{"title":"METTL1/WDR4-mediated m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA modifications and m<sup>7</sup>G codon usage promote mRNA translation and lung cancer progression.","authors":"Jieyi Ma, Hui Han, Ying Huang, Chunlong Yang, Siyi Zheng, Tiancai Cai, Jiong Bi, Xiaohui Huang, Ruiming Liu, Libin Huang, Yifeng Luo, Wen Li, Shuibin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mis-regulated epigenetic modifications in RNAs are associated with human cancers. The transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the most heavily modified RNA species in cells; however, little is known about the functions of tRNA modifications in cancers. In this study, we uncovered that the expression levels of tRNA N<sup>7</sup>-methylguanosine (m<sup>7</sup>G) methyltransferase complex components methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) and WD repeat domain 4 (WDR4) are significantly elevated in human lung cancer samples and negatively associated with patient prognosis. Impaired m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA modification upon METTL1/WDR4 depletion resulted in decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion, and impaired tumorigenic capacities of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, gain-of-function and mutagenesis experiments revealed that METTL1 promoted lung cancer growth and invasion through regulation of m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA modifications. Profiling of tRNA methylation and mRNA translation revealed that highly translated mRNAs have higher frequencies of m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA-decoded codons, and knockdown of METTL1 resulted in decreased translation of mRNAs with higher frequencies of m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA codons, suggesting that tRNA modifications and codon usage play an essential function in mRNA translation regulation. Our data uncovered novel insights on mRNA translation regulation through tRNA modifications and the corresponding mRNA codon compositions in lung cancer, providing a new molecular basis underlying lung cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3422-3435"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39294486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radoslaw Kaczmarek, Glenn F Pierce, Declan Noone, Brian O'Mahony, David Page, Mark W Skinner
{"title":"Eliminating Panglossian thinking in development of AAV therapeutics.","authors":"Radoslaw Kaczmarek, Glenn F Pierce, Declan Noone, Brian O'Mahony, David Page, Mark W Skinner","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3325-3327"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636166/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39714834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew D Baik, Philip Calafati, Xiaoli Zhang, Nina A Aaron, Antonia Mehra, Sven Moller-Tank, Lawrence Miloscio, Maria Praggastis, Nicholas Giovannone, Cheryl Pan, Yajun Tang, Susannah Bridges, Alejo Mujica, Peter Barbounis, Jean Yanolatos, Nicholas Gale, Ning Li, Christos A Kyratsous, Christopher J Schoenherr, Andrew J Murphy, Aris N Economides, Katherine D Cygnar
{"title":"Cell type-selective targeted delivery of a recombinant lysosomal enzyme for enzyme therapies.","authors":"Andrew D Baik, Philip Calafati, Xiaoli Zhang, Nina A Aaron, Antonia Mehra, Sven Moller-Tank, Lawrence Miloscio, Maria Praggastis, Nicholas Giovannone, Cheryl Pan, Yajun Tang, Susannah Bridges, Alejo Mujica, Peter Barbounis, Jean Yanolatos, Nicholas Gale, Ning Li, Christos A Kyratsous, Christopher J Schoenherr, Andrew J Murphy, Aris N Economides, Katherine D Cygnar","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysosomal diseases are a class of genetic disorders predominantly caused by loss of lysosomal hydrolases, leading to lysosomal and cellular dysfunction. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), where recombinant enzyme is given intravenously, internalized by cells, and trafficked to the lysosome, has been applied to treat several lysosomal diseases. However, current ERT regimens do not correct disease phenotypes in all affected organs because the biodistribution of enzyme uptake does not match that of the affected cells that require the enzyme. We present here targeted ERT, an approach that utilizes antibody-enzyme fusion proteins to target the enzyme to specific cell types. The antibody moiety recognizes transmembrane proteins involved in lysosomal trafficking and that are also preferentially expressed in those cells most affected in disease. Using Pompe disease (PD) as an example, we show that targeted ERT is superior to ERT in treating the skeletal muscle phenotypes of PD mice both as a protein replacement therapeutic and as a gene therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3512-3524"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39317573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topics in AAV integration come front and center at ASGCT AAV Integration Roundtable.","authors":"Denise E Sabatino, Douglas M McCarty","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3319-3320"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636160/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39714832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exosomal