Journal of medical extended reality最新文献

{"title":"Reporting on the Acceptance and Usability of a Virtual Reality Visual Rehabilitation Program in Pediatric Patients With Homonymous Hemianopia.","authors":"Danielle Tchao, Eduardo Garcia-Giler, Kyle Cheung, Bill Zhang, Inci Yaman Bajin, Mariana Misawa, Monica Daibert-Nido, Eric Bouffet, Michael Reber, Lora Appel","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Visual field defects are common in patients with brain tumors. In children, early vision loss can lead to delayed development of motor, language, and social skills, limiting their independence and increasing the risk of depression or anxiety later in life. There is emerging evidence that audio-visual stimulation in the blind field is an effective rehabilitation technique for treating visual field loss. The purpose of this article is to report on feedback from participants in a pilot study that explored virtual reality (VR) as a home-based visual rehabilitation tool for treating hemianopia patients.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Ten pediatric patients with homonymous hemianopia (ages 10-17 years) were recruited for the study conducted through Toronto Western Hospital. Participants followed an audio-visual stimulation protocol from home over 4-6 weeks, training their visual perception through an head-mounted display Meta Quest 2 VR headset for 15 min, every other day. Participants completed visual assessments at baseline, postintervention, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups. A semi-structured interview was conducted postintervention to collect feedback on the participant's experience with the device and the training protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article reports on the data collected through the exit interviews. All participants were able to complete the visual training protocol, and reported few technical difficulties using the system as well as few symptoms of cybersickness. Half of the participants perceived an improvement in their visual perception after completing the intervention. Participants were generally self-motivated to adhere to the therapy, but a common complaint was that the training became repetitive and they lost interest as the weeks progressed. Personalization or gamification of the intervention was recommended by participants for improving engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Surgical Vision: Augmented Reality in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.","authors":"Marina Aweeda, Feyisayo Adegboye, Shiayin F Yang, Michael C Topf","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Augmented reality (AR) technology has become widely established in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Over the past 20 years, numerous AR systems have been investigated and validated across the subspecialties, both in cadaveric and in live surgical studies. AR displays projected through head-mounted devices, microscopes, and endoscopes, most commonly, have demonstrated utility in preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and improvement of surgical decision-making. Specifically, they have demonstrated feasibility in guiding tumor margin resections, identifying critical structures intraoperatively, and displaying patient-specific virtual models derived from preoperative imaging, with millimetric accuracy. This review summarizes both established and emerging AR technologies, detailing how their systems work, what features they offer, and their clinical impact across otolaryngology subspecialties. As AR technology continues to advance, its integration holds promise for enhancing surgical precision, simulation training, and ultimately, improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Virtual Reality Game on Children's Fear and Anxiety During Dental Procedures (VR-TOOTH): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Wenjia Wu, Marie-Eve Asselin, Nicole Hung, Pascale Ouimet, Olivier Fortin, Christine Genest, Maxime Francoeur, Estelle Guingo, Kate St-Arneault, Annie Sylfra, An Kateri Vu, Janick Carmel, Laurence Lessard, Stephany Cara-Slavich, Kathryn DeKoven, Julie Paquette, Hunter Hoffman, Sylvie Le May","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a condition affecting approximately a quarter of children and adolescents and can cause a lack of cooperation during dental visits. Virtual reality (VR) use during dental care is a potential nonpharmacologic adjunct to better manage DFA in children with special health care needs (SHCN) undergoing dental procedures. This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of VR in pediatric patients with SHCN undergoing dental procedures, as well as their parents and health care providers (HCPs), and evaluate the effect of VR on children's DFA during appointments. This pilot randomized controlled trial conducted at CHU-Ste Justine in Montreal followed a parallel design where participants were randomized into two groups: control (wall-mounted TV) and experimental (VR). The primary outcomes were recruitment rates and completion rates of procedures. DFA was assessed using the Venham Anxiety and Behavior Rating Scales (VABRS) and physiological biomarkers. Descriptive and nonparametric mean comparison tests were used for analyses of demographics, clinical variables, satisfaction, and VABRS. Of the 36 patients approached for recruitment, 25 (69.4%) accepted to participate (13 randomized to the VR group and 12 to the control group). The mean age of participants was 10.2 (±2.8) years and 64% were males. Overall, 77% (10/13) of participants in the VR group tolerated the headset during the procedure. Parental and HCP satisfaction was high: all HCPs indicated they would use VR again; all parents rated the VR intervention with a score of 8/10 or higher. There was no significant difference between groups on VABRS and physiological biomarkers (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This pilot study showed that VR was a feasible and acceptable tool for SHCN children during dental treatments. Parents and HCPs were highly satisfied. However, future studies are needed to verify the impact of VR on children's fear and anxiety during dental procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Reality for Neuraxial Procedures: A Scoping Review.","authors":"James S Cho, Devaunsh M Thaker, Rohan Jotwani, David Hao","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extended reality (XR) technology, encompassing augmented reality, mixed reality, and virtual reality, has the potential to enhance the teaching and performance of neuraxial procedures. The diverse applications of XR include immersive simulations and novel modes of procedural navigation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aims to explore the varied applications of XR for neuraxial procedures while suggesting directions for future research.