January 2024最新文献

{"title":"The use of minerals in fiber-based packaging and pulp molding","authors":"Eli Gaskin, Greg Reed, Janet Preston, Peter Biza","doi":"10.32964/tj23.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj23.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals are widely used in the pulp and paper industry for aiding the processing, economics, and final quality of fiber-based products. Among these, calcium carbonate, talc, and kaolin are widely used as fillers, and these can have varying brightness, particle size distributions, and aspect ratios. For the molded fiber area, these minerals can raise the solids content of the pulp mixture and improve throughput and lower energy requirements for drying. Talc is also widely used as a process control agent, picking up pitch and stickies and improving productivity by lowering machine cleaning time. The replacement of single use plastic with fiber-based replacements is a global trend; however, it does come with some significant challenges, such as grease and moisture proofing. Previously, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used to provide functions such as water and grease repellency, but regulatory demands have seen its demise in the packaging industry. Therefore, water holdout is now generally achieved by addition of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sizing. Wax additives are being developed and tested as PFAS replacements for oil and grease resistance. Rather than strongly repelling lipids from the fiber surface, these PFAS alternatives restrict flow pathways and react with food oils to alter their flow characteristics to prevent penetration through the substrate. During studies incorporating both PFAS substitutes and minerals, no detrimental interactions were observed. This paper addresses the different needs of the molded fiber market by including mineral fillers in molded fiber articles and will be presented as a series of different case studies. In all studies, we show that the trends observed when mineral filler is added to molded fiber are broadly similar to those seen in conventional paper and paperboard applications. Mineral addition in all studies gave improvements in productivity and optical appearance. With its organophilic surface, hydrophobic talc had the additional advantage of pitch and sticky control, and although a small decrease in strength was always observed when filler was added, the final articles still retained sufficient strength for their particular application. This small strength reduction should be balanced against the productivity gains.","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"92 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological potential of soybean seeds subjected to industrial treatment and storage time","authors":"R. C. Pereira, A. Braccini, B. G. da Silva, M. F. Pelloso, João Luiz Volpato Fracasso, Felipe dos Santos de Oliveira, Arthur Almenara Rosendo, Y. M. Borges","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4048","url":null,"abstract":"The use of treated seeds is a common practice among soybean producers, as it provides protection against pests and diseases existing in the soil, preventing their spread in exempt areas. Therefore, chemical treatment combined with different products becomes essential to guarantee success in the field.The objective of this study was to assess the influence that 7 industrial seed treatments (ISTs) and their respective slurry volumes have on the physiological potential of soybean seeds. The assay was carried out in a completely randomized design with 4 replications, with the treatments being arranged in a 7x6 factorial scheme (industrial treatments x storage periods). The chemical treatments were: control (untreated seeds) (ST1), fungicide + insecticide-1 + drying powder (ST2), fungicide + insecticide-1 + drying powder + micronutrient (ST3), fungicide + insecticide-1 + drying powder + micronutrient + biostimulant (ST4), fungicide + insecticide-1 + polymer + drying powder + insecticide-2 (ST5), fungicide + insecticide-1 + polymer + drying powder + insecticide-2 + micronutrient (ST6), fungicide + insecticide-1 + polymer + drying powder + insecticide-2 + micronutrient + biostimulant (ST7). For each IST, the specific slurry volume was 0, 350, 550, 1050, 500, 700 and 1200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds, respectively. The seeds were stored for periods of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days and subsequently checked for their physiological potential. In each storage period, the following tests were conducted: germination, first count, accelerated aging, emergence speed index, and final emergence in sand substrate. Among the evaluated treatments, ST4 and ST7 were the most harmful to the physiological quality of the seeds in all storage periods, since they presented the greatest slurry volume. In relation to treatments with less harmful effects on seeds, treatments ST2 and ST3 presented higher averages for most of the variables analyzed","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sized paper reversion due to oxidative photodegradation","authors":"Yao Ntifafa, Yun Ji, Peter W. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj23.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj23.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is a sizing agent used in papermaking to increase the resistance of paper-board towards water penetration. The acquired hydrophobic property of the paper can be reversed due to the instability of the sizing agent. It is broadly known that AKD size reversion is due to migration, poor orientation, masking, or hydrolysis of the sizing agent. Unfortunately, the environmental parameters that cause this chemical instability are not well understood. Thus, the conditions that initiate or catalyze AKD size reversion and the mechanisms of AKD size reversion under different environmental conditions need to be investigated. In this study, six different experimental setups were used to investigate how temperature, daylight, fluorescent light, oxygen, and ultraviolet (UV) light affect AKD size reversion. Cobb values and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) results show that AKD size reversion is due to the degradation of the chemical in the presence of light and oxygen; temperature variations were found to accelerate reversion in the presence of light and oxygen. The oxidative photodegradation mechanism of the sizing agent is explored, and a possible mechanism is proposed.","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecast sugarcane maturity from agrometeorological data and soil water storage","authors":"Jordana Moura Caetano, D. Casaroli, J. A. Júnior, Dayanna Teodoro Quirino, A. W. P. Evangelista, Frank Freire Capuchinho","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4001","url":null,"abstract":"The environment (climate and soil) can stimulate the accumulation of sugars in the cane, inducing the plant´s maturation process. In this way, we can estimate sugarcane maturity based on the crop's growth response to environmental conditions, which allows us to quantify the raw material (ethanol or sugar) and plan the harvest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agrometeorological variables and soil water storage on the sugarcane maturation process and to generate forecasting models for soluble solids content (°Brix) and total recoverable