Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons最新文献

{"title":"Cementing stability: innovative polymethyl methacrylate-assisted salvage of mandibular reconstruction hardware.","authors":"Neha Agarwal, B M Rudagi, Lakshmi Shetty, Smriti Ticku, Bhushan R Bhagat","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.196","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hardware exposure after mandibular reconstruction poses significant management challenges. Incomplete removal of reconstruction plates and screws may compromise stability, particularly when osseointegration prevents screw retrieval. A patient who underwent mandibular resection for odontogenic keratocyst with non-vascularized fibular reconstruction developed exposure of the fixation plate. During revision surgery, exposed screws were removed, but several screws remained firmly integrated within the reconstructed bone and could not be retrieved. To prevent destabilization, the plate was retained with the remaining screws, while polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was adapted in the vacant screw sites to restore stability. Postoperative healing was uneventful, and the reconstruction plate remained stable. This report highlights the novel use of PMMA bone cement as a salvage method for plate stabilization in maxillofacial reconstruction, adapting a material widely established in orthopedic surgery for craniomaxil-lofacial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"196-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staged reconstruction of panfacial trauma involving a comminuted mandibular fracture: a case report.","authors":"Jea-Young Ahn, Jung-Un Kim, Ji-Cheul Bae, Su-Yi Sim, You Jin Lee, Na Rae Choi","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.200","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comminuted mandibular fractures (CMFs) associated with panfacial trauma are challenging because restoration of skeletal continuity does not necessarily re-establish functional occlusion or facial form. We report a staged multidisciplinary rehabilitation in a 34-year-old man who sustained severe craniofacial injuries in an industrial explosion, including a CMF, multiple midfacial fractures, and extensive anterior maxillary destruction. Initial treatment consisted of hemorrhage control, top-down open reduction and internal fixation, and simultaneous orbital floor reconstruction. Because severe mandibular comminution and fragment interference prevented safe restoration of the mandibular arch and occlusion, stable skeletal fixation was prioritized and the potential need for delayed correction was recognized intraoperatively. After osseous union, persistent mandibular arch discrepancy and malocclusion were reassessed, and definitive corrective surgery was planned using right sagittal split ramus osteotomy and anterior mandibular vertical osteotomy. Subsequent rehabilitation included rhinoplasty, anterior maxillary reconstruction with an autogenous mandibular body block bone graft, implant placement, and prosthetic treatment. The staged approach achieved clinically acceptable occlusion, satisfactory masticatory function, and improved facial symmetry. This case suggests that delayed corrective surgery after skeletal healing can provide a practical pathway when immediate occlusal restoration is unsafe during primary fixation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable platelet-rich fibrin based interventions for treatment of gingival black triangles: systematic review of clinical evidence.","authors":"Meghana Gangolu, Jaswitha Vintha, Ramanarayana Boyapati, Lakshmi Kanth Kolaparthy, Ravindranath Dhulipalla, Kishore Kumar Katuri","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.167","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gingival black triangles, resulting from loss of the interdental papilla (IDP), adversely affect esthetics, phonetics, and periodontal health, and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) a growth factor-rich platelet concentrate, has emerged as a promising minimally invasive regenerative approach for papilla reconstruction. This study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of i-PRF in the management of gingival black triangles and IDP deficiencies. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261321819). Electronic searches of studies including human studies were performed for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the JBI checklists for case reports and series. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pilot studies, case series, and case reports. Most studies reported improvements in papillary height, papilla presence index, and reduction in black triangle dimensions following i-PRF therapy. Clinical outcomes were generally comparable to hyaluronic acid injections and connective tissue graft procedures, with reduced invasiveness and postoperative discomfort. i-PRF appears to be a promising minimally invasive option for managing gingival black triangles; however, larger RCTs with longer follow-up are needed to confirm long-term effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"167-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepwise management of temporomandibular joint internal derangement: from conservative therapy to arthrocentesis with intra-articular hyaluronic acid and 12.5% dextrose.","authors":"Hamzah Sukma Anggoro, Didit Istadi, Pingky Krisna Arinda","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.208","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement frequently leads to orofacial pain, joint dysfunction, and limited mandibular movement. Conservative treatment is first, but arthrocentesis may help refractory cases. This case report describes one year of conservative therapy and arthrocentesis with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) and 12.5% dextrose. A 21-year-old woman had right-sided preauricular pain, joint clicking, and intermittent locking for one year. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings confirmed anterior disc displacement with reduction and intermittent locking with osteoarthritis of the right TMJ. After 8 months of physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, occlusal splint, and diet modification, maximum mouth opening improved from 13 to 36 mm, but symptoms persisted. Two arthrocentesis sessions with prolotherapy were performed: one with HA alone, followed by HA and 12.5% dextrose. At 4-month follow-up, function was restored, symptoms resolved, and joint clicking disappeared. Arthrocentesis with intra-articular HA and 12.5% dextrose relieved pain, improved mouth opening, and restored function in refractory TMJ internal derangement. This case highlights the value of a staged, minimally invasive strategy, though larger controlled studies are needed to validate its efficacy and to standardize treatment protocols. A stepwise approach, from conservative therapy to arthrocentesis with intra-articular HA and 12.5% dextrose, can effectively manage TMJ internal derangement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"208-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency management protocols for major complications after oral and maxillofacial surgery: emphasis on airway and bleeding control.","authors":"Sungyeop Lee, Sung-Yun Hwang, Kyu-Bum Kim, Suyi Sim, Jihye Ryu, Chiho Moon, Jae-Yeol Lee, Dae Seok Hwang, Yong-Deok Kim, Sang-Hun Shin, Uk-Kyu Kim","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.187","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Postoperative hemorrhage and airway obstruction remain major life-threatening complications following oral and maxillofacial surgery despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care. This study aimed to retrospectively characterize the clinical patterns, timing, and management of postoperative hemorrhagic and airway emergencies over a 15-year period and, based on these institutional data and a review of the literature, to propose a practical integrated framework for postoperative emergency management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent major oral and maxillofacial surgery at a university dental hospital between 2010 and 2025. Major bleeding events were defined as postoperative hemorrhage requiring reoperation or embolization, while major airway events included unplanned airway intervention or emergency tracheostomy. For airway analysis, patients undergoing malignant tumor resection were divided into an emergency tracheostomy group and an elective tracheostomy group. The Cameron scoring system was retrospectively applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty patients required intervention for postoperative bleeding, with 70% of events occurring after major surgery. Five of eight orthognathic surgery patients developed hemorrhage within 72 hours postoperatively and required surgical hemostasis. Most bleeding events occurred independently of coagulation disorders. Transarterial embolization was performed in 13 patients, although only one case was directly related to emergency postoperative hemorrhage. Tracheostomy was performed in 24 patients, including 13 following oral cancer surgery. Emergency tracheostomy was most frequently required in patients with malignant tumors or severe infections. Mean Cameron scores were comparable between the emergency and elective tracheostomy groups (6.00 and 6.17, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative hemorrhage and airway compromise remain significant complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Bleeding events were more closely associated with surgical extent than patient-related comorbidities. While the Cameron score may assist preoperative airway planning, postoperative clinical assessment remains essential. A structured approach incorporating bleeding control, airway protection, and selective use of embolization may improve patient safety and postoperative outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing number of non-risk oral cancer patients in Korea: obesity and oral cancer.","authors":"Kang-Min Ahn","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.165","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"165-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of keratinized mucosa dimensional changes after apically positioned flap surgery around dental implants.","authors":"Shidham Lee, Jehun Jo, Ho Lee, Yoon-Sic Han","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.179","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.4.179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate changes in keratinized mucosa width (KMW) following an apically positioned flap (APF) during implant placement and to identify factors associated with KMW gain (KMWG).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included patients who underwent APF during implant placement. KMW was measured at baseline (BKMW), immediately after surgery (T1), and at 6 months after surgery (T2). Clinicodemographic and surgical factors were recorded, and univariable and multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to identify factors associated with KMWG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 78 patients with 207 implants. The mean BKMW was 1.09±1.54 mm, the mean T1 was 4.59±2.29 mm, the mean T2 was 2.71±1.70 mm, and the mean KMWG was 1.62±1.46 mm. In univariable GEE analysis, hypertension, periodontal phenotype, BKMW, and the amount of flap displacement (AFD) were associated with KMWG (<i>P</i><0.05). In multivariable GEE analysis, hypertension (estimate=0.607, <i>P</i>=0.012), periodontal phenotype (estimate=0.603 for thick phenotype, <i>P</i>=0.014), and AFD (estimate=0.221, <i>P</i>=0.018) were positively associated with KMWG, whereas BKMW was negatively associated with KMWG (estimate=-0.349, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increase in peri-implant KMW was observed after APF performed during implant placement. Clinicodemographic and surgical factors were associated with KMWG, suggesting that preoperative assessment may improve the predictability of peri-implant soft tissue augmentation and support surgical planning. Clinically meaningful KMWG could be achieved even with relatively limited flap extension when APF was performed using a standardized surgical approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 4","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of a novel cotton-like β-tricalcium phosphate, poly-L-lactic acid, and polyglycolic acid bone