</p><p><strong>Evidence review: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar until December 2023. Additional sources were identified via citation searching of relevant articles. The findings are reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 42 studies, including three pending clinical trials were included. Most included studies were published after 2015. XR technology was applied in diverse ways for simulation (<i>n</i> = 24), navigation (<i>n</i> = 17), and teleconsultation (<i>n</i> = 1), but only five of the completed studies described use in direct patient care. For the display of visuals, computer screens were most commonly used, followed by head-mounted devices, laser projectors, and semi-transparent mirrors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interest in using XR technology for neuraxial procedures is growing. Preliminary work shows promise for this technology in both education and clinical practice, but achieving accurate image registration without disrupting existing workflows remains an ongoing barrier to clinical testing. Additional research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness and reliability of this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Multidisciplinary Team Meetings Are Enhanced by Collaboration in the Metaverse.","authors":"Rojan Ghaderi, Thomas Edwards, Justin Cobb, Kartik Logishetty","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDT-Ms) are utilized as a tool for clinical decision-making. Currently, these are in-person or remotely attended via screen-sharing of patients' electronic health records, including clinical findings, numerical data, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is an emerging technology that allows multiple care-providers to remotely interact with each other and with patient data in a metaverse-an immersive and collaborative digital environment. An MDT-M held in the metaverse could enhance surgical decision-making. To develop an IVR metaverse for MDT-M and to test its feasibility and efficacy to visualize data and make clinical decisions in the orthopedic trauma setting. Interviews of users attending existing orthopedic trauma MDT-Ms at a regional major trauma center identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for a novel metaverse platform. This was iteratively tested for feature development, and 24 simulated cases were curated from previous admissions. Pilot MDT-Ms were conducted, and user experience was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and System Usability Scale. An IVR metaverse platform was developed to conduct MDT-Ms with multiple remote participants. Four MDT-Ms were successfully conducted with health care professionals (<i>n</i> = 13). Participants found that \"data visualization\" and \"clinical decision-making\" were effective in IVR: median 5 (interquartile range [IQR], 4-5) and 5 (IQR, 4-5), respectively. Ratings on \"ease of communication\" in the metaverse varied with a median of 3 (IQR, 2-4.5). Qualitative analysis highlighted the strength of IVR to interrogate 3D anatomy and injury patterns collaboratively and quickly. The NASA-TLX domain \"task performance\" was rated consistently highly, indicating the ability to use presented data to advance patient management. Health care professionals can feasibly conduct complex MDT-Ms using a novel metaverse platform on commercially available IVR headsets. Participants were able to collaboratively interrogate clinical data, facilitating enhanced discussion, decision-making, and perceived task performance. Future iterations will focus on improving the designation of roles to improve communication in the metaverse meeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) for Home-Based Pain Management, an Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Megan Rumzie, Carla Figura","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain is prevalent in the Veteran population at a disproportionate rate. Given the concerns for traditional pharmacologic management of pain, many are turning to nonpharmacologic alternatives for the treatment of pain. Virtual reality (VR) is an evidence-based tool, which has been demonstrated to reduce pain in hospitalized patients, and has been used for this purpose within the VA Sierra Nevada Healthcare System (VASNHCS) since 2019. Given the ongoing demonstrated benefit in this setting, these authors set to assess benefit for pain when used in an outpatient setting (demonstrations in the clinic, treatments in the patient's home) and demonstrate safety when used outside of a supervised setting. In this analysis, pain intensity decreased by an average of 22% when comparing pre- and postimmersion pain scores, and by 12.7% when comparing baseline pain scores with the end of the analysis. Patients also reported that the use of VR reduced their stress, decreased pain, and improved their mood, and some participants were able to reduce use of their as-needed pain medications with the use of VR. These findings are limited by a small sample size; however, this study provides encouraging evidence of benefit and a framework for future, larger scale analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Predictors of Clinical Effectiveness, Therapeutic Program Engagement, and Device Usability for an In-Home Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Todd Maddox, Liesl Oldstone, Josh Sackman, Emily Judge, Roselani Maddox, Takisha Adair, Kelsey Ffrench, Charisse Y Sparks, Beth D Darnall","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health care inequities are well-established in chronic pain care. Immersive digital therapeutics may transcend such barriers by offering in-home access with no Wi-Fi connectivity required, and easy to use, gaze-based navigation, and therapeutic delivery. The objective of this report is to determine whether clinical effectiveness, therapeutic program engagement, and virtual reality (VR) device usability of an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized, proprietary