Global Social Welfare最新文献

{"title":"Role of Family Structure in the Pattern of Intergenerational Monetary Transfers in India: A Parental Gender-Based Perspective","authors":"Varsha Nagargoje, T. R. Dilip, Jitender Prasad, K. S. James","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00344-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00344-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>This study examined directional flow and patterns of intergenerational monetary transfers in India amidst changing family structures and an aging population, specifically emphasizing the gender dynamics of older parents.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (wave-1) was analyzed, involving 30,147 individuals aged 60+ who have at least one alive child. The study objective was pursued through bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The proportion of children-to-parent monetary transfers (13.1%) was found to be triple than that of parents-to-children transfers (4.4%), indicating an upward flow of support, consistent with the tradition of filial piety. Older male parents were more likely to support their children, while older female parents received more financial assistance. Female parents not co-residing with their children were more likely to provide support, whereas co-residence did not significantly impact financial transfers from male parents. Parents living only with their spouses and children were less likely to receive support from children compared to those living with children and/or other relatives. Parents with up to eight children were more likely to receive financial assistance from children. Female household heads were more likely to receive support, while male heads showed a negative or insignificant association.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The study highlights the significant role of family support, especially from adult children, in the economic security of older Indians, particularly older women. Despite changing family dynamics, the tradition of upward financial transfers persists, underscoring the importance of filial piety and cultural norms in ensuring the well-being of older adults in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141941996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and Nutrition Insecurity Status Among Tribal Communities: A Case Study of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Jhargram, West Bengal, India","authors":"Kishor Dandapat, Uday Chatterjee, Gopal Krishna Panda","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00346-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00346-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food and nutrition insecurity is a serious issue among the low and lower-middle-income countries in the world, especially among the tribal people who live in a forest-based society. Jhargram District is a part of Jangal Mahal (forest based) of West Bengal, India, which has been a socially and economically backward region, and it is a home of indigenous people. The overall incline of the entire area stretches from the northwest to the southeast. The Jhargram region has been grappling with persistent water scarcity for many years, which has hindered its socioeconomic progress. The presence of hard-rocky crystalline rocks is the primary reason for the absence of a sucxitable aquifer on the northwest side of the district. These geological characteristics pose difficulties for agricultural activities. The study area Binpur-II Block of Jhargram District, geographically, is a rolling topography of the Chhotonagpur Plateau and 13,694 ha area covered by forest against a total geographical area of 57,574 ha. The block has a 40% tribal population, and they are dependent on the forest for their livelihood because the lack of sufficient water and bad geological character has a detrimental effect on agriculture, industry, public health, and education, leading to migration and environmental consequences. Due to insufficient agricultural activities and bad socioeconomic conditions, most of the tribal people suffer from food and nutrition insecurity, especially the children, married women, and old age people. Hence, the prime objective of the study is to assess food and nutritional insecurity among the Particular Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of this region. To study the food and nutrition insecurity, we select 206 households and 855 villagers of different age groups through stratified random sampling. To the application of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) measure, the present study shows that among all the tribal communities, 85.92% of tribal households have fallen into the Food Insecure group; among them, 33.98% are households that are mildly food insecure (category II), 24.27% are households that are moderately food insecure (category III), and 27.67% are households that are severely food insecure (category IV). The nutritional status has been analyzed through internationally accepted BMI guidelines (WHO, 1995). A total of 48.19% of villagers have been undernourished whose body mass index (BMI) is below 18.5. The nutrition study shows that 43.48% of males and 49.52% of females are undernourished, and between the ages of 0 and 18 years, male people are more undernourished (24.40%) than female people (31.35%). It has been shown from the sample study that the female working-age group is more undernourished (21.77%) than male working group people (10.07%). The study reveals that tribal children and women are the most malnourished of the entire population, which threatens their ability to contribute to the socio-economic development of these t","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Health Insurance on Accessibility, Utilization of Inpatient Care, and Financial Risk Protection Across States/Union Territories of India","authors":"Aashima, Mehak Nanda, Rajesh Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00343-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00343-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Several health insurance programmes have been launched in India to improve accessibility to healthcare services and safeguard people against health expenditure catastrophes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>We studied the impact of health insurance enrolment towards accessibility, utilization of inpatient care, and safeguarding against financial risk across all states/union territories (UTs) of India.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Data and Methodology</h3><p>Data from the most recent round (75th round) of the nationally representative survey on health and morbidity, entitled “Social Consumption: Health,” was employed in the study. The propensity score matching technique was used in the study to examine the accessibility and utilization of inpatient care, and financial risk protection in the context of health insurance across states/UTs of India.