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Are All Substance-Involved Sexual Assaults Alike? A Comparison of Victim Alcohol Use, Drug Use, and Combined Substance Use in Sexual Assaults. 所有涉及药物的性侵犯都是一样的吗?性侵犯中受害者酒精使用、药物使用和综合物质使用的比较
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1914284
Erin O'Callaghan, Sarah E Ullman
{"title":"Are All Substance-Involved Sexual Assaults Alike? A Comparison of Victim Alcohol Use, Drug Use, and Combined Substance Use in Sexual Assaults.","authors":"Erin O'Callaghan, Sarah E Ullman","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1914284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1914284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual assaults involving victim substance use at the time of the assault are common, but little is known about how different types of substances used at the time of the assault impact post-assault outcomes. The current study sought to compare victim alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance use in sexual assaults among a community sample of 693 victims. It was hypothesized that victims in the combined substance use assault type would report overall worse post-assault outcomes, more contextual and interpersonal traumas, and higher assault severity. Our results partially confirmed these hypotheses, but victims in the drug-involved assault type group overall reported higher assault severity and worse post-assault outcomes. These findings are probably partially attributed to the demographic characteristics of victims in the drug-only group (e.g. Black victims) who are more likely to experience a higher severity of violence. Implications for future research and policy regarding drug decriminalization are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11060709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinants of Poor Health among Workers in Criminal Justice, Community and Social Services, and Healthcare: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Workplace Trauma Exposure, and Gender Differences. 刑事司法、社区和社会服务以及医疗保健工作者健康状况不佳的决定因素:不良童年经历、工作场所创伤暴露和性别差异
IF 1.1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.2019653
Kelly E Knight, Colter Ellis, Joshua Neu, Tristan Miller, Amy K Talcott
{"title":"Determinants of Poor Health among Workers in Criminal Justice, Community and Social Services, and Healthcare: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Workplace Trauma Exposure, and Gender Differences.","authors":"Kelly E Knight, Colter Ellis, Joshua Neu, Tristan Miller, Amy K Talcott","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.2019653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08974454.2021.2019653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse childhood experiences and workplace trauma exposure are associated with poor health. However, their differential impacts by gender are difficult to assess in studies of organizations with gender imbalances (e.g., law enforcement officers are more likely men whereas social workers are more likely women). Using a community-based participatory research framework, this study examines trauma exposure, mental and physical health, and substance use in an occupationally diverse sample (<i>n</i> = 391). Trauma exposure was high and associated with poor health. Even though women experienced more adversity, they were often more resilient than men. Implications for trauma-informed workplaces are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43089368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Officer Gender and Use of Force Incidents in a Transit Police Department 交通警察部门警员性别与使用武力事件的探讨
4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2023.2271464
Natalie Schell-Busey, Carla Lewandowski, Kimberly Houser, Evan Sorg
{"title":"An Exploration of Officer Gender and Use of Force Incidents in a Transit Police Department","authors":"Natalie Schell-Busey, Carla Lewandowski, Kimberly Houser, Evan Sorg","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2023.2271464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2023.2271464","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe literature is unclear about whether male officers engage in more use of force incidents than female officers. One limitation of the research is that studies tend to focus on local police and have ignored other law enforcement. To address this, we explore potential gender differences among transit police officers using use of force data from 2009 to 2016. The results revealed a similar level of force used by male and female officers, but there appear to be some noteworthy differences by weapon type. While they were equally likely to use tasers, male officers were more likely to use batons and hand control and female officers were more likely to use firearms and OC spray. Additionally, we found some interesting differences in the predictors for taser use as compared to other weapons, particularly OC spray. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.Keywords: Gender use of forcetransit policetasers DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We used the same scale as Ready and White (Citation2011) to determine size of the police department, which was: small (<75 officers), medium (75–299 officers) and large (300+ officers).2 Since our data is limited to use of force incidents, officer presence and verbal direction are eliminated from our force factor values.3 Officer age and time on the force were highly and significantly correlated so we chose to use days on the force as a measure of experience seemed more important than the officer’s age.4 This limitation is true of most research examining gender differences given the lower representation of women in police agencies. However, the SEPTAPD sample had a lower percentage of female officer use of force incidents compared to other research.Additional informationFundingThe data collection for this study was supported by Rowan University seed funding.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safekeeping of Pregnant People Experiencing Incarceration. 对经历监禁的孕妇的保护。