graft material for jawbone defects following cystectomy.","authors":"Tomohiko Doigami, Yuhei Matsuda, Michitaka Somoto, Reon Morioka, Rie Sonoyama-Osako, Hiroto Tatsumi, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Takahiro Kanno","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.128","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Jawbone defects following cystectomy for cysts of the jaw may cause postoperative complications such as pathological fractures and secondary infections. Therefore, different bone-grafting procedures have been developed. Novel cotton-like bone graft material composed of β-tricalcium phosphate, poly-L-lactic acid, and polyglycolic acid (β-TCP/PLLA/PGA) has handling properties, three-dimensional shapeability, and bone forming ability, and has potential clinical utility for bone formation. However, no studies have evaluated the clinical outcomes of the novel β-TCP/PLLA/PGA in patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Thus, we evaluated the usefulness of β-TCP/PLLA/PGA in bone formation within jawbone defects following cystectomy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>: 28 patients (19 males and 9 females; mean age: 47.5 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Hospital, between November 2022 and April 2024 were included. They underwent cystectomy for cysts of the jaw (maxilla or mandible) and were grafted with β-TCP/PLLA/PGA. All excised cyst were submitted for histopathological examination. Patient demographics, clinical data, and computed tomography (CT) images were retrospectively evaluated to assess the defect dimensions, CT values, and bone continuity of the jawbone defects. Data on postoperative complications were obtained from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 28 cystic lesions (6 maxillary and 22 mandibular jaw cases), 27 were odontogenic cysts (26 odontogenic cysts and 1 orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst), and 1 was a non-odontogenic cyst (nasopalatine duct cyst). Both long- and short-axis lengths of the jawbone defect revealed a significant decrease at 6 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative and 1-month postoperative values. The CT values were significantly increased from 1 month to 6 months postoperatively (<i>P</i><0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, 39.3% of the patients achieved full bone continuity. No serious adverse events were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>β-TCP/PLLA/PGA demonstrated excellent handling characteristics and clinical safety as a novel cotton-like bone graft material for jawbone defects following cystectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 3","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13329091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering the abstruse: reverse marginal mandibulectomy.","authors":"Rajendra Toprani, Padminii Ellapakurthi, Ashay Shah, Ramanarayana Boyapati, Aditya Mohan Alwala","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.155","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumours involving the bones of maxillofacial region requires elaborate surgical skills and experience for managing the complexity. Treatment planning majorly depends on the extent of bone involvement, type of erosion and involvement of para mandibular soft tissue. Pertaining to mandible in this paper, marginal and segmental mandibulectomies are the predominant options which are oncologically safe practices done by surgeons. Here we report a case of a patient, who was treated with technique of reverse marginal mandibulectomy. He had a unique presentation of tumour abutting the lower border of mandible with the erosion limited to the outer cortex along with a huge extra nodal growth. This sparsely used technique was performed post neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by microvascular reconstruction. We intend to draw attention to this hermetic technique as an oncological safe and reliable alternative for a specific group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 3","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13329072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on platelet-rich fibrin-driven bone regeneration: biological mechanisms and clinical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery.","authors":"Dong Ho Cho, Yong Seung Kim, Jun Lee, Joo-Young Park","doi":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.112","DOIUrl":"10.5125/jkaoms.2026.52.3.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, has emerged as a promising autologous biomaterial in regenerative medicine. Unlike platelet-rich plasma (PRP), PRF is prepared without anticoagulants or biochemical additives, allowing natural platelet activation and fibrin polymerization. This process generates a three-dimensional fibrin matrix containing concentrated platelets, leukocytes, cytokines, and growth factors that collectively support tissue regeneration. Owing to these regenerative properties, PRF has been increasingly applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Despite its widespread clinical use, the precise biological mechanisms underlying PRF-mediated bone regeneration remain incompletely understood. PRF functions not only as a reservoir for growth factors, but also as a dynamic immunomodulatory scaffold that regulates inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation. Recent evidence further suggests that leukocytes, fibrin architecture, cytokine networks, and osteoimmunological interactions within PRF play critical roles in coordinating tissue regeneration. This scoping review aims to summarize the current understanding of the biological mechanisms and regenerative potential of PRF in bone healing and oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between growth factor release, fibrin matrix structure, immune modulation, and cellular signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis. Furthermore, recent advances, limitations, and future perspectives regarding PRF optimization and clinical applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","volume":"52 3","pages":"112-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13329080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}