miR-1246 from glioma patient body fluids drives the differentiation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.","authors":"Wei Qiu, Xiaofan Guo, Boyan Li, Jian Wang, Yanhua Qi, Zihang Chen, Rongrong Zhao, Lin Deng, Mingyu Qian, Shaobo Wang, Zongpu Zhang, Qindong Guo, Shouji Zhang, Ziwen Pan, Shulin Zhao, Hao Xue, Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma is a heterogeneous cellular environment in which immune cells play critical roles in tumor progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma; however, how glioma cells interact with MDSCs and how this interaction affects the function of other immune cells are unclear. Glioma cells can systemically communicate with immune cells via the secretion of exosomes, which contain microRNAs (miRNAs). Leveraging miRNA sequencing of exosomes, we identified enrichment of miR-1246 in glioma-derived exosomes and exosomes isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients. We demonstrated that miR-1246 drives the differentiation and activation of MDSCs in a dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. In addition, postoperative CSF exosomal miR-1246 expression was found to be associated with the glioma recurrence rate. Hypoxia, a well-recognized feature of the glioblastoma microenvironment, increased miR-1246 levels in glioma-derived exosomes by enhancing miR-1246 transcription and selective packaging via upregulation of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1). Importantly, we identified a mechanism of 2-methoxyestradiol, a microtubule inhibitor currently undergoing clinical trials for glioblastoma. 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses MDSC activation by inhibiting hypoxia-driven exosomal miR-1246 expression in glioma cells and PD-L1 expression in MDSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3449-3464"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39157373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"m<sup>6</sup>A modification regulates lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition through modulating KCNH6 mRNA translation.","authors":"Jia-Xiang Zhang, Pei-Jie Huang, Da-Peng Wang, Wen-Yu Yang, Jian Lu, Yong Zhu, Xiao-Xiao Meng, Xin Wu, Qiu-Hai Lin, Hui Lv, Hui Xie, Rui-Lan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, fatal lung disease characterized by progressive and non-reversible abnormal matrix deposition in lung parenchyma. Myofibroblasts originating mainly from resident fibroblasts via fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) are the dominant collagen-producing cells in pulmonary fibrosis. N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) modification has been implicated in various biological processes. However, the role of m<sup>6</sup>A modification in pulmonary fibrosis remains elusive. In this study, we reveal that m<sup>6</sup>A modification is upregulated in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, FMT-derived myofibroblasts, and IPF patient lung samples. Lowering m<sup>6</sup>A levels through silencing methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) inhibits the FMT process in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, KCNH6 is involved in the m<sup>6</sup>A-regulated FMT process. m<sup>6</sup>A modification regulates the expression of KCNH6 by modulating its translation in a YTH-domain family 1 (YTHDF1)-dependent manner. Together, our study highlights the critical role of m<sup>6</sup>A modification in pulmonary fibrosis. Manipulation of m<sup>6</sup>A modification through targeting METTL3 may become a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3436-3448"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jill A Morris, Chris H Boshoff, Nina F Schor, Ling M Wong, Guangping Gao, Beverly L Davidson
{"title":"Next-generation strategies for gene-targeted therapies of central nervous system disorders: A workshop summary.","authors":"Jill A Morris, Chris H Boshoff, Nina F Schor, Ling M Wong, Guangping Gao, Beverly L Davidson","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) held a workshop titled \"Next generation strategies for gene-targeted therapies of central nervous system (CNS) disorders\" in September 2019 in Bethesda, MD, USA. The meeting brought together a multi-disciplinary group of experts in the field of CNS-directed gene-targeted therapy delivery from academia, industry, advocacy, and the government. The group was charged with identifying the key challenges and gaps in this evolving field, as well as suggesting potential solutions. The workshop was divided into four sessions: (1) control of level and location, (2) improving delivery and distribution, (3) enhancing models and manufacturing, and (4) impacting patients. Prior to the workshop, NINDS established working groups of key opinion leaders (KOLs) for each session. In pre-meeting teleconferences, KOLs were tasked with identifying the research gaps and key obstacles that delay and/or prevent gene-targeted therapies to move into the clinic. This approach allowed for the workshop to begin with problem-solving discussions and strategy development, as the key issues had been established. The overall purpose of the workshop was to consider knowledge gaps and potential strategies to inform the community around CNS gene-targeted therapies, including but not limited to researchers and funders.