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2104986
Zoe King, Anne D Lyerly, Andrea K Knittel
{"title":"Safekeeping of Pregnant People Experiencing Incarceration.","authors":"Zoe King, Anne D Lyerly, Andrea K Knittel","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2104986","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2104986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Safekeeping involves transferring individuals from jails to prisons without the presence of a conviction. In North Carolina, safekeeping is used for pregnant people with the aim of providing better prenatal care. We interviewed 14 stakeholders in the safekeeping process including sheriffs, clinicians, advocates, and lawyers. Three key themes emerged: jails' inability to provide care for pregnant individuals; safekeeping as an additional punishment to incarceration; and differing attitudes on the necessity of safekeeping. Participants perceived that while there may be some benefits of safekeeping such as enhanced prenatal care, safekeeping can also lead to worsened conditions for pregnant people experiencing incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"We don't wanna birth it here": A qualitative study of Southern jail personnel approaches to pregnancy. “我们不想在这里生”:南方监狱人员怀孕方式的定性研究
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2040693
Andrea K Knittel, Ella G Ferguson, Vidhya Balasubramanian, Jessica Carda-Auten, Elena DiRosa, David L Rosen
{"title":"\"<i>We don't wanna birth it here</i>\": A qualitative study of Southern jail personnel approaches to pregnancy.","authors":"Andrea K Knittel, Ella G Ferguson, Vidhya Balasubramanian, Jessica Carda-Auten, Elena DiRosa, David L Rosen","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2040693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2040693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each year, approximately 55,000 pregnant people are incarcerated in US jails. To learn about pregnancy and postpartum care in jails, we analyzed 34 qualitative interviews with jail personnel from facilities in five Southeastern US states. Themes included jail processes unique to pregnancy and burden on jails produced by liability and limited resources. Societal attitudes such as stigma, distrust of pregnant people, and a focus on fetal well-being were also important themes. Jail-community partnerships may mitigate the effects of scarce resources and improve jail perinatal care. Better community safety nets that decrease contact with jails are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychopathy and Reoffending Among Incarcerated Women 被监禁妇女的精神病和再犯
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2094525
M. Pinheiro, R. Gonçalves, Olga Cunha
{"title":"Psychopathy and Reoffending Among Incarcerated Women","authors":"M. Pinheiro, R. Gonçalves, Olga Cunha","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2094525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2022.2094525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several studies found that psychopathy is an important predictor of general reoffending/recidivism. However, these conclusions are often based on male samples. This study analyzes the association between psychopathic traits and the four facets of psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, antisocial) and general reoffending among incarcerated women. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was applied to a sample of 63 incarcerated women from Portugal who were retrospectively classified as committed repeated versus first-time offenses. Two separate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for age and criminal variables. PCL-R total scores did not postdict reoffending, but sentence length did. As for the four facets, only PCL-R antisocial facet postdicted reoffending. Sentence length was also negatively associated with reoffending. Despite the relationship between PCL-R antisocial facet and general reoffending, results raise some questions regarding the applicability of psychopathy construct in the prediction of reoffending among women.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48721451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
How to Start over: Coping Mechanisms during Individual Women Displacement by Organized Crime 如何重新开始:有组织犯罪导致妇女流离失所的应对机制
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2133558
Maria del Pilar Fuerte-Celis, Daniel Zizumbo-Colunga