skills-based VR program for chronic pain (i.e., RelieVRx^®) are affected by key sociodemographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status [SES]) often associated with reduced patient engagement and clinical effectiveness. We report a secondary analysis of a large (<i>n</i> = 1,093) randomized controlled trial that compared skills-based VR with active sham VR. The sample was demographically diverse with self-reported nonmalignant chronic low back pain ≥3 months duration with average pain intensity and pain interference ≥4/10. Data were collected from January 31, 2022, to October 31, 2022. The clinical effectiveness, therapeutic program engagement, and VR device usability of skills-based VR were generally unaffected by age (<65 vs. 65+ years), gender (male vs. female), race/ethnicity (White vs. Black vs. other), and SES (education and income), with a few exceptions (age difference for therapeutic program engagement; race/ethnicity difference for device usability). National calls for improved access to nonpharmacological pain care are addressed with this skills-based VR program, which is self-administered in-home, requires no Wi-Fi connectivity, uses gaze-based navigation, and requires on average 6 min/day. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05263037.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Patient Education Using Augmented Reality for Spine Fractures: Feasibility Study and Review of Literature.","authors":"David J Mazur-Hart, Jamila A Godil, Brandi W Pang, Adeline Fecker, Dominic A Siler, Samantha Yau, James T Obayashi, Jesse Courtier, Won Hyung A Ryu","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this prospective feasibility study was to investigate the use of an augmented reality (AR) 3-dimensional (3D) spine fracture model, in an acute inpatient setting on patient education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients (18-89 years) with traumatic spine fractures were included (June 2021-July 2022). Standard spine computed tomography imaging obtained during trauma evaluation was used to create 3D spine models through an open-source application and converted to an AR software application. A 3D-spine model was presented to patients by a resident while discussing spinal anatomy, injury, treatment options, and possible complications. Post consultation, patients completed Likert-scale surveys related to the consultation discussion, with scores subsequently tabulated. Additionally, a review of the literature was performed using the search terms [(virtual reality) AND (patient education)] and [(augmented reality) AND (patient education)] up to May 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients (50% female), mean age of 57 years (range, 28-85 years), were included. Injuries comprised four cervical, three thoracic, and one lumbar fracture. Treatment(s) included four operative interventions, three braces, and one observation. Median patient Likert-scale score was 36 (range, 33.75-36; maximum = 36). Highest patient scores were for how helpful the 3D spine model was for learning about specific spine anatomy, injury, treatment plan, and possible complications. Seven articles were identified that investigated patient education using 3D mediums. All studies were in the outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AR-based simulation has the potential to improve patient understanding of spinal anatomy, injury, treatment plan, and potential complications over a wide range of traumatic spinal fractures and management plans in the inpatient setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding, Experience, and Attitudes Toward Extended Reality Technology: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Jonathan R Abbas, Oliver G Townley, Azita Rajai, Antony Payton, Brendan A McGrath, Neil Tolley, Iain A Bruce, Rachel Isba","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jmxr.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended reality technology (XRT) is predicted to play an important role in the future of health care. Although the hardware ecosystem is evolving rapidly, potential barriers to adoption include cost, physical space to use the hardware, side effects, and low understanding of the technology. This article aimed to explore these barriers by assessing the understanding, attitudes, and experience of junior doctors. In this multi-method, cross-sectional study, we administered a bespoke data capture tool to junior doctors in the North West of England. This focused on three domains: understanding, experience, and attitudes toward XRT in health care. Understanding was assessed by an objective knowledge test in a multiple-choice question format and specific self-assessed knowledge questions in a Likert-style questionnaire. Experience and attitudes toward XRT were measured using self-assessed experience questions and self-assessed attitude questions within the same Likert-style questionnaire. A total of 199/224 (89%) doctors who were approached participated in this study. The mean objective knowledge test score was 4.3/10 (range: 0.0-8.0; standard deviation = 1.7) and the median self-assessed knowledge questions score was 3.0/6.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0-4.0). The median self-assessed experience questions score was 2.2/6.0 (IQR: 1.5-3.5). In terms of attitude toward this technology, 185/199 (93.0%) of participants were interested in using this technology in medical education and similarly, 187/199 (94.0%) believed that it may be effective in medical training. This study demonstrated a low understanding of, and experience with, XRT in a population of junior doctors. Despite this, there was considerable interest in the potential value of this technology in health care, particularly within education. If XRT is to be widely adopted across the National Health Services, work is required to raise awareness of the technology, capabilities, and associated limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability and Satisfaction of Augmented Reality During Pediatric Anesthesia Induction: A Pilot Study","authors":"Christopher T. Lin, A. Lane, Erin T Annick, Margaret Klein, Jennifer Lau, Abhishek Karnwal, Maria Fritock, Jeffrey I. Gold","doi":"10.1089/jmxr.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jmxr.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical extended reality","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}