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3332-3344"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/3f/main.PMC8636163.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39438567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prior nasal delivery of antagomiR-122 prevents radiation-induced brain injury.","authors":"Haihong Zhou, Furong Sun, Mingqian Ou, Yu Zhang, Meijun Lin, Liqin Song, Yangsheng Yu, Haojie Liao, Weihao Fan, Huaijie Xing, Minhua Li, Kui Zhao, Xiaolian Wu, Yuanhong Sun, Chunmei Liang, Yujie Cai, Lili Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced brain injury is a major adverse event in head and neck tumor treatment, influencing the quality of life for the more than 50% of patients who undergo radiation therapy and experience long-term survival. However, no effective treatments are available for these patients, and preventative drugs and effective drug-delivery methods must be developed. Based on our results, miR-122-5p was upregulated in the mouse radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) model and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received radiation therapy. Intranasal administration of a single antagomiR-122-5p dose before irradiation effectively alleviated radiation-induced cognitive impairment, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation in the mouse RBI model. Results further indicated that miR-122-5p inhibition in microglia reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced the phagocytic function to protect against radiation-induced neuronal injury in cell models. Further, we profiled transcriptome data and verified that Tensin 1 (TNS1) may be the target of miR-122-5p in RBI. In summary, our results reveal a distinct role for miR-122-5p in regulating neuroinflammation in RBI, indicating that a non-invasive strategy for intranasal miR-122-5p administration may be an attractive therapeutic target in RBI, providing new insights for clinical trials. Further systematic safety assessment, optimization of drug administration, and clarity of mechanism will accelerate the process into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3465-3483"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636282/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39109441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dandan Jia, Jun Zhang, Jia Nie, John-Paul Andersen, Samantha Rendon, Yue Zheng, Xueling Liu, Zhenjun Tian, Yuguang Shi
{"title":"Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links hypoxia to coronary artery disease by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction.","authors":"Dandan Jia, Jun Zhang, Jia Nie, John-Paul Andersen, Samantha Rendon, Yue Zheng, Xueling Liu, Zhenjun Tian, Yuguang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiac health. A loss of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (TLCL), the predominant cardiolipin species in the healthy mammalian heart, is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we identified acyl-coenzyme A:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) as the missing link between hypoxia and CHD in an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). ALCAT1 is an acyltransferase that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in aging-related diseases by catalyzing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin. In support of a causative role of ALCAT1 in CHD, we showed that ALCAT1 expression was potently upregulated by MI, linking myocardial hypoxia to oxidative stress, TLCL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, ablation of the ALCAT1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of the ALCAT1 enzyme by Dafaglitapin (Dafa), a potent and highly specific ALCAT1 inhibitor, not only restored TLCL levels but also mitochondrial respiration by attenuating signal transduction pathways mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Consequently, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa effectively mitigated CHD and its underlying pathogenesis, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Together, the findings have provided the first proof-of-concept studies for targeting ALCAT1 as an effective treatment for CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3498-3511"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustavo D Aguirre, Artur V Cideciyan, Valérie L Dufour, Ana Ripolles-García, Raghavi Sudharsan, Malgorzata Swider, Roman Nikonov, Simone Iwabe, Sanford L Boye, William W Hauswirth, Samuel G Jacobson, William A Beltran
{"title":"Gene therapy reforms photoreceptor structure and restores vision in NPHP5-associated Leber congenital amaurosis.","authors":"Gustavo D Aguirre, Artur V Cideciyan, Valérie L Dufour, Ana Ripolles-García, Raghavi Sudharsan, Malgorzata Swider, Roman Nikonov, Simone Iwabe, Sanford L Boye, William W Hauswirth, Samuel G Jacobson, William A Beltran","doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519519,"journal":{"name":"Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"3528"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636161/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39574483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}