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The accessibility to inpatient care was statistically significantly higher among insured than uninsured in 21/32 states/UTs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Hospitalization episodes more than once were also statistically significantly higher among insured than uninsured (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). However, utilization pattern of inpatient care in terms of incidence of hospitalization with private healthcare providers and longer duration of hospital stay were not impacted much by the health insurance status. Furthermore, health insurance was statistically significantly effective in reducing both out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) (at 10% threshold) for insured in a few states, namely, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Delhi, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, in some states with good health insurance enrolment rates, including Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Goa, and Chhattisgarh, health insurance did not significantly reduce the OOPE and CHE incidence among insured in comparison to uninsured (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Policy Implications</h3><p>Concerted efforts, such as increasing health insurance enrolment, raising awareness about the existing schemes and their eligibility criteria, and informing beneficiaries about the procedures to avail benefits, are required. There is also an urgent need to include outpatient services under the purview of health insurance to reduce the financial burden and make health insurance more viable. Furthermore, strengthening public healthcare facilities and regulating private healthcare providers are imperative in augmenting financial risk protection in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Nexus Between Informal Workers and the Social Security Scheme in Ghana","authors":"Betty Serwah Andoh, Moses Segbenya","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00342-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00342-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the nexus between informal workers and the social security scheme in Ghana. The explanatory sequential research design was used for this study. A sample of 278 informal workers was drawn for the quantitative perspective, and 13 participants were used for the qualitative phase of the study, using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. Data were gathered with a structured questionnaire for the quantitative phase and an interview guide for the qualitative phase. In terms of ethical consideration, confidentiality, anonymity, freedom to participate and protection from psychological and physical harm were ensured in this study for all participants. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and means were used to analyse the quantitative data, while thematic pattern analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data gathered. The study found that informal workers had a fair knowledge, perception of joining and benefits of joining the social security scheme in Ghana. The informal workers concluded that the existing mode of payment was very challenging to their intention to join the scheme. The study, therefore, recommended that the management of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) embarks on vigorous public education on the need and the importance of the SSNIT pension scheme in the various districts where informal workers are located. Additionally, it was recommended that the management of SSNIT should use the services of mobile vendors or develop a mobile money platform for payment of contributions to the pension scheme by informal workers.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Look at their Bodies…, their Bodies Speak Volumes about Themselves”: Community Perceptions of Consent","authors":"Leso Munala, Kieu My Phi, Courtney Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00341-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00341-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cultural, social, and legal factors all have an impact on the delicate and complex issue of school girls’ sexual consent in Kenya. This study investigated the community and environmental factors related to sexual violence against school-aged girls and consent in Kitui South Sub-county, Kenya. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with key Kitui Sub-County stakeholders. Individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 from the police, health, education, community, religious leaders, and criminal justice sectors were eligible to participate. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Responses from stakeholders revealed diverse interpretations of consent based on the physical development of girls during puberty and other subjective variables. Being girls of the land, legal versus cultural understanding and girls being responsible for men’s desires were the three major themes associated with this finding. These findings highlight significant obstacles in applying and ensuring perpetrator accountability through the existing legal system and policy frameworks that clearly define consent to protect girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare Impact of Mobile Financial Services Business Among Youth in Urban and Peri-urban Tanzania","authors":"Jennifer K. Sesabo, Eliaza Mkuna","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00339-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00339-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In African countries like Tanzania, mobile financial services (MFS) is one of the empowerment strategies to enhance economic well-being through the provision of necessary tools and resources to enhance entrepreneurship and business development. However, existing studies have paid less attention to MFS agents’ welfare impact, mostly on youth in this sector. Using a survey of 310 youths from four selected Local Government Authorities in Tanzania, this study explores the factors that drive the decision of youths to participate in livelihood-based activities such as MFS and the effect of their participation on their welfare. The findings from the propensity score matching (PSM) modeling technique revealed that socio-economic-based factors (education, marital status, and experience) and institutional-based factors (business ownership status, deployment of risk management initiatives, and perception regarding the cost of running a business) influence youth participation in MFS-based activities and the magnitude of impact in their welfare. The study’s results highlight the influence of both socio-economic and institutional variables on the participation of youths in MFS-based activities. The findings suggest that it would be necessary to promote development programs that are geared towards enhancing the capacities of youth with regard to MFS businesses to enhance their welfare. These include business-related training, awareness, and provision of financial resources via enhancing access to training on savings and credit.