{"title":"How to Start over: Coping Mechanisms during Individual Women Displacement by Organized Crime","authors":"Maria del Pilar Fuerte-Celis, Daniel Zizumbo-Colunga","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2133558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2022.2133558","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Every year, thousands of innocent victims—often women—leave their communities individually and in silence to escape the direct and indirect violence that criminal organizations exert. We explore and catalog the coping strategies these victims implement during what we call individual displacement. Then, we analyze in-depth interviews with women in Mexico—a country going through a severe insecurity crisis—to illustrate how individual, familial, social, and institutional coping occurs. We conclude by discussing how making visible individual displacement and understanding coping strategies can help governmental and non-governmental organizations develop interventions aimed at helping women going through this harrowing experience.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43106418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investing in Women’s Educational Outcomes: An Examination of Educational Enrollment and Terrorism in Africa 投资于妇女的教育成果:对非洲教育招生和恐怖主义的考察
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2110850
Orlandrew E. Danzell, Yao‐Yuan Yeh, Naaborle Sackeyfio
{"title":"Investing in Women’s Educational Outcomes: An Examination of Educational Enrollment and Terrorism in Africa","authors":"Orlandrew E. Danzell, Yao‐Yuan Yeh, Naaborle Sackeyfio","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2110850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2022.2110850","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research examines the nexus between educational opportunities and incidences of domestic terrorism. Focusing on 50 African countries over the period 1970–2018, this article provides several novel contributions to the discourse. First, the article finds that differences in educational enrollment between women and men is likely to exacerbate domestic terrorism. This outcome is especially dire for women than that anticipated by well-meaning policymakers. Second, this article juxtaposes recent narratives which posit that increasing educational opportunities presents favorable outcomes. Instead, our article illustrates that the positive derivatives from a more equitable female-to-male educational enrollment is conditional. In particular, in some African countries where there is inadequate or an absence of consistent structures such as socioeconomic and labor market opportunities post–educational attainment, the intended positive consequences of education is often unrealized. Saliently, the relationship between increases in women’s education and poor economic opportunities is likely to contribute to grievance-based domestic political violence.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Go and Look in the Mirror and Make a Change, Mum”: Motherhood and Identity Change in Women’s Desistance in New Zealand “妈妈，去照照镜子，做出改变”:新西兰妇女反抗中的母性和身份变化
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2074613
Grace Low
{"title":"“Go and Look in the Mirror and Make a Change, Mum”: Motherhood and Identity Change in Women’s Desistance in New Zealand","authors":"Grace Low","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2074613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2022.2074613","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is derived from the first New Zealand-based study to examine in detail the potential role of motherhood in women’s desistance. Narrative interviews were carried out with 13 mothers, predominantly Māori,1 with histories of incarceration. For one woman, becoming a mother for the first time was a clear turning point in her desistance. For most of the women, motherhood did not function as an initial turning point but was instrumental in facilitating desistance later in life. The article illuminates some of the socio-structural factors which can limit the potential for motherhood to positively influence the desistance process. It also examines the internal mechanisms by which motherhood inspired or cemented the women’s later desistance with a specific focus on the change-driving effects of critical self-reflection. Finally, this article suggests that, for mothers, the journey toward tertiary (relational) desistance requires their children to accept, or at least recognize, their changed identities.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Children of Mothers in Jail: Where Do They Go? How Do Mothers Perceive Their Placements? 狱中母亲的孩子：他们去哪里？母亲如何感知她们的位置？
IF 1 4区 社会学
Women & Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2060897
S. Rose, Thomas P. Lebel
{"title":"Children of Mothers in Jail: Where Do They Go? How Do Mothers Perceive Their Placements?","authors":"S. Rose, Thomas P. Lebel","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2022.2060897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2022.2060897","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The perceptions of 145 incarcerated mothers of minor children in a large Midwestern jail were examined to understand the correlation between where their children are living during their incarceration and the mothers’ feelings about these placements and relationships with their children. Mothers were most satisfied if children lived with maternal grandparents, and least satisfied if children were in foster care. Women with higher scores for the relationship with close relatives, those having contact with their child(ren) while incarcerated, and mothers with no children in foster care reported feeling better about these placements. The findings highlight the importance of women maintaining contact with their children and their children’s caretakers while incarcerated.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43035610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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