Nordic Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Children’s testimonies: What influences prosecutions and convictions in sexual abuse cases?","authors":"Linzi Margaret Trosh, Bjarki Thor Sigvardsson, T. Sveinsdottir, Haukur Freyr Gylfason, J. F. Sigurdsson","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1894222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1894222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of this study was to examine which factors regarding children’s testimony, at Barnahús in Iceland, influence prosecution and conviction of alleged sex offenders. The sample consisted of 542 cases of children interviewed between 1998 and 2012. Video recordings and reports of investigative interviews were analyzed by an expert interviewer, and information on prosecutions and convictions were obtained from court files. The results show that cases were more likely to be prosecuted when a child gave a detailed description of the alleged abuse. Cases were more likely to be convicted if the alleged abuse had occurred multiple times or had lasted more than a year. It is important for the judicial system to consider children’s communication and language difficulties when decisions are made. Sexual abuse cases, involving children, may be less likely to be prosecuted when children lack the ability to give detailed description of events.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"88 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1894222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45968502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"K. Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1893916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1893916","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Nordic Psychology has a number of really interesting articles to be read during the wonderful Nordic spring. The articles cover important and interesting themes like personal therapy, eating disorders, interview quality, Hong Psychological Reactance Scale and job embeddedness. In the first article in this issue “Personal therapy and the personal therapist” Fredrik Moe and Jens Thimm summarized the theoretical and empirical literature on personal therapy and its effects on the professional development of therapists and on patient treatment. In a systematic review of the literature, the article demonstrated a convergence between reported benefits from personal therapy and therapist qualities. Furthermore, the articled showed that psychotherapists have rationales (e.g., improvement of emotional and mental functioning and a better understanding of the dynamics between therapist and patient) for attending personal therapy, and self-report studies indicated that they experience benefits related to the important characteristics of effective therapists (e.g., empathy, genuineness, formation of a working alliance). Studies of personal therapy and therapist development found no causal connection or correlation with or effects on patient treatment. In the second article in this issue “«In Solitude is Safeness»: a Patient Perspective on Eating Disorders in the Context of Multiple Childhood Trauma” Malin Olofsson, Hanne Oddli, KariAnne Vrabel and Asle Hoffart described variation and common features in the lived experiences of eating disorders patients with childhood physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse and neglect. Semi-structured interviews were conducted post-treatment with nine participants aged 25-59. The results showed eating disorders onset was described as related to the failure of parental figures and their functions, whereas eating disorders maintenance related to the highly isolative and self-perpetuating nature of the disorder. Furthermore, four master themes emerged across eating disorders and trauma categories: 1) Shape and weight as regulators of closeness and distance, 2) eating disorders as a sanctuary for counteracting feelings of helplessness and incompetence, 3) eating disorders as a designated caregiver, and 4) eating disorders filling an existential emptiness while emptying unwanted emotions. In third article in this issue “Transfer of Simulated Interview Training Effects into Interviews with Children Exposed to a Mock Event” Francesco Pompedda, Annegrete Palu, Kristjan Kask, Karolyn Schiff, Anna Soveri, Jan Antfolk and Pekka Santtila studied if repeated feedback in interviews improve the quality of the interviews. In the study, 40 psychologists were trained (Study I) and 69 psychology students (Study II). In both studies, half of the participants received no feedback (control group) while the other half received feedback (experimental group) on their performance during repeated interviews with avatars. The analyses of t","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1893916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face-to-face workin g memory training does not enhance children’s reading comprehension - a pilot study with Danish children1","authors":"H. Knudsen, K. J. López","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2020.1856001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1856001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2020.1856001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43831218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic future thinking in 35-, 47-, and 55-month-old children","authors":"R. P. Svane, Toril S. Jensen, Tirill F. Hjuler, Trine Sonne, O. Kingo, Peter Krøjgaard","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1873829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1873829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The trip task has been used as a verbal test for examining preschool children’s episodic future thinking. However, the only existing study using the trip task merely examined 3-year-olds. In order to investigate how future projections develop, we examined a total of 241 preschool children in three age groups (35-, 47-, and 55-month-olds). As expected, the results revealed a developmental progression with the older children outperforming their younger peers. The obtained results correspond to existing evidence using behavioral tasks, and thereby underscores the robustness of previous findings showing that the ability to project oneself into the future undergoes a marked development from 3 to 5 years of age. In addition, and more specifically, the results presented here when considered together with other evidence, may suggest a hitherto neglected developmental spurt from around 3.5- to 4-years of age in relation to episodic future thinking, calling for further research in this age range.