Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review最新文献_第3页

The Increasing Brick-and-Mortar Efficiency of Community Banks 社区银行实体效率的提高

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.18651/er/v107n2jacewitz

Stefan Jacewitz

{"title":"The Increasing Brick-and-Mortar Efficiency of Community Banks","authors":"Stefan Jacewitz","doi":"10.18651/er/v107n2jacewitz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18651/er/v107n2jacewitz","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last four decades, the number of community banks in the United States has steadily declined, from 15,000 in 1984 to less than 5,000 in 2021. Although community banks still account for more than 91 percent of all banks today, they hold a much smaller share of total industry assets: in particular, their asset share declined from 38 percent in 1984 to less than 12 percent in 2021. This decline has raised questions about the continued viability of the community bank business model. Community banks play an outsized role in originating loans to small businesses, so a continued decline in their numbers and asset holdings could constrain entrepreneurs’ access to credit—and, accordingly, constrain growth in the overall economy. Understanding the source of this decline is thus important for both regulators and policymakers. One possible explanation for the declining number of community banks is that larger banks have outpaced them in terms of efficiency. Community banks, which have less than $300 million in assets on average, may be less able to benefit from the economies of scale enjoyed by larger banks. In particular, community banks may be less able to afford or adapt to new technologies (such as mobile banking) that make banking more efficient. Moreover, a string of landmark regulatory changes— including the Riegle-Neal Act of 1994, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act","PeriodicalId":51713,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74198997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Monetary Policy and Intangible Investment 货币政策与无形投资

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.18651/er/v107n2howesvonendebecker

Cooper Howes, Alice von Ende-Becker

引用次数: 1

How Did Banks and Investors Respond to the 2020 Stress Test Results? 银行和投资者如何应对2020年压力测试结果?

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.18651/er/v107n1marsh

By W. Blake Marsh

{"title":"How Did Banks and Investors Respond to the 2020 Stress Test Results?","authors":"By W. Blake Marsh","doi":"10.18651/er/v107n1marsh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18651/er/v107n1marsh","url":null,"abstract":"W. Blake Marsh is a senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. This article is on the bank’s website at www.KansasCityFed.org The COVID-19 pandemic heightened investor, regulatory, and supervisory concerns about the U.S. banking system’s ability to survive a downturn. Both businesses and consumers pulled back on economic activity at the start of the health crisis, leading firm revenue to decline sharply amid fears of rapidly accelerating job losses, business closures, and lower household incomes. As a result, expectations that businesses and consumers would be unable to continue servicing their debt obligations increased. Investors and bank supervisors began bracing for significant losses at banks, which could threaten the stability of the broader financial system. Policymakers moved quickly to backstop financial markets while supervisors tried to ensure banks could withstand the anticipated loan losses. In June 2020, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System took steps to preserve capital at large banks by capping dividend payments to shareholders and prohibiting common stock repurchases outright for some time. In doing so, supervisors looked to prevent banks from repeating behaviors observed during the 2007–09 global financial crisis (GFC). During that crisis, banks continued to pay dividends to shareholders while suffering sizable losses. Ultimately, those losses left many banks teetering on the edge of failure, and a federal bailout was required to keep the system afloat.","PeriodicalId":51713,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72518191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Pressures and Prospects for the U.S. Cattle Industry 美国养牛业的长期压力和前景

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.18651/er/v107n1cowley

Cortney Cowley

引用次数: 1

How the Pandemic Influenced Trends in Domestic Migration across U.S. Urban Areas 大流行如何影响美国城市地区的国内移民趋势

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.18651/er/v106n4browntousey

Jason S. Brown, Colton Tousey

引用次数: 2

Prepaid Cards: An Inadequate Solution for Digital Payments Inclusion 预付卡:数字支付包容性的不充分解决方案

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.18651/er/v106n4toh

Ying Lei Toh

引用次数: 1

The Impact of Juvenile Conviction on Human Capital and Labor Market Outcomes 青少年犯罪对人力资本和劳动力市场结果的影响

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.20955/wp.2021.011

Limor Golan, Rong Hai, Hayley Wabiszewski

引用次数: 0

Stability and Equilibrium Selection in Learning Models: A Note of Caution 学习模型中的稳定性和均衡选择:注意事项

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.20955/r.103.477-88

YiLi Chien, In-Koo Cho, B. Ravikumar

引用次数: 0

How Did the 2018–19 U.S. Tariff Hikes Influence Household Spending? 2018-19年美国关税上调如何影响家庭支出?

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.18651/er/v106n4nievonendebeckeryang

Jun Nie, Alice von Ende-Becker, Shu-Kuei X. Yang

{"title":"How Did the 2018–19 U.S. Tariff Hikes Influence Household Spending?","authors":"Jun Nie, Alice von Ende-Becker, Shu-Kuei X. Yang","doi":"10.18651/er/v106n4nievonendebeckeryang","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18651/er/v106n4nievonendebeckeryang","url":null,"abstract":"5 Jun Nie is a senior economist, Shu-Kuei X. Yang is a data engineer, and Alice von Ende-Becker is a research associate at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. This article is on the bank’s website at www.KansasCityFed.org U.S. tariffs on imports from other countries rose significantly in 2018 and 2019, particularly on imports from China. The average tariff rate on imports from China increased by more than 15 percentage points from January 2018 to December 2019 and affected more than $350 billion of imported goods. Although higher tariffs may raise costs for both foreign and domestic firms, recent studies suggest most of the burden fell on U.S. businesses and consumers due to higher prices and fewer imports (Fajgelbaum and others 2020; Amiti, Redding, and Weinstein 2019, 2020). Tariffs do not affect all categories of goods evenly, nor do all households spend the same share of their income on tariff-affected goods. As a result, the ultimate effect of tariff increases on household spending may differ across households. However, measuring these effects is challenging, as it requires combining two distinct data sets that define goods categories differently. The Consumer Expenditure Survey administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides detailed data on hundreds of household spending categories, but these categories generally do not match the descriptions of goods in trade data from the U.S.","PeriodicalId":51713,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83287592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Happens When the Minimum Wage Rises? It Depends on Monetary Policy 当最低工资上涨时会发生什么?这取决于货币政策

IF 1.7 4区经济学

Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.18651/er/v106n3glovermustredelrio

Andrew Glover, José Mustre-del-Ŕıo

引用次数: 4