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Factors and Gender Norms as Protective Factors Against Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls in Southern Uganda.","authors":"Proscovia Nabunya, William Byansi, Joelynn Muwanga, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Flavia Namuwonge, Vicent Ssentumbwe, Fred M Ssewamala","doi":"10.1007/s40609-022-00237-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40609-022-00237-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent girls and young women are at a higher risk for HIV infection stemming from barriers to accessing comprehensive sexual health education, unequal cultural, social, and economic statuses, limited access to education and health care services, and gender-based violence. This makes adolescent girls susceptible to high-risk sexual behaviors. This study examines the protective role of family, social support factors and gender norms against sexual risk-taking behaviors among secondary school adolescent girls in Uganda. Baseline data from the National Institute of Mental Health-funded Suubi4Her study were analyzed. A total of 1260 girls aged 14-17 years and enrolled in the first or second year of secondary school were recruited across 47 secondary schools. Hierarchical linear regression models were conducted to determine the role of family, social support factors and gender norms on sexual risk-taking behaviors. Results indicate that traditional gender norms, family care and relationships, and social support were all associated with lower levels of sexual risk-taking intentions-a proxy for engaging in sexual risk behaviors. Findings point to the need to develop family level support interventions to equip adolescent girls with adequate sexual health-related knowledge and skills to facilitate safer sexual practices and reduce high-risk sexual-taking behaviors, as they develop and transition into young adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"11 2","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratives of Ghanaian Social Workers on Community Leaders’ Response to Child Maltreatment","authors":"Esmeranda Manful, Daniel Esson, Clement Aryee, Bright Asiedu Wiafe","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00337-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00337-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Communities play an important role in ensuring the well-being of children since child maltreatment often occurs at the micro level of society. Hence, there are several interventions organised using community child-protection models. However, there is a dearth of information on how leaders in the communities respond to child maltreatment. This paper, therefore, explored the narratives of social workers on the type of community leaders and how they respond to child maltreatment. This is to provide empirical evidence for community programme design and engagement for child protection practitioners to ensure the best outcomes for children. The study presents narratives from in-depth interviews with 15 social workers in the Ashanti region of Ghana on how community leaders respond to child maltreatment. The findings indicate that different types of community leaders are involved in ensuring punitive actions are taken against perpetrators but the actions are focused on internal resolutions and victim compensation rather than legal redress. These have implications for social workers, as families who value monetary redress are less likely to inform the state of any child maltreatment. Therefore, social workers have to intensify community engagement and education by highlighting the consequences of less punitive actions against perpetrators of child maltreatment. It is also recommended that children must be empowered to disclose child maltreatment concerns regardless of their relationship with the perpetrator.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140562319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Social Deprivation, Cognitive Heath, and Depression among Older Adults in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00336-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00336-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Background</h3> <p>Cognitive health declines with age and is directly linked to biological changes as people age. However, socioeconomic factors play an essential role in the level and change of cognitive health and the onset of depression in older adults. This study attempts to assess the association between social deprivation, cognitive health, and depression among older persons in India.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Data and Methods</h3> <p>The Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave One, collected in India between 2017 and 2018, was used for this study. Several measures, including education, wealth quintile, working status, and living arrangements, were included in the Social Deprivation Index (SDI), constructed using hedonic weights. The hedonic weights were calculated using the standardized coefficients from the ordered probit regression by taking self-rated life satisfaction as the dependent variable. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regressions established the association between poor cognitive health, depressive symptoms and SDI..</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The descriptive findings reveal that 31.7% of people with high social deprivation have poor cognitive health compared to only 8.1% of people with lower social deprivation. Furthermore, 60.5% of people with higher social deprivation have depressive symptoms compared to 25.8% of people with lower social deprivation. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) using multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals with high social deprivation are 2.31 times likelier to be in poor cognitive health and 3.58 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to individuals with low social deprivation after adjusting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics. </p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>The findings suggest that high social deprivation is associated with depression and cognitive health decline. Policymakers and planners should devise policies for elderly people to reduce social isolation and include leisure activities in their daily lives. Free health insurance and specialist care for the elderly can relieve the stress of paying for their healthcare at older ages and improve their mental and cognitive health.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life and Its Impact on Morbidity Among the Ageing Population: A Case Study of a District of India","authors":"Tapan Debnath, Ranjan Roy","doi":"10.1007/s40609-024-00335-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-024-00335-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quality of life (QOL) is a crucial indicator of health or morbidity status among the ageing population as well as humans. The ageing population is significantly vulnerable to different types of morbidity. The present study focuses on determining the Quality of Life among the ageing population and its influences on different types of morbidity in Koch Bihar district, India. The study is based on a primary household survey. A total of 510 households are surveyed for this study. The WHOQOL-BREF scale was used, and analysis was done using STATA software. Four binary logistic models are used to identify the impact of QOL on morbidities among the ageing population. The mean QOL score was maximum in the environmental health domain (53.3 ± 14.78), followed by psychological health (48.8 ± 13.78), and lowest in the social relationships domain (48.82 ± 13.78). Better physical health domain score was found among the young-old ageing population. Psychological health was better among Hindus and persons from nuclear families, whereas the male, urban ageing population had a better environmental domain. Psychological domain score was significantly better among the urban female Old-old ageing population, who are from the OBC caste and Hindu religion. Morbidity is classified into three categories, i.e., communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and disability. NCDs have a high prevalence rate among the ageing population. The present study revealed that Quality of Life (QOL) significantly influences morbidity among the ageing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51927,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Welfare","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}