Trends in Organized Crime最新文献_第3页

Evading Law Enforcement in the Americas: Latin American women in organized crime 在美洲逃避执法：拉丁美洲妇女参与有组织犯罪

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09523-z

{"title":"Evading Law Enforcement in the Americas: Latin American women in organized crime","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09523-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09523-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This article presents the preliminary results of a qualitative exploratory study conducted between 2021 and 2023. This study was based on in-depth interviews with law enforcement agents and experts in gender and security, and document analysis. Using examples from Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, we aimed to analyze how stereotypes can shape gender bias, particularly regarding how women in middle and high-ranking positions in organized crime in the Americas outmaneuver law enforcement. We argue that women stereotypes, and gender bias may influence the capability of law enforcement agencies to prosecute and condemn Latin American women in middle and high-ranking positions in criminal organizations. Gender bias favors women, particularly in their perpetrators’ role, and has become a source of power, showing that Latin American women have agency, and act strategically within criminal organizations, since they are potentially less suspicious in the eyes of law enforcement agencies. This research contributes to shedding light on the currently existing blind spot on the role of Latin American women in organized crime in the Americas, and has policy implications. It is useful in fostering the implementation of state policies capable of including non-stereotypical women's role in organized crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking organized crime in Africa 反思非洲的有组织犯罪

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09519-9

Gernot Klantschnig, Philippe M. Frowd, Elodie Apard, Tarela Ike, Georgios A. Antonopoulos

{"title":"Rethinking organized crime in Africa","authors":"Gernot Klantschnig, Philippe M. Frowd, Elodie Apard, Tarela Ike, Georgios A. Antonopoulos","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09519-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09519-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Much of the existing research on organized crime in Africa has emphasised its development and proliferation from state and security perspectives. Such research often relies upon inflated facts for captivating public attention, is fuelled by sensationalist media reports and draws from conceptualisations that give an incomplete picture of the significance of illicit activities, both for the state and their role in enabling and sustaining people’s livelihoods. In contrast, this special issue proposes that more empirical research and analysis is needed to reveal the disjunctures between state and on-the-ground perceptions. Greater attention to a bottom-up vision of illicit activities can demonstrate how defining and understanding these practices through such binary terms as legal/illegal does not necessarily indicate how those engaged in them perceive them. Through bringing together a range of contributions from different disciplinary, theoretical and empirical perspectives, this special issue explores the space between official, policy-driven narratives of crime and the realities of the everyday nature of these practices, in a bid to rethink and challenge the ‘organized crime’ lens through which these activities are increasingly framed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Countering the illicit trading of cultural goods: Recent trends, emerging issues, and LEA responses in Turkey 打击文化产品的非法贸易:最近的趋势，新出现的问题，以及在土耳其LEA的反应

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09510-4

Engin Erken, Umut Turksen

{"title":"Countering the illicit trading of cultural goods: Recent trends, emerging issues, and LEA responses in Turkey","authors":"Engin Erken, Umut Turksen","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09510-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09510-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The illicit trading of cultural goods (ITCG) has increasingly drawn the attention of international community in the last two decades. The vehement interconnections between the ITCG and other notorious global threats, such as organised crime (OC), money laundering (ML), and the financing of terrorism (FT), are well documented. Turkey, as one of the prominent cradles of many civilizations with a rich cultural heritage, has been intensifying its efforts to address the problem. Nevertheless, our literature analysis indicates that based on the misconception that the ITCG has no immediate and identifiable victims when compared to that of arms trade or narcotics, both national and international responses to this end have been limited. Moreover, the lack of ratification of essential international legal instruments, such as the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects and the 2017 Nicosia Convention on Offences relating to Cultural Property, further limits cross-border collaboration and coordination in tackling the trading of cultural goods. Accordingly, by reviewing and incorporating relevant literature, this paper critically analyses how Turkey has established its pertinent national legal and institutional framework. Secondly, in light of statistical evidence, the article provides a critique of how relevant stakeholders and law enforcement agencies (LEAs), in particular, deal with this type of crime. By doing so, this paper highlights the obstacles they encounter and offers a number of novel solutions, which would not only eliminate the identified predicaments but also help create more effective policies that could enhance the operational aspects of countering the ITCG.</p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social network analysis of illicit organ trading networks: The Medicus case 非法器官交易网络的社会网络分析:梅迪库斯案

