Nordic Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Psychic structure, unconscious conflict and adolescent psychopathology: The contributions of OPD-CA–2","authors":"Nicolás Bagattini","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diagnosis has historically suffered from a lack of consensus around the categories or dimensions raised by the different psychopathological traditions. This is even more noticeable when working with children and adolescents. In this article, through the presentation of a case, the importance of performing a psychodynamic diagnosis in adolescence (in a complementary way to the categorical diagnosis) is highlighted, addressing the psychic structure, unconscious conflicts, and its relationship with the psychopathological presentation. The contributions of the OPD-CA-2 manual, and the self - report questionnaires derived from it for adolescent psychodynamic psychotherapy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network or hierarchy? Personality profiles of future military leaders","authors":"Oluf Gøtzsche-Astrup, Morten Brænder, Vilhelm Stefan Holsting","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To what degree do future military officers resemble the traditional hierarchical leadership ideal, and to what degree do they resemble an emerging new kind of network-based leadership ideal? Military organizations are constantly changing in response to pressures from within the organization and surrounding society. Today, such changes exert themselves in novel recruitment strategies for a new generation of military leaders. Previous studies have shown how a new network-organizational paradigm has come to the fore in military leadership and officer recruitment. However, the core requirements of military leadership—remaining calm under pressure and demonstrating an ability to lead others and inspire followership—remain the same. Military psychological scholarship has often focused on subgroups within the military rather than general differences in personality between military and civilian populations. We remedy this limitation in the literature, and use the Big Five taxonomy and a unique dataset consisting of the personality profiles of an entire cohort of Danish officer cadets (n = 190) and a large (n = 1,568) Danish population-representative sample. We compare officer cadets to civilians using a three-level matching procedure, finding that the pool from which future military leaders are selected, the military cadets, are less neurotic, more extraverted and somewhat more conscientious than their civilian counterparts, traits that we theorize fit with the core requirements of traditional military leadership. The results indicate that cadets are no less open or agreeable than their civilian peers, traits that we theorize are related to a balancing towards the network-organizational paradigm.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation and motivational climate in elite handball players: Multivariate modeling of performance","authors":"Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Ásrún Matthíasdóttir, J. Saavedra","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1922304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1922304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study's objectives were to analyse goal orientation and motivational climate in elite handball players as functions of age and gender; and construct a multivariate model explaining handball performance from a motivational perspective (orientation and climate). The participants were 174 national team handball players. They were categorized in accordance with the official age groups. Two questionnaires were used: Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2. A one-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post-hoc correction) was used to examine differences between teams for each gender. Discriminant analyses were performed to classify the participants of each team into two groups according to their performance level (starters and non-starters). There were no age or gender differences found in goal orientation, and very few differences in motivational climate. Except for the women's U19, U17, and U15 teams, it was possible to predict the performance level (starters and non-starters) in the different age and gender groups, achieving correct classification (55% to 93%). The two variables that were repeated most often (thrice) in the models were ego orientation and task cooperative learning. Coaches might focus on looking for handball players with ego orientation, while a climate of task-oriented motivation should predominate in training sessions.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trusting behavior and depressive symptoms","authors":"Elvar Friðriksson, Haukur Freyr Gylfason, Vaka Vésteinsdóttir, J. F. Sigurdsson","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1945948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945948","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economic games have been shown to be an effective way to assess interpersonal impairment, which is associated with depression. Because trust is a key element in all social interaction, we tested whether trust, assessed with an economic game, is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Participants (n = 163) took part in a distrust game and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), and demographic questions. Multiple regression analysis estimated the relationship between the outcome of the distrust game and the cut-off scores of the PHQ-9, those of the DASS depression scale, and a depressive dichotomous score created using the cut-off scores from the PHQ-9 and the DASS depression subscale. The cut-off scores of the PHQ-9, the DASS depression scale, and the depressive dichotomous score separately predicted trust. The distrust game could be useful in further research into underlying mechanisms in interpersonal impairments and deficits in decision making in depression, which could lead to the development of interventions aimed at reducing the interpersonal impairments often associated with mental health.