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"53 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1873829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How old was she? The accuracy of assessing the age of adolescents’ based on photos","authors":"R. Norja, Linda C Karlsson, J. Antfolk, T. Nyman, Julia Korkman","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1887752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1887752","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information on the degree to which individuals can make accurate estimations of someone’s age can be of importance in different legal contexts, such as for example child sexual abuse cases in which the victim is an adolescent and asylum procedures. There is, however, a scarcity of studies concerning age estimations conducted with young target persons. Using facial photos of target persons aged 12–18 years, we investigated the effects of gender, age, and ethnicity of both targets (n = 240) and observers (n = 869) on the accuracy of age estimation. We also investigated the effects of targets’ facial expressions (neutral or smiling), use of makeup, and photo quality. Participants overestimated the age of the adolescents by, on average, 3.51 years. Participants overestimated the age of young adolescent girls to a greater extent than that of younger boys. Men made larger overestimations than women. Participants also estimated smiling targets as being older than targets with neutral facial expression, and the age of girls with makeup to be older than girls without makeup. Because there was considerable variation in the accuracy of estimations, and overestimates were common, we conclude that the ability of individuals to estimate the age of adolescents is generally low. This might have important legal implications.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"70 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1887752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48672077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambiguous loss and disenfranchised grief among spouses of brain injury survivors","authors":"Cecilie Marie Schmidt ThØgersen, Chalotte Glintborg","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2020.1862699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1862699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acquired brain injury (ABI) represents a great burden for not only the person with ABI but also their partner. Grief among partners of adults with ABI is a broadly recognized phenomenon. However, few studies have examined partners’ experience of grief, and little is known about grief as a reaction to ambiguous loss. This article presents a phenomenological study that aimed to explore the experience of grief among caregiving partners. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed by a phenomenological descriptive analysis. Through the analysis, nine themes were identified: the process of becoming a caregiver, grief emotions, loss, emotionally closer relations to the partner relations, dyadic coping, unmet needs for support, future opportunities, changes over the life course, and understanding of grief. The themes are interrelated and highlight various aspects of the phenomenon of grief as experienced by caregivers. Results reveal that grief is often a reaction to ambiguous loss and is experienced as disenfranchised. Furthermore, the study indicates that caregivers’ perception of grief and the situation in general were essential to the experience of grief.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"16 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2020.1862699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47609057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Assumptions Underlying Credibility Assessments in Finnish Asylum Determinations","authors":"Jenny Skrifvars, Veronica Sui, J. Antfolk, Tanja van Veldhuizen, Julia Korkman","doi":"10.31234/OSF.IO/AEUT9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/AEUT9","url":null,"abstract":"Current best-practice guidelines for credibility assessments in asylum procedures have been criticized for their susceptibility to subjectivity and bias. The current study investigated assumptions underlying credibility assessments in Finnish first-instance asylum procedures and how these assumptions fit with widely accepted psychological science. Following previous research, we categorized assumptions in 56 real-life asylum cases from the Finnish Immigration Service. We found that asylum officials held assumptions about how truthful applicants present their claims, the plausibility of individuals’ behavior in their home countries, and applicants’ knowledge about asylum procedures. The assumptions were only partially in line with psychological science on memory, trauma, intercultural communication, and decision-making. To improve decision-making, training programs for asylum officials should include relevant findings from psychological science. To increase the transparency and combat bias, the written determination letters should also include explicit information about the decision-makers reasoning processes.