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09513-1

Joshua Nielsen, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Meng-Hao Li, Monica Gentili, Seán Columb, Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera, Naoru Koizumi

{"title":"Social network analysis of illicit organ trading networks: The Medicus case","authors":"Joshua Nielsen, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Meng-Hao Li, Monica Gentili, Seán Columb, Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera, Naoru Koizumi","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09513-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09513-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organ trafficking has been receiving more attention in recent years as its association with transnational crime organizations became evident. Most of the academic studies available on this topic are qualitative case studies, descriptively analyzing the nature of the crime and the agents involved. These studies often highlight the unique nature of organ trafficking, which is the involvement of medical service providers in the network. There have been, however, no effort made to examine the connections between medical service providers and other agents in the network in a quantitative fashion. This study presents unique quantitative data extracted from the “Medicus case”, a well-documented court case involving kidney trafficking that surfaced in Pristina, Kosovo, in 2008. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was employed to quantitatively analyze the structure and characteristics of the kidney trafficking network. The results reveal that there was a significant variation in the level of involvement in kidney trafficking both across and within different types of agents. Notably, medical staff, facilities, and brokers played vital roles in the kidney trafficking network. Moreover, kidney sellers held a more prominent role than kidney buyers, with certain sellers playing particularly influential roles. In sum, this study demonstrates the promise of SNA as a tool for understanding kidney trafficking networks, and that further research is warranted to fully explore its potential in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Traces of (dis)organised crime in sports gambling: a case study of the 2011 K-League match-fixing scandal 体育博彩中(非)有组织犯罪的痕迹:以2011年k联赛假球丑闻为例

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09518-w

Minhyeok Tak, Steven J. Jackson, Michael P. Sam

{"title":"Traces of (dis)organised crime in sports gambling: a case study of the 2011 K-League match-fixing scandal","authors":"Minhyeok Tak, Steven J. Jackson, Michael P. Sam","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09518-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09518-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gambling-related match-fixing is a form of corruption that has become a global issue particularly since the start of the new millennium. Research on match-fixing has often emphasised the involvement of mafia-like criminal groups in match-fixing arrangements. By incorporating an activity-centred view of organised crime, this paper examines how, and to what extent, organised crime is involved in betting-related match-fixing with particular focus on the 2011 Korean football scandal. Analysing data from 11 in-depth interviews with government, football and gambling officials and two convicted footballers, this paper traces the relative contributions of external criminal influences and internal vulnerabilities of the football league towards the occurrence of the K-League’s match-fixing cases. The results suggest that illegal betting operators’ exploitation of match-fixing to hedge risks demonstrates the influence of external criminal groups. However, risks were also observed within the football sector (e.g., financial and performance imbalances in the league, normalised betting and inside-trading amongst footballers, close social links with organised mobs, etc.) revealing that, at that time, K-football was not only susceptible to external criminal influences but facilitated the opportunistic structure for match-fixing. Overall, this study highlights that match-fixing is not solely instigated by organised crime groups, but can also be incubated within a sport whose culture, management and ethics are not ready to co-exist with gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organised Crime and the ecosystems of sexual exploitation in the United Kingdom: How supply and demand generate sexual exploitation and protection from prosecution 英国有组织犯罪和性剥削生态系统:供应和需求如何产生性剥削和免于起诉的保护

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09517-x

Matt Hopkins, Rachel Keighley, Teela Sanders

{"title":"Organised Crime and the ecosystems of sexual exploitation in the United Kingdom: How supply and demand generate sexual exploitation and protection from prosecution","authors":"Matt Hopkins, Rachel Keighley, Teela Sanders","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09517-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09517-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Thinking about organised crime as an ecosystem is not only novel but also offers much potential to add to the theoretical and policy-based literature in this area. While organised crime is often analysed as relationships between criminal groups and consumers of illicit goods/services, little work has analysed specific forms of organised crime activities as ecosystems where different constituent parts are dependent upon each other for the crime activity to occur. This paper analyses the organisation of sexual exploitation by entrepreneurial organised crime groups selling sex in the United Kingdom. Based upon 30 interviews with 23 law enforcement forces in England and Wales and five interviews with Adult Service Website Operators; it identifies how an ecosystem is built that ensures (a) profit generation and (b) avoidance of legal prosecution. Our analysis not only illustrates how a market ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ ecosystem is generated through mutually convenient ‘organiser’, ‘marketer’ and ‘buyer’ relationships, but also how the roles of these actors ensure sexual exploitation continues.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal infiltration in amateur football: the case of the Netherlands 业余足球的犯罪渗透:荷兰的案例

