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The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241265562
{"title":"Editorial Note","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09719458241265562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241265562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Swearing Oaths and Affixing Seals: Acts of Citizenship and Belonging Among Jews in the Medieval Holy Roman Empire 宣誓和盖章：中世纪神圣罗马帝国犹太人的公民身份和归属行为
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241261217
Andreas Lehnertz
{"title":"Swearing Oaths and Affixing Seals: Acts of Citizenship and Belonging Among Jews in the Medieval Holy Roman Empire","authors":"Andreas Lehnertz","doi":"10.1177/09719458241261217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241261217","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates ‘acts of citizenship’ and forms of belonging among Jews within the medieval Holy Roman Empire. Positing that citizenship was not just a matter of official status, it looks at ‘acts of citizenship’, such as oath-taking and sealing practices, showing how these were integral elements in the relationship between an individual and the town in which they lived. I argue that both oath-taking and sealing practices, with their performative elements, are therefore valuable indicators of Jewish belonging in urban settings. Through this investigation, a deeper understanding of the multifaceted and ever-changing roles that Jews had and were able to obtain in the medieval Holy Roman Empire can be gained and, ultimately, also applied to other social groups.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Introduction of Writing into Achaemenid Gandha-ra and the Origin of Pa-n.ini’s Grammar 阿契美尼德-甘达拉引入文字和帕尼语法的起源
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241226574
Vincenzo Vergiani
{"title":"The Introduction of Writing into Achaemenid Gandha-ra and the Origin of Pa-n.ini’s Grammar","authors":"Vincenzo Vergiani","doi":"10.1177/09719458241226574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241226574","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I argue that the composition of Pāµini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī (fourth century bce), a sophisticated derivational grammar of Sanskrit, was made possible by the introduction of writing into ancient India in the wake of the Achaemenids’ conquest of Gandhāra in the late sixth century bce. Various theoretical and terminological features of Pāµini’s grammar can be adduced as evidence that it was produced in a literate environment. Here I present and discuss some of the arguments against Pāµini’s literacy, pointing out their weaknesses, in particular their underestimation of the radical novelty of Pāµini’s work, which marked an epochal shift towards the secularisation of knowledge, and reliance on the myth of the powerful orality.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Granite Landforms and Water Storage at Great Zimbabwe 大津巴布韦的花岗岩地貌和蓄水量
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241258551
I. Pikirayi
{"title":"Granite Landforms and Water Storage at Great Zimbabwe","authors":"I. Pikirayi","doi":"10.1177/09719458241258551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241258551","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research at Great Zimbabwe (1100–1750 ad) interpreted the earthen scars or depressions located within the monumental complexes and referred to in the archaeological record as dhaka pits, as water storage facilities. Beyond these pits, I examine the broader landscape context of Great Zimbabwe to understand the site’s catchment area, which, though limited in extent, comprises a hilly terrain that allows for rapid run-off. This necessitated the harvesting and storage of water for consumption at Great Zimbabwe. The associated granite geology is part of the crystalline rocks characterising much of the Zimbabwe craton, and such geological contexts served as aquifers that also stored water that the ancient residents used. Geological research during the past two or so decades on the potential of composite or weathered-fractured rock aquifers developing within the weathered overburden calls for a deeper understanding of granite hydrogeologic properties in the context of water conservation. In this article, I demonstrate that this knowledge was already known by residents of Great Zimbabwe more than five centuries ago.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"21 S9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Persian Astronomy in China 中国的波斯天文学
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241247636
Bill M. Mak
{"title":"Persian Astronomy in China","authors":"Bill M. Mak","doi":"10.1177/09719458241247636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241247636","url":null,"abstract":"During the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce), a significant number of Persian nobles sought safety in China following the downfall of the Sasanian Empire in 651 ce. These Persians possessed a distinct cultural identity, which was highly esteemed by certain Chinese elites. In contrast to Indians who migrated to China during and before this period, with their influence primarily mediated through Buddhism, Persians played prominent roles in secular fields such as astronomy, medicine and commerce. This article explores the history of Persian astronomers in China, placing their presence within the broader context of knowledge exchange across Eurasia, with a focus on their lives, works and interactions with the Chinese. Although their impact on Chinese astronomy and culture may have been limited, their tradition later served as a precursor to the astral science of Perso-Islamic astronomers in China from the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 ce) onwards. This is exemplified by a variety of Sino-Persian astral works such as the astronomical text Futian li 符天曆, the horoscopic treatise Yusi jing 聿斯經, the Ming astral anthology Mingyi tianwenshu 明譯天文書 and the Sino-Islamic Canon Huihui li 回回曆.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Choresmia to Cathay: A New Look at al-Bayrønð’s Chronology 从 Choresmia 到 Cathay：对 al-Bayrønð 年表的新认识
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241248580
Franc¸ois de Blois