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating measurement tools for mentalization, emotion regulation difficulties and identity diffusion among Finnish adolescents","authors":"Sami J. Eloranta, R. Kaltiala, N. Lindberg, M. Kaivosoja, Kirsi Peltonen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2020.1863852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1863852","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mentalization, emotion regulation, and identity diffusion are theoretically and clinically important transdiagnostic psychological constructs that contribute to mental health. In order to advance meaningful empirical research on these constructs, we need measures that are well tested. In this study, we used confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability and construct validity of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), different versions of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Assessment of Identity Development and Identity Diffusion in Adolescence (AIDA) with data from a general population of Finnish adolescents (N = 360). For MZQ, the factor structure and validity of the subscales were not confirmed. For DERS, a short version, that did not include the lack of emotional awareness subscale was the most coherent and recommendable version of the measure, with a good degree of reliability and a reasonable indication of the convergent and discriminative validity between the subscales. For AIDA, the factor structure was confirmed, but when using this measure for research purposes, it should be taken into account that reverse coding items may affect the factor structure by creating a method factor. The reliability of the AIDA was acceptable, but some of the subscales showed poor convergent and discriminative validity.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"30 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2020.1863852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46846631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential avoidance mediates the relations between mindfulness and PTSD symptoms severity in terrorist attack survivors","authors":"C. Aliche, C. M. Ifeagwazi, P. Mefoh, John E. Eze, J. C. Chukwuorji","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2020.1852953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1852953","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is substantial evidence supporting the robust dissipative influence of mindfulness on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but its mediating pathway has been rarely explored. The present study aimed at determining whether the relationship between mindfulness and PTSD symptoms is mediated via the mechanism of experiential avoidance (EA). This cross-sectional study involved 577 survivors of Fulani herdsmen attack in South-eastern Nigeria. Igbo language version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, and PTSD Symptom Checklist for DSM-5 were completed by the participants. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the independent association between mindfulness, EA and PTSD symptoms. Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was employed for mediation analysis. Results revealed that mindfulness was directly and negatively associated with PTSD symptoms and was also negatively associated with PTSD symptoms via the pathway of lower EA. EA was also directly and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioural change intervention in the management of PTSD in survivors of a terror attack as it may be beneficial in disabling PTSD symptoms through a decrease in EA.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"191 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2020.1852953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43511400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recorded Withdrawal from The Police Investigation Among Victims of Rape: A Mixed Method Approach to Identifying Case Characteristics and Police Documented Reasons","authors":"N. B. Hansen, S. L. Ravn, M. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2020.1862698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1862698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to police records, many rape cases are closed because victims withdraw from the police investigation. However, little is known about the causes of victim withdrawal, and findings need to be replicated in other cultural contexts, as existing literature primarily stems from the US and UK. Based on a sample of rapes reported in a Danish police district, the present study was aimed at enhancing our understanding of the characteristics and causes of recorded victim withdrawal from the police investigation following rape using a mixed-methods approach. The objective of the study was twofold. The first objective was to investigate the impact of selected case characteristics on the likelihood of recorded victim withdrawal using a logistic regression analysis. Results showed that stranger assaults and cases with no verbal or physical victim resistance or no forensic examination were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of recorded victim withdrawal. The second objective was to qualitatively explore police documented reasons for victim withdrawal in files using content analysis. Results indicated that victims may withdraw from the investigation for several reasons, for instance due to psychological distress associated with participating in an investigation. The findings underline potential barriers for the cooperation between victims and police in the investigation of rapes and should be used for establishing initiatives toward reducing the risk of victim withdrawal in rape investigations.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"3 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2020.1862698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}