sugars (TRS, kg t-1). The experiment was carried out in the Santo Antonio de Goiás, Brazil. We evaluated °Brix and TRS of the sugarcane cycles (cane-plant, 1st ratoon, 2nd ratoon). The agrometeorological data was obtained from a weather station, which made it possible to calculate the crop’s water balance and degree-day. All the variables were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, which selected the most significant variables. The models used degree-days, reference evapotranspiration and soil water storage as independent variables, which obtained multiple coefficients of determination (R_p^2) greater than 0.60. The estimates showed a good fit for both °Brix and TRS models, which determined a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.15 °Brix and 9.88 kg t-1, respectively; and very good confidence index (c > 0.75). Independent estimates obtained MAE < 2.60 ºBrix, while TRS resulted in MAE < 21.30 kg t 1, with “c” ranging from good to optimum (c > 0.70). Models based on multivariate analysis can be used to estimate the sugarcane harvest point based on the sugar content in the stalks, agrometeorological variables and soil water storage.","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-emergence herbicides effects in no-till soybean system with Panicum maximum ‘BRS Tamani’","authors":"Mateus Matos da Silva, E. Almeida, Andreza Maciel de Sousa, I. S. Ponte, Bruna da Silva Brito Ribeiro, Daniel Lobo de Sousa, Andressa Carvalho de Sousa, Washington da Silva Sousa, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Jarlyson Brunno Costa Souza","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4018","url":null,"abstract":"The use of pre-emergence herbicides is an important strategy in resistant-weeds management, but its performance can be affected in no-till systems. This study aimed to analyse weed control from pre-emergence herbicides in no-till soybean system with Panicum maximum cv. BRS Tamani. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with eight treatments and five repetitions. The treatments consisted in no-treatment, S-metolachlor + imazethapyr (1,200.00 g a.i. ha-1 + 100.00 g a.e. ha-1, respectively), S-metolachlor + fomesafen (1,035.66 g a.i. ha-1 + 227.70 g a.e. ha-1, respectively), S-metolachlor + diclosulam (1.200.00 g a.i. ha-1 + 29.40 g a.i. ha-1), imazethapyr + diclosulam (100.00 g a.e. ha-1 + 29.40 g a.i. ha-1), imazethapyr + flumioxazin (100.00 g a.e. ha-1 + 50.00 g a.i. ha-1), pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin (90.00 g a.i. ha-1 + 60.00 g a.i. ha-1) and pendimethalin (1,137.50 g a.i. ha-1). We evaluated weed phytosociological rates, weed control, and soybean growth. We identified 23 weed species distributed in 22 genera and 15 botanical families, majority of eudicotyledonous botanical class (78.2%), annual life cycle (56.5%), and sexual reproduction (100%). The integrated weed management, between herbicides and straw, was effective in herbicide-resistant weed control, except Euphorbia heterophylla. The treatments recommended included S-metolachlor combinations with fomesafen, imazethapyr, diclosulam, and also, pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin. The Panicum maximum cv. BRS Tamani straw was estimated in 11 t ha-1 and influenced negatively herbicides lipophilics and with slower movement, such as pendmethalin","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priming of Coffea arabica seeds improves the germination quality and stimulates antioxidant system enzymes","authors":"Giovana Janini Frota, Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos, G. V. Tirelli, Ana Luiza Reale, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa, Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.01.p4028","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological conditioning is reported to result in faster and more uniform seedling emergence in the field and induces tolerance to environmental adversities. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of physiological conditioning on Coffea arabica L. seeds and drying rates through germination tests and enzymatic activity. C. arabica seeds from Catuaí Amarelo, with water contents of 43, 35 and 12%, were conditioned with distilled water, cathodic and anodic water, ascorbic acid, and sodium nitroprusside. The efficiency of the treatments was analyzed through tests of germination, emergence, electrical conductivity, and seedling growth. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were also measured. No priming agent was found to improve germination on seeds dried up to 12% water content, as little or no differences were found for those at 43%, while either ascorbic acid or sodium nitroprusside effectively improved vigor on 35% water content seeds. Our results indicate that sodium nitroprusside or ascorbic acid can be used as molecules to improve coffee seed vigor","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"43 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphoteric dry strength chemistry approach to deal with low-quality fiber and difficult wet-end chemistry conditions in the Asian and North American markets","authors":"Ryo Ito, Akira Nakagawa, Lebo Xu, Peter W. Hart, Przem Pruszynski","doi":"10.32964/tj23.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj23.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"With Japan’s high recycling rates and low access to fresh fiber sources, reaching strength targets in manufacturing packaging materials is a challenge. Declining quality of recycled fiber and minimal freshwater consumption results in difficult wet-end chemistry conditions in terms of high conductivity and elevated levels of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS). These trends are somewhat typical of other Asian regions. Due to global trade, Asian packaging materials have become a part of the North American (NA) raw material pool. The gradual closing of mill water circuits for fresh water and energy savings results in more difficult wet-end chemistry conditions experienced in North America. China’s ban on the import of mixed paper and the consequent ban on all waste-paper imports triggered a significant price drop in recycled raw material, resulting in plans for increased manufacturing capacity in North America. Between increased demand, decreasing fiber quality, and movement towards more closed white water systems associated with packaging grade paperboard (even a virgin fiber mill uses a fair amount of recycled fiber), new methods to overcome strength reduction in raw materials must be proactively considered for North America. Reviewing the strategies currently used in the Asian industry regarding strength development is an excellent starting place for NA producers. A clear difference between Asian and NA wet-end chemistry is the dominant position of amphoteric dry strength agents. This paper reviews the fundamentals of dry strength development that explain the trend towards the increased application of amphoteric dry strength technology for poor-quality fiber and highly contaminated water circuits in Asian markets. This paper discusses the development and application performance of the novel 4th generation amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) dry strength technology, based on selected laboratory and mill case studies.","PeriodicalId":516622,"journal":{"name":"January 2024","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}