Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research最新文献

{"title":"Field evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a classical swine fever virus E2 subunit vaccine in breeding and nursery animals on Jeju Island, South Korea.","authors":"Guehwan Jang,&nbsp;Eun-Joo Kim,&nbsp;Seong-Cheol Cho,&nbsp;Sung-Up Moon,&nbsp;Byeong Soo Kim,&nbsp;Jinhee Kim,&nbsp;Kyoung Ju Jeong,&nbsp;Kyungok Song,&nbsp;Seong Hwan Mun,&nbsp;Won-Myoung Kang,&nbsp;Jonghoo Lee,&nbsp;Changnam Park,&nbsp;Hyoung-Seok Yang,&nbsp;Changhee Lee","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged on CSF-free Jeju Island where vaccination is not practiced by the unintentional injection of a live attenuated vaccine (modified live attenuated vaccines-low-virulence Miyagi [MLV-LOM]) in 2014. Since the Jeju provincial authority is considering adopting a voluntary immunization policy using a CSF-E2 subunit vaccine to combat LOM-derived CSF endemic, this study aimed to evaluate in Jeju herds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two vaccination trials using the Bayovac CSF-E2 vaccine licensed for use in South Korea assessed the safety and humoral immunity of the CSF-E2 vaccine in breeding (trial 1) and nursery animals (trial 2) under farm application conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither local nor systemic (including reproductive) adverse effects were objectively observed in pregnant sows and young piglets following a respective vaccination regime at pregnancy or weaning, respectively. Trial 1 showed that sows immunized with the CSF-E2 vaccine possessed high and consistent E2-specific and neutralizing antibody levels. The CSF-E2 vaccine-immunized pregnant sows subsequently conferred appropriate and steady passive immunity to their offspring. In trial 2, a double immunization scheme of the CSF-E2 vaccine in piglets at 40 and 60 days of age could elicit a consistent and long-lasting adequate antibody response. Additionally, the two trials detected no E^rns-specific antibody responses, indicating that CSF-E2 vaccine can differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our trial data collectively provide invaluable information on applying the CSF-E2 subunit vaccine to circumvent the possible drawbacks associated with the MLV-LOM concerning the safety, efficacy, and DIVA, in the LOM-endemic field farms and contribute to advanced CSF eradication on Jeju Island.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/b9/cevr-11-264.PMC9691865.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying immunodominant multi-epitopes from the envelope glycoprotein of the Lassa mammarenavirus as vaccine candidate for Lassa fever.","authors":"Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye,&nbsp;Ezinne Janefrances Nwonu,&nbsp;Titilayo Mercy Asala,&nbsp;Amoge Chidinma Ogu,&nbsp;Doofan Bur,&nbsp;Chimaobi Chukwu,&nbsp;Angus Nnamdi Oli,&nbsp;Tarimoboere Agbalalah","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lassa fever is a zoonotic acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV). There is currently no licensed vaccine for the prevention of the disease. This study is aimed at discovering immunodominant epitopes from the envelope glycoprotein of the Lassa mammarenavirus and designing of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (VC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The amino acid sequences of the envelope glycoprotein of 26 strains of LASV from five countries were selected. After evaluation for antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity, immunodominant CD8, CD4, and linear B lymphocytes were also selected. The selected epitopes were modelled and a molecular docking with the appropriate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins was performed. Using an adjuvant and linkers, a multi-epitope VC was designed. The VC was evaluated for its physicochemical and immunological properties and structurally refined, validated, and mutated (disulphide engineering). The complex formed by the VC and the toll-like receptor-4 receptor was subjected to molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) followed by in silico cloning in a plasmid vector.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A VC with 203 sequences, 22.13 kDa weight, isoelectric point of 9.85 (basic), instability index value of 27.62, aliphatic index of 68.87, and GRAVY value of -0.455 (hydrophilic) emerged. The VC is predicted to be non-allergenic with antigenicity, MHC I immunogenicity, and solubility upon overexpression values of 0.81, 2.04, and 0.86 respectively. The VC also has an estimated half-life greater than 10 hours in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and showed stability in all the parameters of MDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The VC shows good promise in the prevention of Lassa fever but further tests are required to validate its safety and efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6f/22/cevr-11-249.PMC9691867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep vein thrombosis and acute hepatitis after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth patient: a case report.","authors":"Roberto Napoli,&nbsp;Enrico Visonà","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring of side effects after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has become an important issue for health systems worldwide to ensure its safety. Recently cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune hepatitis have been described: the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still debated. We report on a patient who presented with DVT and acute hepatitis 8 days after receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine against COVID-19. The patient is a 56-year-old male who was already affected by a rare form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease linked to MME (membrane metalloendopeptidase) gene variation and associated with mild symptoms. His blood exams did not have any evidence of thrombocytopenia but D-dimer, troponin T, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were abnormal, suggesting the presence of a blood clot and acute hepatitis. The patient was treated with subcutaneous enoxaparin for 15 days and with rivaroxaban for the following 8 months: his symptoms improved and his exams showed recanalization of the veins and a healed liver. The pathogenesis of thrombosis and hepatitis after vaccination is still unclear, especially in subjects affected by rare comorbidities and this may affect the safety of vaccination in this type of population. We highlight the importance of careful monitoring of side effects after vaccination: clinical suspicion must rise when patients complain of symptoms that differ from their usual presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/01/cevr-11-294.PMC9691863.