3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09515-z

Toine Spapens

{"title":"Criminal infiltration in amateur football: the case of the Netherlands","authors":"Toine Spapens","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09515-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09515-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the past five years involvement of criminals in socially beneficial activities and philanthropy has received increasing attention in the Netherlands. Amateur football clubs appear to be particularly vulnerable to criminal infiltration. This paper presents the results of three exploratory studies conducted to answer two main questions. First, to what extent does criminal infiltration in amateur football occur, who are involved and what are their motives? Second, how may criminal infiltration be better prevented, both by clubs and public institutions? Suspected criminals have been active in amateur football as official and covert sponsors, as clubs’ presidents and coaches, or have misused clubs’ facilities for illegal activities. Our studies showed that in 2020, 19% of Dutch amateur football clubs reported to have been confronted with indications of attempted criminal infiltration and in this year the authorities had 40 cases under investigation. Criminal involvement in amateur football can be explained primarily from the perspective of social embeddedness and the aim to improve one’s status and social acceptation within local communities. Although awareness of the problem has been growing, preventing, detecting and tackling criminal infiltration may still be improved.","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":"49 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The threat of ransomware in the food supply chain: a challenge for food defence 食品供应链中的勒索软件威胁:对食品防御的挑战

3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09516-y

Louise Manning, Aleksandra Kowalska

{"title":"The threat of ransomware in the food supply chain: a challenge for food defence","authors":"Louise Manning, Aleksandra Kowalska","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09516-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09516-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the food industry, the level of awareness of the need for food defence strategies has accelerated in recent years, in particular, mitigating the threat of ransomware. During the Covid-19 pandemic there were a number of high-profile organised food defence attacks on the food industry using ransomware, leading to imperative questions over the extent of the sector’s vulnerability to cyber-attack. This paper explores food defence through the lens of contemporary ransomware attacks in order to frame the need for an effective ransomware defence strategy at organisational and industry level. Food defence strategies have historically focused on extortion and sabotage as threats, but often in terms of physical rather than cyber-related attacks. The globalisation, digitalisation and integration of food supply chains can increase the level of vulnerability to ransomware. Ransomware is an example of an organised food defence threat that can operationalise both extortion and sabotage, but the perpetrators are remote, non-visible and often anonymous. Organisations need to adopt an effective food defence strategy that reduces the risk of a ransomware attack and can enable targeted and swift action in the event an incident occurs. Further collaboration between government and the private sector is needed for the development of effective governance structures addressing the risk of ransomware attacks. The novelty of this article lies in analysing the issue of ransomware attacks from the perspective of the food sector and food defence strategy. This study is of potential interest to academics, policy makers and those working in the industry.","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":" 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Afterword: The political economy of countering transnational organized crime in Africa 后记:打击非洲跨国有组织犯罪的政治经济学

3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09512-2

Jörg Wiegratz, Eva Magdalena Stambøl

引用次数: 0

Corpses, diehards and clubs: Ultras and organized crime in Italy 尸体、死忠分子和俱乐部:意大利的极端分子和有组织犯罪

3区社会学

Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12117-023-09514-0

Vincenzo Scalia

{"title":"Corpses, diehards and clubs: Ultras and organized crime in Italy","authors":"Vincenzo Scalia","doi":"10.1007/s12117-023-09514-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09514-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work will be dealing with the relation between football and organized crime in Italy. It will attempt to critically analyse the relations between football and organized crime. Its focus will be on the relation between ultras, that is a relevant part of organized supporters, and organized crime. The paper devotes particular attention to a 2017 Report of the Italian Parliamentary Anti-Mafia Commission which deals with the relationship between football and mafia. The analysis of the Anti-mafia Committee Report will help the purpose of de-constructing the assumptions that, firstly, there exists an organic alliance between ultras and organized crime, and, secondly, that this connection provides the ground for an infiltration of football as a business “from below”. Deconstruction will work by analysing the most relevant cases outlined by the Report of the Committee and relating them with the main theories of organised crime. It will thus become evident that there is no such thing as an organic alliance between criminal organisations and the ultras. Moreover, it will be evident that there is not a uniform pattern, but, rather, a difference between various local situations, according to the context.","PeriodicalId":51733,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Organized Crime","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0