Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development最新文献_第2页

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices in areas affected by Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦受 "伊代 "气旋影响地区的水、环境卫生和个人卫生做法

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.005

Vimbainashe Prisca Dembedza, P. Chopera, Lesley Macheka

{"title":"Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices in areas affected by Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe","authors":"Vimbainashe Prisca Dembedza, P. Chopera, Lesley Macheka","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study was aimed to investigate the association between Cyclone Idai and the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Chimanimani and Chipinge districts in Zimbabwe. The WASH parameters assessed included the main water source, the type of toilet in the household, the number of households sharing a toilet and the presence of a handwashing facility for use after using the toilet. The highest proportion of households that were mostly affected used piped water, while those not affected mainly used community boreholes (42.9%), protected wells (24.2%) and surface water (18.7%). Most households that were relocated to camps (70%) used the pit latrine with slabs, while most of the households that were not affected (41.8%) used the bush as their toilet facility. Only households relocated to camps shared toilets. Only the most affected and resettled population groups (in camps) had better access to improved WASH infrastructure. However, the sharing of toilets was high and the use of handwashing facilities was low in all settlement types. There was a significant association between the severity of Cyclone Idai and the main water source, adequacy of drinking water, sharing of toilets and the ability to purify drinking water.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" 945","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved bacterial elimination in wastewater through electrocoagulation: hydrogen generation, adsorption of colloidal bacteria-flocks, and electric field bactericidal action 通过电凝改善废水中的细菌消除效果：氢气生成、胶体菌群吸附和电场杀菌作用

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.126

Nouara Boudjemaa, Mohamed Kherat, N. Mameri

{"title":"Improved bacterial elimination in wastewater through electrocoagulation: hydrogen generation, adsorption of colloidal bacteria-flocks, and electric field bactericidal action","authors":"Nouara Boudjemaa, Mohamed Kherat, N. Mameri","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as a promising method for wastewater treatment, offering efficient removal of various contaminants, including bacteria. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying bacterial removal in EC processes, mainly the hydrogen-mediated foam, the effect of operational parameters, including initial pH, current density, and reaction time, and evaluates the associated energy consumption. The EC reactor employed aluminum electrodes and operated at a current intensity of 3.0 A. It demonstrated a notable bacterial removal efficiency, with 120.102 UFC ml−1 of mesophyll floral aerobic bacteria removed through colloid bacteria-flocs precipitation, 440.102 UFC ml−1 via bacterial-bulls flotation from foam, and 117.102 UFC ml−1 through attraction at the electrodes’ plate surface. We found that the EC process leads to the formation of aluminum hydroxide and ferrous hydroxide precipitates, which adsorb bacteria and facilitate their removal from the wastewater via electrostatic forces with an energy consumption of 45 kWh/m3. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing bacterial removal in EC and highlights the importance of energy consumption analysis for optimizing wastewater treatment processes.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the nonrevenue water problem in a sub-Saharan African environment: a practical application in the Republic of Cameroon (Central Africa) 量化撒哈拉以南非洲环境中的无收入用水问题：喀麦隆共和国（中部非洲）的实际应用

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.295

Victor Dang Mvongo, Celestin Defo, Martin Tchoffo

{"title":"Quantifying the nonrevenue water problem in a sub-Saharan African environment: a practical application in the Republic of Cameroon (Central Africa)","authors":"Victor Dang Mvongo, Celestin Defo, Martin Tchoffo","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.295","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper aims to update nonrevenue water (NRW) estimations in Cameroon to identify challenges to reducing NRW in the country. Data were collected from the databases of the Joint Monitoring Program of WHO and UNICEF, International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation, the Central Bureau of the Census and Population Studies of Cameroon, and the Demographic Health Survey. Results indicate that the global volume of NRW in Cameroon was about 84.6 million m3/year, which represents 50.8% of the system input volume According to this estimate, it is about 32.2 billion CFA francs (USD 53.6 million), which is lost every year. By cutting down Cameroon's NRW to half its present level, about 1.75 million people could be supplied with water. This new analysis of global levels of NRW in Cameroon shows that the current estimated volume is higher than previously estimated. This is partly due to outdated infrastructure, poor operation and maintenance, over-conservative estimates used in previous estimates, and NRW level in rural areas. However, this estimate has been found to provide similar results to Camwater statistics. Nonetheless, more data would help refine the numbers.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" 1051","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers to water, sanitation, and hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa: a mini review 撒哈拉以南非洲在水、环境卫生和个人卫生方面的障碍：小型审查