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among the university students in Bangladesh.","authors":"Nasir Ahmed Shuvo,&nbsp;Md Sanaul Haque Mondal","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the Bangladeshi university students' intention to take coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines by assessing the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>University students were queried on their intention to take COVID-19 vaccines. The sample used in this study (n=310) was obtained through an online survey among university students (age, 18-25 years old) from August 7 to September 18, 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although over 90% of respondents showed their willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, around 37.3% of respondents still desired to wait and see to take the vaccine. The most frequently cited reasons for vaccines hesitancy were concerns over side effects (62.4%). There is still an unmet need for adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines (81.4%). Results of the binary logistic regression model showed that students from private universities (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.97), respondents who concerned about the vaccine safety (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44) and side effects of vaccine (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.89) were less willing to take COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, desire to wait to take COVID-19 vaccines was associated with marital status (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 1.50-40.27); COVID-19 preventive behavior, including use of facemask (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70) and maintain social distance (OR,1.75; 95% CI, 1.00-3.07); COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.99); provide more information on vaccines (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.06-5.09); the perceived side effects (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.54-5.17); and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.16-5.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health managers should provide adequate information on COVID-19 vaccines to address the concerns about the safety and side effects of the vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/34/cevr-11-274.PMC9691862.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.","authors":"Rahmi Anggraeni,&nbsp;Ika Dewi Ana,&nbsp;Hevi Wihadmadyatami","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, mucosal infectious diseases are still a very high global health burden, but there are few effective vaccines to prevent mucosal-borne diseases. The development of mucosal vaccines requires the selection of appropriate antigens, delivery system strategies, and adjuvants to increase vaccine efficacy but limited studies have been conducted. The aim of this review is to describe the mucosal immune system, as well as the potential for the development of vaccines and mucosal adjuvants, and their challenges. The study was conducted by applying inclusion criteria for the articles, and a review was conducted by two readers with the agreement. It was known that mucosal vaccination is a potential route to be applied in future preventive efforts through vaccination. However, limited studies have been conducted so far and limited mucosal vaccination has been approved. New technological approaches such as material development involving nano- and micro-patterning are important to intensively open and investigate the potential area of development to provide better vaccination methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/7e/cevr-11-235.PMC9691869.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccines development in Africa: a review of current situation and existing challenges of vaccine production.","authors":"Olawale Adeyemi","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.302","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/3d/cevr-11-302.PMC9691864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10678642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livedo reticularis following administration of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222): a report of two cases.","authors":"Joong Ho Kim,&nbsp;Ji An Uh,&nbsp;Ho Sung Kim,&nbsp;Soo Kyung Lee,&nbsp;Myoung Shin Kim,&nbsp;Un Ha Lee","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cutaneous appearance of transient or persistent livedo reticularis is characterized by violaceous, mottled, ring-shaped interconnecting lesions that form a reticular or net-like pattern. It can occur physiologically in response to cold exposure, such as in cutis marmorata, but can also be induced by pathological conditions such as vascular obliterans or venodilation. We report two cases of livedo reticularis that occurred on the lower limbs of two patients post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. As the patients had no other likely causes of livedo reticularis, the reticular skin lesions were suspected to occur in association with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Livedo reticularis is an uncommon adverse reaction, with few cases being reported post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/1e/cevr-11-298.PMC9691861.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant proteins of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with the Omicron receptor-binding domain induce production of highly Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies.","authors":"Hyangju Kang,&nbsp;Daniel Kim,&nbsp;Kyungmin Min,&nbsp;Minhee Park,&nbsp;Seok-Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Eun-Ju Sohn,&nbsp;Bo-Hwa Choi,&nbsp;Inhwan Hwang","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various vaccines have been developed to fight severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 undermine the effort to fight SARS-CoV-2. Here, we produced S proteins harboring the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Omicron variant in plants. Plant-produced S proteins together with adjuvant CIA09A triggered strong immune responses in mice. Antibodies in serum inhibited interaction of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 with RBD of the Omicron variant, but not RBD of other variants. These results suggest that antibodies induced by RBD of the Omicron variant are highly specific for the Omicron RBD, but not for that of other variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/5d/cevr-11-285.PMC9691866.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the COVID-19 vaccination myths: intervention through collaboration.","authors":"Dalmacito A Cordero","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.304","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/4f/cevr-11-304.PMC9691870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute thyroiditis after receiving the vaccine for COVID-19: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Thanh Binh Vu,&nbsp;Dinh Toi Chu,&nbsp;Dinh Tuan Le,&nbsp;Thi Thuy Dieu Hoang,&nbsp;Philippe Gautret,&nbsp;Van Thuan Hoang","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 38-year-old female patient, with healthy history, was vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Astra Zeneca Cambridge, UK). Five days after the second injection, the patient presented headache, vertigo, then fatigue, nervousness, palpitations, shortness of breath, small amplitude tremors, and sweating episodes. Laboratory investigation revealed a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), with elevated free thyroxine. However, the TSH receptor antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody were normal and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin negative. The patient was maintained on Metoprolol, and no specific treatment was added. After 3 months of following, the patient now feels comfortable. Our literature review found that 21 cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were reported. Most patients were young women who presented neck pain and systemic symptoms, with or without fever. These symptoms can appear as early (3 to 5 days), or later (1 month) after vaccination, regardless of vaccine type and mechanism of action. Laboratory tests showed decreased levels of TSH and elevated thyroid hormone. The mechanism of this event remains unknown. Further study is recommended to investigate the possible predisposing factors to developing SAT after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/3d/cevr-11-226.PMC9200653.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}