JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.1291

Yuan-Yuan Pei

引用次数: 0

Medicine and Poetry as Spiritual Callings. 作为精神召唤的医学和诗歌。

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.0907

Rafael Campo

引用次数: 0

Potential Pitfalls in Bayesian Analysis for Child Abuse: Tending to Each Tree With a Forest of Data. 虐待儿童贝叶斯分析中的潜在陷阱：用数据森林照顾每一棵树。

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.4722

Daniel M Lindberg,Christopher Greeley,Cindy W Christian

引用次数: 0

Non-Risk-Based Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography. 低剂量计算机断层扫描无风险肺癌筛查。

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.4017

Caichen Li,Bo Cheng,Jianfu Li,Shan Xiong,Wenhai Fu,Yu Jiang,Chujing Zhou,Ran Zhong,Feng Li,Qing Zhang,Hengrui Liang,Wei Wang,Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang,Alexandra L Potter,Xiaoqin Du,Qiuxia Qiu,Chunyu Yang,Baoqing Sun,Ying Chen,Junzhe Liu,Bin Xu,Nanshan Zhong,Wenhua Liang,Jianxing He,

引用次数: 0

Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery. 静脉注射利多卡因促进肠道功能恢复

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.0992

Ottilie Trocheris-Fumery,Stéphane Bar,Osama Abou-Arab

引用次数: 0

Has This Child Experienced Physical Abuse? 这个孩子经历过身体虐待吗？

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.2216

Sonal N. Shah, Hiu-fai Fong, Suzanne B. Haney, Nancy S. Harper, Mary Clyde Pierce, Mark I. Neuman

{"title":"Has This Child Experienced Physical Abuse?","authors":"Sonal N. Shah, Hiu-fai Fong, Suzanne B. Haney, Nancy S. Harper, Mary Clyde Pierce, Mark I. Neuman","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.2216","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceNearly 100 000 children experience physical abuse each year in the US. Among approximately 2000 annual deaths related to child maltreatment, more than 40% resulted from physical abuse, and half of those children were younger than 1 year. Many of these young children had unidentified abusive injuries before the fatal event.ObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of clinical and radiologic findings for identifying physical abuse among children who have sustained an injury.Data Sources and Study SelectionMEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Embase were searched for articles published from 1970 to September 2024. Three authors identified studies describing clinical and radiologic characteristics in children and adolescents undergoing assessment for physical abuse.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe number of children with and without each clinical or radiologic finding, and the presence or absence of physical abuse, which had been determined by expert panels, predefined criteria, or standardized scales that quantify the level of concern for abuse, were recorded.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of each finding for the presence of physical abuse were calculated and the range or calculated summary measures were reported when the finding was evaluated in more than 1 study.ResultsOf 7378 unique articles, 18 studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of physical abuse in these 18 studies ranged from 5% to 79%. Studies that were focused on skin findings in children evaluated for trauma showed that the presence of oral injury such as a torn frenulum (positive LR, 6.6 [95% CI, 3.2-14.0]), bruising on the buttocks (positive LR range, 15-83) or neck (positive LR range, 2.2-84), patterned bruises (positive LR range, 2.0-66), and subconjunctival hemorrhage (positive LR range, 5.4-130) were associated with increased likelihood of physical abuse. In studies of hospitalized children with head injury, the presence of retinal hemorrhages (positive LR, 11.0 [95% CI, 4.0-32.0]), seizures (positive LR, 3.9 [95% CI, 2.4-6.5]), hypoxic ischemic injury (positive LR, 3.4 [95% CI, 1.8-6.4]), or a subdural hematoma (positive LR, 3.2 [95% CI, 2.6-3.8]) increased the likelihood of physical abuse. In studies examining children who underwent skeletal surveys, a single fracture (positive LR, 5.9 [95% CI, 2.9-12.0]) or multiple fractures (positive LR, 3.8 [95% CI, 2.4-6.0]) increased the likelihood of physical abuse.Conclusions and RelevanceA detailed physical examination that reveals oral injury, bruises on the buttocks or neck, patterned bruises, and subconjunctival hemorrhage in young children should alert clinicians to the possibility of physical abuse. Findings on neuroimaging and ophthalmologic evaluation in infants and young children with head trauma can help clinicians determine the likelihood of physical abuse.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery-Reply. 静脉注射利多卡因对肠道功能恢复的作用。

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.0995

Hugh Paterson,Thenmalar Vadiveloo,Graeme MacLennan

引用次数: 0

Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery. 静脉注射利多卡因促进肠道功能恢复

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.0989

Marc B Godfried

引用次数: 0

Observations on the Discovery of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Action 胰高血糖素样肽-1作用的发现观察

JAMA Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.5142

Jacques Philippe, Alvin C. Powers