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.266

Nelile Hlongwa, S. L. Nkomo, Sumaiya A. Desai

{"title":"Barriers to water, sanitation, and hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa: a mini review","authors":"Nelile Hlongwa, S. L. Nkomo, Sumaiya A. Desai","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.266","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a worldwide issue which affects many developing countries. The establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) intends to address the need for additional provision of WASH. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has one of the lowest levels of access to water and sanitation. Certain inequalities exist between regions as well as between rural and urban populations. This paper reviews the literature on the barriers of WASH in SSA. The barriers are categorized as follows: institutional, economic, political, and geographical. Subsequently, this review examines the coverage of WASH services in SSA during the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and under the current SDG period attempting to illustrate its progress in reaching SDG 6 targets. The findings of this paper are as follows: the region needs to make accelerated progress in meeting the targets, and there are also ongoing disparities between urban and rural populations. Recommendations are also provided which include the national development agenda to prioritize WASH, establishing a clear institutional framework for WASH, and increasing WASH finance.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence among adolescent girls fetching water in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo 刚果（金）金沙萨城市周边地区打水少女中性别暴力的发生率和模式

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.155

J. Mukiese, J. Geere, Clémentine Biduaya Sangana, J. Konde, G. Kiyombo

{"title":"Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence among adolescent girls fetching water in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo","authors":"J. Mukiese, J. Geere, Clémentine Biduaya Sangana, J. Konde, G. Kiyombo","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In water-scarcity contexts, girls fetching water are exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) for which, prevalence, types, and forms were unknown in the Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa. A cross-sectional study using multi-stage random sampling technique to select 684 adolescent girls was conducted to assess the extent of water scarcity and GBV affecting adolescent girls while fetching water. Findings indicate that 98.2% of adolescent girls were dealing with water shortage; 99.9% experienced at least one type of GBV, of which 97.1, 95.5, and 44.9% experienced sexual, psychological, and physical violence, respectively. Moral violence was more frequent at water points; physical violence in the household, while sexual violence was prevalent on the water route. Adolescent girls' age, weekly involvement in water collection, and distance were found to be the main factors associated with GBV, whereas reducing the number of daily round-trips, the distance travelled, and time devoted to water collection were found to be mitigating factors limiting GBV experience among adolescent girls. Policies promoting the at-home provision of water and community awareness-raising interventions will mitigate the GBV incidence.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"53 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Workplace menstrual health in the private sector: Results from a pilot study in Kenya and Nepal 私营部门工作场所的月经健康：肯尼亚和尼泊尔试点研究的结果

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.026

Aditi Krishna, Dhruhini Maneshka Eliatamby, Mary Whitney Fry, Aishwarya Nagar, J. C. Eaton, Michelle Bronsard, Joan Njagi, Alfred Muli, Sheila Mutua, Anjana Dongol, Prakash Luitel, Meena Sharma, Sunita Raut, M. Kincaid, Michal Avni

{"title":"Workplace menstrual health in the private sector: Results from a pilot study in Kenya and Nepal","authors":"Aditi Krishna, Dhruhini Maneshka Eliatamby, Mary Whitney Fry, Aishwarya Nagar, J. C. Eaton, Michelle Bronsard, Joan Njagi, Alfred Muli, Sheila Mutua, Anjana Dongol, Prakash Luitel, Meena Sharma, Sunita Raut, M. Kincaid, Michal Avni","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Menstrual health (MH) efforts have not focused on challenges experienced by working adults. For individuals who identify as women, managing one's periods outside the home is especially difficult when working in male-dominated workplaces. In response, USAID Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships for Learning and Sustainability implemented four workplace interventions in Kenya and Nepal to improve MH conditions, promote women's economic empowerment, and garner support from company leadership for workplace MH programs. Over 9–11 months, interventions focused on (i) menstrual products and WASH infrastructure; (ii) workplace policy environment; and (iii) education and behavior change. Pre–post, mixed methods evaluations revealed that awareness and confidence regarding MH increased in all workplaces. Improved access to menstrual products increased women's comfort and lowered anxiety regarding leakage. In both countries, improved toilets and reduction of supervisory barriers to toilet use during working hours helped women employees to change products regularly. Changing the social and institutional workplace environments through policy recommendations and education and behavior change efforts increased social support and reduced menstruation-related stigma, leading to improved work performance and job satisfaction. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of implementing workplace MH programs and improving working conditions for menstruating employees in pursuit of economic empowerment and better business outcomes.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differentiated and conflicting incentives across the sanitation value chain: the case of Sanergy in Nairobi 整个环卫价值链中存在差异和冲突的激励机制：内罗毕 Sanergy 公司的案例

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.017

Mariam Zaqout, A. Mdee, D. Barrington, Dorice Agol, Barbara E. Evans

{"title":"Differentiated and conflicting incentives across the sanitation value chain: the case of Sanergy in Nairobi","authors":"Mariam Zaqout, A. Mdee, D. Barrington, Dorice Agol, Barbara E. Evans","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The challenge of achieving safely managed sanitation in low-income settlements in the context of rapid urban expansion in Nairobi is significant. National and county government plans for sanitation focus primarily on extending large-scale sewer systems, but in recent years, there had been increasing activity on non-sewered sanitation, particularly container-based sanitation (CBS) to potentially extend safely managed sanitation. Market-based CBS providers received extensive investment and promised to rapidly scale service delivery. Yet, progress has faltered, and scaling up is proving to be problematic. We apply a service characteristics analysis to examine the case of Sanergy, a CBS provider. Data are drawn from documents and stakeholder interviews. We demonstrate that misaligned incentives between stakeholders explain why extensive scaling up has (so far) failed to materialise. In particular, the creation of a self-sustaining faecal waste circular economy has proved to be elusive and highlights the need for the state to engage actively in sanitation provision as a public good.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profile in irrigation water in farms from Mexico 墨西哥农场灌溉水中的致病菌及其抗生素耐药性概况

