Mediterranean Architectural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Object Detection Method for Automated Classification of Distress in Rabat's Built Heritage","authors":"Oumaima Khlifati","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Rabat, the capital city of Morocco, proudly boasts a rich and complex architecture-al legacy that beautifully blends historical influences ranging from Islamic to con-temporary designs. Conserving this unique heritage holds paramount importance in safeguarding the city's distinctiveness and cultural significance. Conventional approaches to cataloging and categorization have been time-consuming and susceptible to human errors. Hence, this study aims to overcome these obstacles by creating a sophisticated object detection model to streamline the classification process. In this study, we propose an innovative deep learning-driven approach to detect and classify various degradations of built heritage. The dataset used in this study comprises numerous captured images that display diverse types of degradation, including cracks, collapse, rising damp, spalling, delamination, and lichens. Manual annotation was conducted to label the various damages present in the dataset. These labeled images were then used to train and validate the model. Multiple performance metrics were employed to assess and evaluate the model's performance, including precision and recall. Based on the results, the developed model has demonstrated excellent performance in both detecting and classifying different types of damage. This model's effective use aids local authorities in urban planning, heritage preservation, education, and tourism promotion, yielding broad implications.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrometric Characterization of Moroccan Architectural Glazed Tiles","authors":"Mohamed EL AMRAOUI","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present work relates to a multi-analytic characterization of glazed tiles consisting of green monochrome glazed ceramics used in Moroccan architecture to protect ceilings, walls and roofs from rainwater. These tiles originate from five sites and date back to different historical periods: Bou-Inania Madrasa in Meknes (14th century), Prison of Qara in Meknes (18th century), Dar El-Beida Palace in Meknes (18th century) and Al-Hibous Cemetery of Mdaghra in Errachidia (19th century). Different analysis techniques were used in view to go back to the ancient technological processes adopted (materials, coloring pigments, firing temperatures, etc..). Optical absorption spectrometry revealed two different types of chromogenic ions in green glazes, chromium Cr3+ in the case of the tiles from Dar El-Beida Palace and Prison of Qara, and copper Cu2+ in the case of the tiles from Bou-Inania Madrasa and Al-Hibous Cemetery. Raman microspectroscopy identified different coloring phases with two types of green glazes, escolaite (Cr2O3) in the case of the glazes of the Prison of Qara and copper phthalocyanine mixed with a chromium-based pigment in the case of the glazes of the Dar El-Beida Palace. However, the origin of the green color in the glazes from Bou-Inania Medersa in Meknes and Al-Hibous cemetery of Errachidia may be due to the dissolution of copper in the vitreous glazes. X-ray diffraction, supported by Raman microspectrometry, revealed the mineralogical compositions of the terracotta tiles. Quartz and calcite are the main phases, while hematite and \"high temperature\" phases (anorthite, gehlenite and diopside) appear as minority ones. These identified phases permit to estimate the firing temperature of the tiles at around 950 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere. The chromatic coordinates of all glazes, represented in the Lab CIE color space, made it possible to discriminate objectively all green colors. The present investigation of glazes from different historical sites allowed the exploration of the coloring materials, revealed differences in the adopted technological protocols and permitted the establishment of a color reference database to follow glazes degradation and to help while replacing missing or degraded tile pieces.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":"18 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Local Building Materials Stabilised with Gum Arabic in the Drâa-Tafilalet Region, South-East Morocco","authors":"Charaf Eddine EL MANSOURI","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Morocco enjoys a very remarkable earthen architectural heritage throughout the southeast of the country, earthen constructions which are characterized by its ability to absorb and reject moisture from the indoor air according to the fluctuations of the microclimate of the building guarantees a passive indoor comfort that would save energy. Unfortunately, earthen structures suffer from rapid degradation due to climatic changes (temperature, air humidity, water...). This study concerns mechanical, thermal characterization and durability of compressed earth blocks manufactured (CEB) with clay, gum arabic with different proportions. For this purpose, the mass percentages of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of gum arabic by contribution to the total mass are retained for this research work. cylindrical bricks of CEB are manufactured to carry out mechanical tests, and those of prismatic form are adapted for the determination of thermal conductivities with the method \"house has high insulation\". The use of gum arabic as a binder in construction has given satisfactory results. At a rate of 5% of gum arabic the bricks are associated with a compaction stress of 5.78 MPA for the compressive strength, allow us to obtain CEB with an acceptable mechanical strength and a better resistance to rainwater. In addition, the values of thermal conductivity measured, show that when the rate of gum arabic increases, the thermal conductivity rises. The thermal conductivities of all formulations vary between 0.72 and 1.05 W/(m.K). The durability test carried out on the stabilized and non-stabilized bricks, shows that the specimens not stabilized by gum arabic are totally degraded from 5 min of immersion, On the other hand those stabilized by gum arabic kept their shape more than 5 hours. This study proved the effectiveness of CEB stabilized by gum arabic for use as new sustainable construction materials in the region of Drâa-Tafilalet (southeast of Morocco).","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":"89 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Influence of Shale Extracted from the Settat Khouribga Region on the Characteristics of Concrete","authors":"Ayoub