RUSI Journal最新文献

{"title":"AI Technologies and International Relations: Do We Need New Analytical Frameworks?","authors":"Ingvild Bode","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2024.2392394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2024.2392394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AI technologies are drawing increasing attention among international relations (IR) scholars. Ingvild Bode reviews this literature through considering, in particular, the extent to which such studies continue to use or expand on well-traded analytical frameworks. She finds that scholarship on AI in IR can look back at a longer-than-expected trajectory and centres on four key themes: the balance of power; disinformation; governance; and ethics. Much of this literature works with well-established IR conceptualisations, while studies across three emerging themes - (re)conceptualising technology, beyond the AI arms race, and unpacking relevant actors - push and expand established disciplinary frameworks. ◼.</p>","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"169 5","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the Relationship Between War and Strategy","authors":"Shane Praiswater","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2275031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2275031","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe doctrinal definitions of strategy regarding ‘ends, ways, and means’ imply an unrealistic linear process, which lulls military officers into unrealistic expectations before conflict and subverts their strategic roles once fighting begins. When it comes to actions taken during a conflict, there should be no separation between political, economic or military strategies, as death and destruction drive reciprocity between war and strategy. Shane Praiswater argues that despite the best efforts of pre-war military strategists, there is an unrecognised danger in attempting strategy before a conflict. Therefore, while generals briefing a literal war plan and objectives amid an emerging crisis will ask important questions regarding national interests, feasibility, risks and so on, they should not use the term strategy. Military leaders present plans, tactics and objectives derived from political guidance, but true strategy can only begin once the war starts. This essay is written from a US perspective but is applicable to any democratic system with a civilian-dominated chain of command. ◼ The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official position of the United States Air Force or Department of Defense.Notes1 Peter Feaver, ‘The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control’, Armed Forces and Society (Vol. 23, No. 2, 1996), pp. 149–78; Eliot A Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York, NY: Free Press, 2002); Risa Brooks, ‘Paradoxes of Professionalism: Rethinking Civil-Military Relations in the United States’, International Security (Vol. 44, No. 4, 1 April 2020), pp. 7–44.2 Richard K Betts, ‘Is Strategy an Illusion?’, International Security (Vol. 25, No. 2, 2000), pp. 5–50.3 Eliot A Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York, NY: Free Press, 2002).4 While the point of this essay is not to create a new and perfect definition of strategy, it does argue that a significant level of violence is necessary to consider the processes involved. As Libiseller and Milevski discuss when considering hybrid or grey-zone conflicts, ambiguous concepts often create more ambiguity than the phenomena they attempt to describe. Libiseller and Milevski astutely observe that by focusing ‘exclusively on violence, Western thinking on war misses the nuance of Clausewitz’s definition’. It might be feasible that violence is not a necessary condition for a fashionably labelled grey-zone operation to be war. However, for the purposes of strategy, this essay argues that violence is a prerequisite for the processes that should drive leaders, regardless of whether a war is actually declared. A non-violent war, however that might look, will simply not drive the same emotions and decisions a violent conflict does. Chiara Libiseller and Lukas Milevski, ‘War and Peace: Reaffirming the Distinction’, Survival (Vol. 63, No. 1, February 2021), ","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"39 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good Soldiers Don’t Rape: The Stories We Tell about Military Sexual Violence","authors":"Tara Zammit","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2273066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2273066","url":null,"abstract":"\"Good Soldiers Don’t Rape: The Stories We Tell about Military Sexual Violence.\" The RUSI Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Additional informationNotes on contributorsTara ZammitTara Zammit is a PhD Candidate in War Studies at King’s College London and has been awarded the SSHRC-CRSH Department of National Defence MINDS Initiative Doctoral Award to undertake her research on women and LGBTQ + service personnel in the British Armed Forces. In addition to her doctoral studies, Zammit is a member of the Leadership Team for Women in Defence UK, a RUSI NextGen Ambassador, and a volunteer with the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"2011 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overestimating Soviet Airpower","authors":"Martin Verrier","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2268733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2268733","url":null,"abstract":"The overestimation of Soviet airpower by the US started in the early 1940s. In this study, Martin Verrier focuses on US intelligence assessments of early Soviet jet fighters during the period 1945–53, comparing them with actual production numbers and technical details obtained from Russian and Soviet sources. This study contributes to the existing literature on aircraft and missile intelligence assessments, including the well-studied ‘Bomber gap’ and ‘Missile gap’.◼","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"27 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moscow’s Perspective on Nuclear Deterrence and War","authors":"Anzhelika Solovyeva","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2265415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2265415","url":null,"abstract":"While the threat of Russia’s use of nuclear weapons in Ukraine remains, it becomes ever more important to address the long history of confusion among Western analysts in trying to understand the Kremlin’s thinking. Anzhelika Solovyeva contends that while the Soviets were more serious and systematic in terms of deterrence than has often been assumed, layered deterrence and theatre-level war-fighting constitute two complementary but different paradigms of Russia’s current nuclear strategy.