{"title":"From Choresmia to Cathay: A New Look at al-Bayrønð’s Chronology","authors":"Franc¸ois de Blois","doi":"10.1177/09719458241248580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241248580","url":null,"abstract":"al-Bayrūnī’s Chronology of Ancient Nations is a famous work on calendars and historical chronology, written in the year 1000 of the Christian era. The present paper is the first investigation of the complicated textual history of the Chronology and an attempt to construct a stemma codicum. The investigation leads to some unexpected discoveries, among them the only known complete list of the twelve names of the animal cycle in the language of the Kitan (Liao) people.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"112 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Bookish’ Borrowings and Novelty in a Chinese-Christian Manuscript from Dunhuang 敦煌中国基督教手抄本中的 "借书 "与新意
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/09719458241240669
Daniel J. Sheridan
{"title":"‘Bookish’ Borrowings and Novelty in a Chinese-Christian Manuscript from Dunhuang","authors":"Daniel J. Sheridan","doi":"10.1177/09719458241240669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458241240669","url":null,"abstract":"The trade routes of late antique and early medieval Eurasia conducted far more than goods. Exchanges occurred between a number of prominent book cultures with origins or, at least, ties to the Indian, Iranian and Chinese worlds. A Christian scroll (Pelliot chinois 3847) discovered in the famed Library Cave near Dunhuang is the product of such interactions in both its materiality and its written content. This Chinese manuscript of East Syriac Christians bears three texts, at least some of which were composed during the late eighth century of the Tang period (618–907). This article focuses on three terms used in the postscript of P.3847. Although a relatively well-known Dunhuang manuscript, the ‘bookish’ terminology of the postscript deserves consideration in its own right; this includes the only known occurrence of the Chinese term bei pijia 貝皮夾. From this study, insight is gained into both the semantic depth of these Chinese terms and the Christian appropriation of them.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"15 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Rabbi Frain’s Be-longings, Spain 1492–93: Things and Theory, History and Fabulation 拉比-弗莱恩的长篇小说，西班牙，1492-93 年：事物与理论、历史与虚构
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/09719458231201763
Jean Morris
{"title":"The Rabbi Frain’s Be-longings, Spain 1492–93: Things and Theory, History and Fabulation","authors":"Jean Morris","doi":"10.1177/09719458231201763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458231201763","url":null,"abstract":"On the 31st of March 1492, the Catholic monarchs Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Aragon and Castile issued the Edict of Expulsion. The Edict ordered that Spain’s Jews depart from Spanish lands. Before his enforced migration to Portugal, Rabbi Frain of Burgos left a small collection of items with his friend Doña Isabel Osorio. In May 1493 a further royal decree ordered that all Jewish goods which were in the possession of Spanish citizens should be handed over to the Crown in order to fund Christopher Columbus’ second journey to the Americas. Rabbi Frain’s belongings were thus sequestered and sold. This article contemplates the Rabbi Frain’s belongings through a theoretical lens, specifically, the work of Jane Bennett and Graham Harman, asking whether history can be told from the perspective of things and objects. The article ends with fabulation, reimagining the trauma of departure, when the borders between things and humans disappear.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Sword of Roland in La Serenissima: Materiality and the Occult in Late Medieval Venice Serenissima 中的罗兰之剑》：中世纪晚期威尼斯的物质性与神秘性
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/09719458231202663
Michael A. Ryan
{"title":"The Sword of Roland in La Serenissima: Materiality and the Occult in Late Medieval Venice","authors":"Michael A. Ryan","doi":"10.1177/09719458231202663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458231202663","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many recipes contained within a fifteenth-century book of secrets housed in Venice’s Biblioteca Marciana, there is a singularly unique one that offers to create the ‘Sword of Roland the Paladin’. The recipe, supposedly learned from a necromancer from Bologna, would create a solution from a mélange of herbs and alchemical salts and would purportedly invest the blade with occult powers. This recipe for creating the ‘Sword of Roland’ promises the potential of an object, rather than an actual physical thing. Nonetheless, this specific recipe offers an exceptional lens through which to investigate the intersection of material objects and magic in the late medieval Mediterranean Basin. It does so in four ways: in the physical space of the Biblioteca Marciana, in the physical codex in which the recipe is found, in the actual objects required to make the solution and in the very urban space of Venice itself.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Housing Scent, Containing Sensorium 容纳气味，包含感官
The Medieval History Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/09719458231206886
Elina Gertsman
{"title":"Housing Scent, Containing Sensorium","authors":"Elina Gertsman","doi":"10.1177/09719458231206886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09719458231206886","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on two medieval besamim containers in order to tease out their multisensory potential that appealed to the viewer’s mind and body simultaneously. Intricate and complex in design, the containers evoked a broad range of visually charged associations. The tower form was used in a variety of medieval Jewish ritual objects, appearing in wedding rings, Hanukkah lamps, Torah arks and scroll stave finials. Figured as miniature inhabitable spaces, liminal and ambiguous, they gesture to a vast landscape of real and imagined sites: sites of (be)longing and sites of the encounter with the divine. The besamim boxes in particular became the loci of theological, mnemonic and sensual associations that evoked the city of Jerusalem, terrestrial and celestial, expectantly attainable and eschatologically fraught. Delving into a range of sources—from medieval Jewish exegetical and poetic discussions of the messianic age to the Kabbalistic interpretation of the relationship between the soul and the smell—this article explores some of the ways these objects elicited cognitive, affective and physiological engagement with their users.","PeriodicalId":517409,"journal":{"name":"The Medieval History Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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