Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the depth of penetration of bioceramic sealer and release of hydroxyproline: An in vitro study","authors":"K. Reddy, Bollineni Swetha, B. D. Priya, T. M. Mohan, D. L. Malini, M. S. Sravya","doi":"10.4103/jcd.jcd_309_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_309_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During endodontic treatment, sealers seal off dentinal tubules and prevent microbial attack. Bioceramic sealers have excellent bioactivity, but its high alkalinity is found to have detrimental effects on radicular collagen. Collagen cross linkers have the ability to chemically modify collagen and can prevent the detrimental effects of the sealer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research was aimed to assess the effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the integrity of radicular collagen matrix and depth of penetration of sealer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mandibular premolars (n = 48) were taken. Teeth were decoronated; canals were prepared till ProTaper size F2 and were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 3 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid between instrumentation and finally rinsed with saline following which teeth were divided into three groups based on the surface treatments: Group 1: 6.5% proanthocyanin (PA), Group 2: chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3: saline. Teeth were obturated using gutta-percha and bioceramic sealer and stored in artificial saliva. Hydroxyproline (HYP) release was assessed after 14 and 21 days using spectrophotometer. Sealer penetration was assessed using the scanning electron microscope.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test for release of HYP and paired t-test and ANOVA for sealer penetration were performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Significantly lower release of HYP was seen in proanthocyanin-treated group. Sealer penetration was better for both the proanthocyanin- and CHX-treated groups when compared to saline.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Surface treatment with collagen cross-linkers caused a decrease in the amount of HYP released, indicating lesser degradation of collagen. Sealer penetration was better due to the removal of smear layer following the surface treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139892112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual case of maxillary first molar with seven canals and the successful surgical recovery of a separated instrument","authors":"Shubhangi Kadoo, P. Patni, Pradeep Jain, Nikit Agrawal, Swadhin Raghuwanshi, S. Pandey","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_271_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_271_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This case report highlights the intricate anatomy of root canals and the challenges they pose for clinicians. A 26-year-old female patient presented to the department with a chief complaint of pain in her left upper back tooth region. After thorough clinical and radiographical examinations, the diagnosis of pulpal necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis in the maxillary left first molar was confirmed. An intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography was performed. The axial imaging unveiled that there were, two distal (DB1 and DB2) canals, two palatal (P1 and P2) canals, and three mesiobuccal (MB1, MB2, and MB3) canals. The appearance of a convoluted root canal configuration serves to highlight the inherent complexity that clinicians may encounter during endodontic procedures. However, when this complexity is further compounded by the incident of separation of root canal instruments, the challenges faced by clinicians become significantly more demanding. It exemplifies the increased difficulty posed by the combination of tortuous root canal morphology and the additional complication of instrument separation, highlighting the importance of careful management and precise techniques in such scenarios and the significance of modern adjuncts, into the diagnostic process and magnification in the surgical and endodontic therapy.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various disinfectant solutions on the tensile strength of gutta-percha using the rapid sterilization technique","authors":"Sandeep Rudranaik, Yoganatha Hanasoge Nagashetty, Sahadev Chikmagarvalli Krishna Gowda, B. Jaganath, K. B. Nirmala, M. C. B. Gowda","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_300_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_300_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gutta-percha (GP) gets contaminated during handling. It becomes imperative to ensure GP is sterile before placement in root canal space.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of GP treated with four different disinfectant solutions: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), amla juice (AJ), Aloe vera (AV) juice, and pancha tulsi (PT).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study design was an in vitro study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fifty GP cones with a size of 30 were procured from sealed packages in five different groups. Experimental groups were disinfected for 1 min with 3% NaOCl, AJ, AV, and PT except the control group. Tensile and Brinell Testing Machine is used to measure the tensile strengths of GP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean tensile strength values for Groups A, B, C, D, and E are 9.49 Mpa, 13.33 Mpa, 12.58 Mpa, 12.69 MPa, and 13.56 MPa, respectively. In the herbal disinfectant group, such as AJ, AV, and PT, the tensile strength was not significantly altered, whereas in the 3% NaOCl group, it was reduced considerably.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 AJ, AV juice, and PT as a GP disinfectant do not alter the tensile strength of GP cones.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the depth of penetration of bioceramic sealer and release of hydroxyproline: An in vitro study","authors":"K. Reddy, Bollineni Swetha, B. D. Priya, T. M. Mohan, D. L. Malini, M. S. Sravya","doi":"10.4103/jcd.jcd_309_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_309_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During endodontic treatment, sealers seal off dentinal tubules and prevent microbial attack. Bioceramic sealers have excellent bioactivity, but its high alkalinity is found to have detrimental effects on radicular collagen. Collagen cross linkers have the ability to chemically modify collagen and can prevent the detrimental effects of the sealer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research was aimed to assess the effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the integrity of radicular collagen matrix and depth of penetration of sealer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mandibular premolars (n = 48) were taken. Teeth were decoronated; canals were prepared till ProTaper size F2 and were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 3 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid between instrumentation and finally rinsed with saline following which teeth were divided into three groups based on the surface treatments: Group 1: 6.5% proanthocyanin (PA), Group 2: chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3: saline. Teeth were obturated using gutta-percha and bioceramic sealer and stored in artificial saliva. Hydroxyproline (HYP) release was assessed after 14 and 21 days using spectrophotometer. Sealer penetration was assessed using the scanning electron microscope.