessed with questionnaires five years after their initial recruitment for an intervention study. A home exercise group (n = 29), with training once a day, and a control group (n = 28), without exercise, were included in the present study protocol. The primary outcome measurements included a questionnaire on the intensity of low back pain (Borg CR-10 scale) and on functioning (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI). The confounding physical activity was controlled with metabolic unit (MET) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CR-10 and ODI scores decreased during the first three months in both study groups. During the follow-ups, the corresponding indicators of the home exercise group remained below baseline values. The CR-10 score was significantly lower in the home exercise group (p = 0.01) during the last five-year follow-up session compared with the control group. Overall physical activity decreased slightly during the five-year follow-up, but there were no differences between the two study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present randomized study indicates that supervised, controlled home exercises lead to reduced low back pain, and that positive effects were preserved over five years.</p>","PeriodicalId":519522,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy","volume":" ","pages":"213-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pri.378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40957306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}