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal study of prevalence and predictors of incidence and persistence of sub-diagnostic social anxiety among Swedish adolescents","authors":"Ewa Mörtberg, Markus Jansson Fröjmark, Nejra van Zalk, M. Tillfors","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1943498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1943498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This longitudinal study aimed to examine the 1-year prevalence, incidence and persistence of sub-diagnostic social anxiety (SSA) as well as general risk factors for the incidence and persistence of SSA during early and mid-adolescence. A Swedish sample of adolescents (N = 2,523) aged 13–14 years at Time 1 and 14–15 years at Time 2 completed measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms, stressors and emotion regulation strategies across the two timepoints. SSA was defined and assessed by the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire for Children. The prevalence of SSA was 16%, the incidence 12%, and the persistence 53% over time. Symptoms of depression and general anxiety, various stressors and emotion regulation strategies were overall significantly related to SSA. Predictors for the incidence of SSA were lower age, female gender and elevated general anxiety and behavioral avoidance (i.e. being afraid of new activities when there is uncertainty about the outcome). Predictors for persistent SSA were female gender and increased behavioral avoidance. In conclusion, SSA is very common among young individuals, and behavioral avoidance appears particularly important for understanding the development and persistence of SSA in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1943498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WAIS-IV short form applied to a mixed neurological Swedish clinical sample","authors":"M. Lindau, Milena Lundberg, M. Najström","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1918225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1918225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, fourth version (WAIS-IV), is a frequently used instrument for neuropsychological assessment. The aim was to assess the degree of conformity between the Scandinavian adaptation of the WAIS-IV and a short form of this scale (SF) in a mixed sample of neurological diagnoses. The SF comprised Block Design, Similarities, Digit Span, Arithmetic, Information, Digit Symbol (in the WAIS-IV named Coding), and Picture Completion, the latter here replaced by Matrix Reasoning. The sample consisted of 150 patients and included multiple sclerosis (n = 27), brain tumor (n = 15), traumatic brain injury (n = 60) and vascular brain damage (n = 48). There was a lack of congruence between the WAIS-IV and the SF in the entire sample, revealing selectively significantly higher scores for the SF on Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and Processing Speed Index (PSI). On a diagnostic group level, the discrepancies were as follows: in the traumatic brain injury group on FSIQ, Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and PSI, in the vascular damage group the FSIQ was significantly higher on SF compared to the WAIS-IV. Since the results revealed several mismatches between the SF and the WAIS-IV, except for the MS and traumatic brain tumor group, there is a lack of interchangeability between these two sets of tests. Thus, generally the SF cannot be recommended as a substitute for the WAIS-IV in this type of mixed Swedish neurological sample. The small sample sizes make the generalizability of this study limited.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1918225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status, pride, and educational motivation: Understanding differences in attitudes to education from the perspective of evolutionary emotion theory","authors":"M. Wolgast, S. Ajdahi, Erika Hansson, Sima Wolgast","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1939110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1939110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study suggests that the theoretical framework of evolutionary psychology, in particular theories and models relating to social status and pride, can be used to further our understanding of educational motivation. Our assumption was that the desire for social recognition and high status is a universal human phenomenon. Based on this, we suggested that differences in educational motivation among high school students would be related to differences in the extent to which one sees academic achievements as a viable path to social status and source of pride. The present study examined this topic using a cross-sectional design in a sample of high school students. In general, the results provided support for the hypothesis that status and pride are reliably related to educational motivation in high school students, and that the theoretical framework employed could be used to understand differences in educational motivation related to both gender and level of parental education.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1939110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43497894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"K. Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1966592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1966592","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Nordic Psychology has a number of interesting and important articles to be read during the beautiful Nordic fall. The articles cover important and interesting themes like working memory, social support, the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale, the normative dimensions of educational psychological practice and a critique of Hattie’s theory of Visible Learning. In the first article of this issue “Face-to-face working memory training does not enhance children’s reading comprehension a pilot study with Danish children” Hanne Knudsen and Kristine Jensen de L opez test a non-computerized Working Memory training method to improve children’s reading comprehension in a longitudinal design. 