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.062

L. Solís-Soto, Zaira L. Castro-Delgado, S. García, N. Heredia, R. Ávila-Sosa, J. Dávila-Aviña

{"title":"Pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profile in irrigation water in farms from Mexico","authors":"L. Solís-Soto, Zaira L. Castro-Delgado, S. García, N. Heredia, R. Ávila-Sosa, J. Dávila-Aviña","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the agro-environment is a growing international concern. In Mexico, few studies thus far have assessed the quality of water irrigation through the isolation of bacteria pathogens and the identification of antibiotic-resistant genes. Irrigation water samples obtained from rivers, wells, and ponds in different regions of Mexico were analyzed for the presence and antibiotic resistance of pathotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Enterococcus spp. using selective agars and polymerase chain reaction. Two Enterococcus faecalis, one typical enteropathogenic (EPEC), and one atypical EPEC pathotypes were isolated from river water samples; two atypical EPEC and one enterotoxigenic pathotypes were isolated from pond water samples. There were no targeted pathogens detected in well water samples. All isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics, with vancomycin being the most common; however, all isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. The presence of pathotypes of EPEC and ETEC and E. faecalis in water samples used for crop irrigation are a potential risk to public health because of their pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Left alone and behind: Experiences of living with incontinence in a Sudanese refugee camp and how WASH practitioners can support 孤独和落后：苏丹难民营中大小便失禁者的生活经历以及讲卫生运动从业人员如何提供支持

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.315

Libertad González Hernández, Antonietta Romano, Manal Hamid, Elsir Abdulgadir Ahmed Elsimat, Desmond Ongara, Yassir Yassin, Chelsea Giles-Hansen

{"title":"Left alone and behind: Experiences of living with incontinence in a Sudanese refugee camp and how WASH practitioners can support","authors":"Libertad González Hernández, Antonietta Romano, Manal Hamid, Elsir Abdulgadir Ahmed Elsimat, Desmond Ongara, Yassir Yassin, Chelsea Giles-Hansen","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Being able to manage incontinence with dignity is intrinsically linked to access to appropriate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services; yet it is overwhelmingly overlooked in humanitarian contexts and not consistently included in WASH interventions. A mixed-methods study (including market assessment) was conducted in two refugee camps in eastern Sudan in late 2022. Tigrayan refugees with incontinence faced extreme challenges to managing it, including no or limited access to necessary hygiene products (such as mattress protectors, toilet chairs, and soap), a lack of water for personal hygiene and washing, and long distances to communal sanitation facilities and distribution sites (or markets) where they often needed to queue or lacked privacy. Refugees with incontinence face high levels of stigma, shame, and isolation. WASH practitioners need increased awareness of incontinence to carry out quality WASH assessments, to better understand and support people with incontinence. WASH interventions must include appropriate hygiene and non-food items (NFIs) to enable people to manage incontinence at home, and accessible toilets, water points and hygiene and washing facilities. A mixed modality of both in-kind and cash or voucher support can help to ensure hygiene and NFI items are accessible and meet the needs of people suffering from incontinence.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential of rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling as an alternative domestic water resource in Bahnstadt-Heidelberg, Germany 德国海德堡市雨水收集和灰水回收利用作为替代生活水资源的潜力

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.208

Jidapa Kasipiyawong, Ulrike Gayh, Mohmmad Reza Ghomi

{"title":"The potential of rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling as an alternative domestic water resource in Bahnstadt-Heidelberg, Germany","authors":"Jidapa Kasipiyawong, Ulrike Gayh, Mohmmad Reza Ghomi","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Many German cities are developing infrastructure featuring green roofs for climate resilience. Green roofs can be integrated with rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling to reuse household water. However, it encounters several challenges. This study was conducted in Banhstadt-Heidelberg, Germany, to estimate domestic water consumption patterns, evaluate the potential of rainwater harvesting from green roofs, and assess the public acceptability of greywater recycling. The primary data were collected from 361 Bahnstadt residents through the questionnaire to estimate water consumption. The non-potable water demand in Bahnstadt was estimated at 228 m3/day for 5,700 Bahnstadt residents. The harvestable rainfall volume was 16,017.58 m3/year. When rainwater supply was compared to water demand, the potential for rooftop rainwater harvesting was 19.25%. This value indicates that the amount of rainwater collected is less than that of non-potable water required per year. To meet the demand, rainwater harvesting will need to be supplemented with treated greywater. However, only 20.78% of respondents are willing to install a greywater recycling system, mostly because of public health concerns. Overall, this study shows the tendencies toward having green roofs with integrated rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling for the possible account of water saving.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"64 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0