Souileh","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The incorporation of indigenous materials in the production of reinforced concrete offers a twofold prospect: the potential reduction of construction costs and environmental impact, along with the stimulation of economic growth in the source regions. To maximize the utility of shale derived from the Settat-Khouribga area and assess its influence on concrete properties, a series of tests were conducted on the material. Samples underwent meticulous characterization, encompassing mineralogical composition, particle size distribution, and mechanical properties. A comprehensive set of assessments was applied to the concrete samples, including tests for compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, porosity, and resistance to reinforcement corrosion over an extended timeframe. Concrete samples containing clay shale demonstrated compressive and flexural strength comparable to or even surpassing that of conventional concrete samples. Additionally, the incorporation of clay shale led to a reduction in porosity and water absorption in concrete, indicating an enhancement in durability.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":"18 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Great Synagogue of Algiers to Jamma Lihoud, Architectural Monography of a Centuries-Old Building","authors":"Naouel Nessark","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article proposes a monographic study of the great synagogue of Algiers. An important architectural and symbolic construction, which is not only representative of the changes experienced by the Jewish community and their places of worship after 1830, but also of the contradictions of the colonial administration toward them. The monumental character, the use of many elements of the local architecture, and the Moorish style, have made of it a singular building in this middle of the Algerian nineteenth century imbued with the Parisian inspiration on architecture. Designed in an Arabian style, on a plan close to the plan of the traditional North African synagogues, the building was converted into a mosque after independence, without major consequences on its formal appearance. The communication proposes a detailed analysis of the spatial context, of this conversion.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled Glass-Fiber Reinforced Cement (RGFRC) Waste as a Substitute in Concrete Production","authors":"Amine Naim","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nowadays, a large amount of glass fiber reinforced cement (GFRC) waste from construction industries and demolition activities presents a significant source of major environmental and economic problems. In order to protect the environment, many studies have been conducted to recycle and reuse these wastes in concrete production. The present work also aims to reach this objective and to show technically the possibility of recycling glass fiber reinforced cement waste (RGFRC) as a partial substitution in concrete production. Three concrete mix variations were formulated: one comprising solely natural aggregate (NC) serving as the control, and two others incorporating a blend of natural and recycled glass fiber reinforced cement (RGFRC) with 20% and 40% replacement of recycled aggregate, respectively. The test of compressive strength behavior was performed on the mixes. The results showed that concrete containing 20% RGFRC has the best mechanical properties compared with the control concrete and that using more RGFRC would have a harmful impact on the mechanical characteristics of concrete.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 60","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Thermal Insulation on the Energy Requirements of a Tertiary Building in Meknes","authors":"A. Bouchark","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Thermal insulation materials are essential for minimizing heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer in buildings, irrespective of the presence or absence of air conditioning systems. The right choice of insulation materials paves the way for considerable savings in buildings' energy requirements, while rationalizing the use of air-conditioning systems. This is all the more important in Morocco, where the building sector is one of the biggest consumers of energy. Consequently, improving the energy efficiency of buildings is an imperative, especially in the current context characterized by the gradual depletion of fossil resources and ever-rising energy costs. Our study focuses on the practical impact of integrating different insulation materials, including phase-change materials (PCMs), hemp concrete and polystyrene, into the structure of a tertiary building in Meknes, Morocco. The results of this research highlight that the incorporation of effective thermal insulation in the building's various construction elements results in substantial reductions in energy requirements, both in terms of heating and cooling. It should be noted that this study was carried out using energy simulations with TRNSYS software.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Characterization of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Earth Bricks Stabilized by Alkaline Solution and Reinforced with Natural Fibers: A Comparative Study","authors":"Mohamed Char","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The use of earth bricks is a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional building materials. However, these bricks can be vulnerable to erosion and extreme climatic conditions, which may limit their use in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experimental study, the aim was to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of earth bricks by stabilizing them with a mixture of alkaline solution and reinforcing them with natural fibers (maize, reeds, and olive). To this end, we designed earth bricks with different fiber percentages (from 0% to 8% of soil weight) and a fixed percentage of alkaline solution of 1.5%. After 28 days, the bricks were subjected to an experimental study to assess their thermal and mechanical cleanliness. The results showed that bricks stabilized with a fiber percentage of 2% and 3% had the best mechanical properties. They also showed an increase in thermal resistance as the percentage of fibers used increased. In addition, these bricks had higher compressive and tensile strengths than unstabilized bricks. This experimental study demonstrated that stabilizing earth bricks with a mixture of alkaline solution and fibers significantly improved their thermal properties.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}