38 Danish children in 3rd and 4th grade divided into a training group and a control group. The results showed that Verbal Working Memory and reading comprehension were not improved following training. Visuo-spatial Working Memory improved at post-training, but the effect did not last into the one-year follow up. The role of Working Memory in reading comprehension and the pedagogical implications for teaching are discussed in the article. In the second article of this issue “Why does Perceived Social Support Protect against Somatic Symptoms: Investigating the Roles of Emotional Self-Efficacy and Depressive Symptoms” Ingrida Grigaityte and Patrik S€ oderberg investigate the roles of emotional self-efficacy and depressive symptoms as mediators of the effect of social support on physical health, based on a regionally representative sample in Finland. The study found that (a) perceived social support was associated with less somatic symptoms, (b) the relationship between perceived social support was partially and significantly mediated by both emotional self-efficacy and depressive symptoms, and (c) there was sign of a moderated mediation: the association between perceived social support and somatic symptoms was stronger for girls than for boys, and this association was primarily accounted for by the mediating role of depressive symptoms. In third article of this issue “Active lifestyle as a reflection of cognitive reserve – the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale” Kristiina Relander, Kaisa M€aki, Soinne Lauri, Juan Garc ıa-Garc ıa and Marja Hietanen examine the usefulness, validity and reliability of a modified Finnish translation of the Cognitive Reserve Scale, the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale. The Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale consists of 20 questions concerning studying and information seeking, hobbies and social relationships during three age phases. A group of 69 neurologically healthy adults aged 26–78 filled the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale and completed a neuropsychological test battery. The result showed that the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale was significantly associated with occupation and education but not with age or gender. There were significant associations between the Modified Cognitive Reserve Scale and verbal reasoning, visual reasoni","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46323696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blind spots in visible learning: A critique of John Hattie as an educational theorist","authors":"K. Nielsen, Jacob KlitmØller","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1962731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1962731","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, John Hattie’s book Visible Learning (2009) has greatly influenced educational practitioners and policymakers. The visible learning approach has been deemed “the Holy Grail of teaching” (Mansell, 2008), and Hattie has been called the “messiah” of educational research (Evans, 2012). In this article, we outline some of the significant methodological problems embedded in Hattie’s work and relate them to his theoretical stance. We argue that his focus on single causal factors causes him to disregard important dimensions in educational practice. Furthermore, by analyzing parts of the primary research and the meta-analysis upon which Hattie grounds his conclusions, we find both serious methodological challenges and validity problems. We relate these problems to the technological rationality that informs Hattie’s work and implicitly constitutes his theoretical approach. Finally, we outline, among other things, how questions of human agency and intentionality for attending school become marginalized as the broader consequences of using Hattie’s approach to institutionally organize teaching processes. Another consequence of Hattie’s work is that educational research begins with questions of methods rather than research into schools’ everyday teaching practices.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1962731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety disorders among Icelandic University students when taking functional impairment into account","authors":"Ingvar Eysteinsson, S. M. Gústavsson, J. F. Sigurdsson","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1914147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1914147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to test whether adding assessment of functional impairment to symptoms of specific mental disorders would have any effect on estimated prevalence of mental disorders in a non-clinical sample of university students in Iceland. A self-report measure was designed to assess the subjective functional impairment of anxiety, depression and stress in students’ everyday life. Measures were administered on paper to 671 participants. We hypothesized that taking functional impairment into account would yield lower prevalence rates than using only specific symptoms measures. The results suggests that the addition of functional impairment measure lends a context to the results of the symptom-specific measures and can provide a more accurate estimation of mental health problems of university students than symptoms self-report measures alone.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1914147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60007036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}