◼","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Henry Colburn’s United Service Journal and the Founding of RUSI","authors":"Jacqui Grainger","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2254979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2254979","url":null,"abstract":"Jacqui Grainger explores the beginnings of RUSI, from the creation of the United Service Journal to the founding of the Institute, and the man behind their inception: Henry Colburn.■","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un Ejército de Todos","authors":"Carlos Solar","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2260639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2260639","url":null,"abstract":"\"Un Ejército de Todos.\" The RUSI Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Additional informationNotes on contributorsCarlos SolarCarlos Solar is Senior Research Fellow in Latin American Security at RUSI.","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shipbuilding Policy in the UK: The Legacy of a Century of Decline and its Influence on Naval Procurement","authors":"Paul Stott","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2250389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2250389","url":null,"abstract":"While the shipbuilding industry in the UK is at a stage of maturity that would not ordinarily warrant a government strategy, the government has developed what is in essence an industrial strategy to maintain the ability to build warships. This strategy is the responsibility of the Ministry of Defence, and has developed to encompass commercial as well as naval shipbuilding. It aims to reverse the level of industry maturity through the stimulation of competition and exporting, and to improve the procurement process to reduce costs. The strategy is pervaded by a tendency to view the industry in the context of its history and the recovery of past shipbuilding glories – an aim of the shipbuilding industry in the UK for around a century. The fundamental need is to provide the UK with the ability to produce warships that represent value for money to the Treasury, and this does not require the ‘recovery of past glories’. New thinking based solely on objectivity, unconstrained by the past, may increase the potential to achieve this goal. Paul Stott uses a new data set to examine the UK government’s National Shipbuilding Strategy and considers its potential for success. ◼","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Note","authors":"Emma De Angelis","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2249289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2249289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Cognitive Control in Paranormal Beliefs: A Study Based on Performance in Go/No-go Task.","authors":"Abdolvahed Narmashiri, Javad Hatami, Reza Khosrowabadi, Ahmad Sohrabi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.923.3","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.923.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive control plays a role in human behavior and mental processes and affects paranormal beliefs. This study aims to investigate the role of cognitive control in paranormal beliefs using the go/no-go task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 92 people were selected based on low, middle, and high scores in the revised paranormal belief scale (R-PBS) and assigned to 3 groups. The groups included 30 severe paranormal believers (13 females with a mean age of 25.3 years), 31 mild paranormal believers (14 females with a mean age of 26.4 years), and 31 skeptics (16 females with a mean age of 25.8 years). All participants were tested on the go/no-go task. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted with the given groups (severe paranormal believers, mild paranormal believers, and skeptics) as the independent variable and the go/no-go subscales scores as dependent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed a significant difference between the mean scores in errors of go (F_{(2, 89)}=7.20, P=0.01), errors of no-go (F_{(2, 89)}=11.81, P=0.01), and reaction time (F_{(2, 89)}=21.46, P=0.01) between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severe and mild paranormal believers had lower accuracy and slower reaction times than the skeptics group. Therefore, severe paranormal believers and mild paranormal believers had a weakness in all go/no-go subscale scores. This finding suggests that paranormal beliefs may be related to poor cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Believers show weak cognitive control.Skeptics perform better in accuracy and reaction time.Paranormal beliefs linked to poor cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>This study explores why some people strongly believe in paranormal phenomena while others don't. This study investigated the connection between cognitive control (our ability to manage thoughts and behavior) and paranormal beliefs. They found that individuals with stronger paranormal beliefs had poorer cognitive control, as they made more errors and had slower reaction times compared to skeptics. However, it's important to note that this study doesn't prove causation; it only highlights a potential link that needs more research. Understanding this connection is important because it helps us grasp why some people are more prone to believing in paranormal events. It also opens up avenues for studying how cognitive control affects human behavior and thinking. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cognitive control and paranormal beliefs, contributing to our understanding of human behavior and belief systems. More research can further deepen our knowledge of why people hold different beliefs and how cognitive processes influence those beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51795,"journal":{"name":"RUSI Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"411-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10700808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81668315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}