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test for release of HYP and paired t-test and ANOVA for sealer penetration were performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Significantly lower release of HYP was seen in proanthocyanin-treated group. Sealer penetration was better for both the proanthocyanin- and CHX-treated groups when compared to saline.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Surface treatment with collagen cross-linkers caused a decrease in the amount of HYP released, indicating lesser degradation of collagen. Sealer penetration was better due to the removal of smear layer following the surface treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139832383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various disinfectant solutions on the tensile strength of gutta-percha using the rapid sterilization technique","authors":"Sandeep Rudranaik, Yoganatha Hanasoge Nagashetty, Sahadev Chikmagarvalli Krishna Gowda, B. Jaganath, K. B. Nirmala, M. C. B. Gowda","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_300_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_300_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gutta-percha (GP) gets contaminated during handling. It becomes imperative to ensure GP is sterile before placement in root canal space.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of GP treated with four different disinfectant solutions: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), amla juice (AJ), Aloe vera (AV) juice, and pancha tulsi (PT).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study design was an in vitro study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fifty GP cones with a size of 30 were procured from sealed packages in five different groups. Experimental groups were disinfected for 1 min with 3% NaOCl, AJ, AV, and PT except the control group. Tensile and Brinell Testing Machine is used to measure the tensile strengths of GP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean tensile strength values for Groups A, B, C, D, and E are 9.49 Mpa, 13.33 Mpa, 12.58 Mpa, 12.69 MPa, and 13.56 MPa, respectively. In the herbal disinfectant group, such as AJ, AV, and PT, the tensile strength was not significantly altered, whereas in the 3% NaOCl group, it was reduced considerably.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 AJ, AV juice, and PT as a GP disinfectant do not alter the tensile strength of GP cones.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrophotometric evaluation of color stability of composite resin after exposure to cold drinks: An in vitro study","authors":"J. N. Fathima, M. J. Hashir, Kadambari Padmanabhan","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_230_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_230_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of two composite resins after exposure to beverages such as Cola, Pepsi, Red Bull, and distilled water after 15 days.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The color stability of a microhybrid and nanohybrid composite was evaluated after storage in distilled water, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Red Bull for 15 days. Color measurement was done using a reflectance spectrophotometer based on the CIE L*a*b* color scale.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All tested resin composites showed color change after a period of 15 days. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc were done to assess the significance of color change within the group and an independent t-test was done to assess the change between micro and nanohybrid composite. Among the resin composites studied, microhybrid composite was found to be more color stable. The microhybrid and nanohybrid composite discolored most in Coca-Cola and Pepsi. In both groups, distilled water showed very less color change.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Every endeavor should be undertaken to minimize the potential for discoloration in composite restorations by employing meticulous polishing techniques and also to use newer composite material with submicron particles. Furthermore, it is imperative to educate patients about the likelihood of the restoration being susceptible to staining from various beverages.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antifungal activity of Sodium Hypochlorite, Calcium Hypochlorite and modified Salt Solution associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation against Candida albicans - An In-Vitro study","authors":"Helen Thomas, D. N. Nirupama, M. Nainan, D. N. Naveen, C. Y. Ranjini, R. Vijay","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_211_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_211_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study evaluated the antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), and modified salt solution (MSS) assisted with passive ultrasonic irrigation against Candida albicans.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and thirty-six single-rooted premolars were decoronated and enlarged up to a file #45, autoclaved, inoculated with C. albicans, and incubated for 72 h. The samples were randomly distributed into eight groups (n = 17) according to the protocol for decontamination G1: No treatment, G2: Distilled water (DW), G3: 2.5% NaOCl, G4: 2.5% NaOCl + ultrasonic activation (US), G5: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2, G6: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + US, G7: MSS, G8: MSS + US. Microbiological testing (Colony forming Unit [CFU] counting) was performed before and after the treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data were subjected to the one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Groups 1 and 2 showed the highest mean contamination (5.41 and 4.31 log10 CFU/mL, respectively), which was statistically different from all the other groups (P < 0.001). G4 showed the lowest mean contamination (0.24 log10 CFU/mL) with statistically significant value (P < 0.001). 2.5% NaOCl with ultrasonic activation can aid in significant fungal reduction. Ultrasonic activation of 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% Ca(OCl)2, and MSS was also found to have improved antifungal activity against C. albicans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139831580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical performance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture lithium disilicate ceramic endocrown restorations: A 2-year study","authors":"T. T. Do, Tri Minh Trinh, Thao Thi Phuong Tran, Van Thi Tuong Nguyen, Lamot Le","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_99_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_99_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Optimal restoration methods for endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) have always remained an ongoing discussion among physicians in this day and age. ETTs have a tendency to fracture when chewing, compared to initial teeth. From the perspective of biology, preserving and restoring tooth structure is critical to maintaining biomechanical, functional, and esthetic harmony. Dental bonding techniques have lessened the necessity for post-and-core restorations in ETTs with severe substance loss. A minimally invasive endodontic restoration technique called “endocrown” was initially introduced by Bindl and Mörmann in 1999.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate all-ceramic mandibular molar endocrowns made using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following 2 years of follow-up.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This unblinded study contains 56 patients with 56 mandibular molars, which had severe substance loss. After teeth preparation, lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns were manufactured with the CEREC CAD/CAM system, and cementation was performed using a composite luting agent. The endocrowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. Data were processed using STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp LLC, USA).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two endocrowns (3.6%) failed throughout the period of observation. The high clinical rating criteria (96.4%, count of 54) and the increased satisfaction percentage (94.6%, count of 53) remained practically stable during the follow-up assessments at 6 months and after 1–2 years.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Endocrown offers a less invasive treatment option that may be a better method for endodontically treated mandibular molars. With contemporary CAD/CAM technology and new materials, time in the chair and esthetics optimally improved, bringing satisfaction to the patient.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of stress distribution against the root canal wall at three different levels using novel NiTi rotary files – A finite element analysis","authors":"Rimjhim Singh, Sandeep Dubey, Palak Singh, P. Samant, S. Saha","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_96_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_96_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Recent innovations in the physical and mechanical features of endodontic file systems have diminished the prospect of stress generation and fracture risk in novel endodontic files.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this research was to comparatively evaluate the stress distribution of recently introduced endodontic rotary files with distinct features and metallurgy at three different levels of the root canal wall by finite element analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty endodontic files were used in this experiment after being inspected through a scanning electron microscope for any surface deformities. Based on their metallurgy and design, the scanned files were divided into four groups, each with 10 samples: Group A-2Shape files, Group B-F360, Group C-One Curve, and Group D-TruNatomy. To assess the mechanical behavior of these files, the stress produced by computer-aided models of these instruments on the dentinal wall of a simulated root canal was numerically analyzed using ANSYS® 15 Workbench finite element software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A one-way ANOVA was used to assess all the raw data with post hoc Tukey analysis, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and Levene’s test. F360 files exerted the maximum stress on the dentinal wall, while TruNatomy files exerted the least stress at all the distinct levels of dentinal walls.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was no statistically significant variation in the stress generated between the four groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that improvements in rotary file design and metallurgy have the potential to reduce the stress during canal shaping and the risk of instrument breakage during clinical use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of irrigants and use of activation systems: An in vitro study","authors":"Aishwarya Sanjay Awati, Neha S Dhaded, Siddhesh Mokal, P. Doddwad","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_221_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_221_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 18% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP), with diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI): an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscopy study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fifty-two extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single canal were selected. They were disinfected in 0.1% thymol solution, cleaned of calculus and soft tissues, and stored in 0.1% thymol solution till use. All teeth were radiographed and selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The teeth were decoronated using a diamond disk under copious water spray to acquire a standardized root length of 14 mm. Working length was established by inserting a size 10-K file into each root canal until it is visible at the apical foramen and by subtracting 1 mm from the recorded length. Instrumentation of the root canal was done till master apical file size of F3 using ProTaper universal, rotary instruments. The canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite between successive files. Teeth were randomly divided into four subgroups n = 12 according to the intervention. Passive ultrasonic irrigation and diode laser were used to activate the irrigants. Final irrigation was performed with distilled water. These specimens were examined using confocal laser scanning microscope (OLYMPUS FLUOVIEW FV 3000) for dentinal tubule penetration of the sealer. Two-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s multiple post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Highly significant difference was seen between the groups with EDTA and HEDP, with HEDP demonstrating the highest penetration. Among the activation techniques used in this study, PUI showed the highest penetration of the sealer. The least penetration was seen with diode laser activation and EDTA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The irrigation activation techniques significantly influence the penetration of sealer into root dentinal tubules. When penetration of sealer with different irrigation techniques and irrigants was evaluated, significant greater level of sealer penetration was attained with PUI activation of HEDP.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}