Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of remaining dentin thickness using single file, two file, and multiple rotary file system – An in vitro CBCT study","authors":"Chikine Yashas Chandar, Mounika Veeraiyan, Yata Prashanth Kumar, Nithesh Kumar Reddy, Delphia Thomas, Dundigalla Sreeja","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_220_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_220_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Endodontic success hinges on a multifactorial interplay, with meticulous canal shaping, proper disinfection, and three-dimensional obturation being paramount. Among these factors, the amount of dentin remaining after instrumentation directly influences the biomechanical resilience and longevity of the tooth.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aims to evaluate the impact of various rotary instrumentation systems, including single-file, two-file, and multiple-file configurations, on the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) following canal preparation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was an in vitro study, original research article.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty mandibular premolar human extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction with a diamond disc. Samples were randomly assigned to three groups using a simple random sampling technique (n = 60). Group I – Single-file system (One Curve, MicroMega) (n = 20), Group II – Two-file systems (2Shape, MicroMega) (n = 20), and Group III – Multiple-file system (Hero Gold, MicroMega) (n = 20). Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained after the sample was mounted on a modeling wax sheet. The biomechanical preparation of canals followed the manufacturer’s protocols for every system. Postoperative CBCT scans were obtained. Pre- and postoperative scans were compared at standardized depths (4 mm, 7 mm, and 11 mm) within the canals (coronal, middle, and apical thirds), allowing for a comprehensive assessment of RDT throughout the canal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to one-way ANOVA, the highest mean was seen in Group I, followed by Group II and Group III. Hence, a statistically significant difference was found between all the groups. Post hoc Tukey’s test was done for intergroup comparison.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A single-file system preserved more dentin with less aggressive cutting compared to two-file and multiple-file systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nonthermal atmospheric plasma application at different time intervals on the dentinal shear bond strength pretreated with 2% chlorhexidine as cavity disinfectant: An in vitro study","authors":"Roopadevi Garlapati, Nagesh Bolla, Gali Praveen Kumar, Mayana Aameena Banu, Bandlapally Sreenivasa Guptha Anila, S. Kamal","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_256_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_256_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Effective use of nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) to strengthen adhesive–dentin interfacial bonding while disinfecting with chlorhexidine (CHX).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 NTAP application at different time intervals on the dentinal shear bond strength (SBS) after pretreatment with 2% CHX as a cavity disinfectant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The design of the study was an in vitro study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty permanent mandibular teeth were collected (n = 40) and the occlusal surfaces were flattened. For, all the specimens 37% phosphoric acid etching was done followed by pretreatment with 2% CHX as cavity disinfectant for 5 s. According to the surface treatment, divided into four groups of n = 10. Group I (Control): No NTAP pretreatment was done. Group II: NTAP pretreatment done for 15 s. Group III: NTAP pretreatment done for 30 s. Group IV: NTAP pretreatment done for 45 s. Later, all the specimens were treated with a bonding agent, incremental build-up of composite resin on the dentin surface was done and evaluation of SBS was done. Analyzed using One-way analysis of variance with a post hoc Tukey’s test (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two percent CHX pretreatment as cavity disinfectant followed by NTAP application for 30 s (Group III) exhibited greater values compared to the control group (Group I).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two percent CHX pretreatment as cavity disinfectant followed by NTAP pretreatment for 30 s was found to exhibit better bond strength values compared to 15 s as well as 45 s.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of KTP lasers in tooth bleaching, by comparing tooth color change after bleaching with KTP, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, and diode laser system: A systematic review","authors":"Aishwarya Sanjay Awati, Aishika Paul, Neha S Dhaded, Sonal B. Joshi, Vasanti Lagali-Jirge","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_200_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_200_24","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review evaluated the role of Potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) lasers in dental bleaching by comparing tooth color change and rise in intrapulpal temperature after bleaching with KTP, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), Er:YAG, and diode laser system. Following were the inclusion criteria: in vitro studies in English available in full text. Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were selected. The search for was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane library/CENTRAL, Wiley online library, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Hand searching/specialized registers. Keywords were used: “Lasers” [Mesh] and “Tooth bleaching” [Mesh] using Boolean operators. A total of four articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment of studies included was undertaken independently as part of data extraction process. KTP lasers demonstrated more effectiveness in attaining color change in stained teeth and showed the lowest rise in intrapulpal temperature. Based on the data obtained in the present review, the choice of bleaching treatment is directly related to the type of discoloration, activation of the bleaching agent, and esthetic requirement. Although all bleaching procedures were effective in color change, the KTP laser showed better results when compared to other laser activation. The bleaching treatment protocol is directly related to the type of discoloration, activation of the bleaching agent, and esthetic requirement. It has been demonstrated that a faster change in color can be obtained when bleaching is performed in combination with a light source, i.e., power bleaching aiming for a more in-depth change of color.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis using four irrigant activation protocols","authors":"Prerana Choudhury, Ramya Raghu, A. Shetty, Lekha Santhosh, R. Subhashini, K. L. Nikhitha","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_143_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_143_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to compare the activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis when used with four different irrigation protocols.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars with closed apex were prepared till size 35/0.04. The specimens were sterilized and infected with E. faecalis colonies that were cultured separately. The canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups based on irrigation activation protocol, with each group having 15 specimens each – Group 1: control, Group 2: manual dynamic agitation (MDA), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 4: intracanal heating (ICH), and Group 5: passive ultrasonic irrigation followed by ICH (PUI ICH). The dentinal shavings were collected and sampled before (S1) and after (S2) the different irrigation techniques were performed. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction was calculated for each group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis colonies was observed for all the experimental groups (P < 0.001). The groups with ICH of NaOCl showed a considerable reduction in bacterial colonies than other groups (P < 0.001), with Group 5 that combined ultrasonics with ICH showed the highest reduction.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ICH of NaOCl may be used as an adjunct to root canal irrigation to reduce the bacterial concentration from root canal spaces.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of six different apex locators in working length determination of molars using intraoral periapical radiographs: An in vivo study","authors":"Abrar Sayed, Santoshi Dighole, Wendy M V Lobo, Kishor Sapkale, Manoj Ramugade, David C Baker","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_189_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_189_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 One of the crucial steps in endodontic treatment is determining the working length (WL). There are various methods for performing this procedure, one of which is an electronic apex locator (EAL) measurement.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of six EALs, i.e.. Root ZX, Root ZX Mini, Propex PiXi, Innvopex-1, Woodpex III, and Raypex 6 for WL estimation in the mandibular first molars.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included 180 root canals with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, divided into six groups using different apex locators. WL determination was compared with intraoral periapical radiographs. Results were categorized as accurate, short, or long. The data were statistically analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ROOT ZX had an accuracy of 96.7%, Root ZX Mini had an accuracy of 93.3%, PiXi had an accuracy of 90.0%, Innvopex-1 had an accuracy of 90.0%, Woodpex III had an accuracy of 86.7%, and Raypex 6 had an accuracy of 83.4%, respectively. There was a statistically nonsignificant difference between groups (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Newly developed apex locators, such as the Innvopex-1, have shown accuracy comparable to well-established EALs like the Root ZX. This highlights the importance of conducting more extensive, large-scale research to confirm and validate their effectiveness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of canal convolution in mesial root of mandibular second molars and a proposed new classification","authors":"K. Desai, Ankit V. Arora, Sonali V. Kapoor, P. Shah, Yashrajsingh R. Rathore","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_204_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_204_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim is to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals in mandibular second molars particularly in terms of its exit direction, distance of confluence from the minor constriction, and the angle of confluence.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cone-beam computed tomography images of hundred mandibular second molars were analyzed. Endodontically treated teeth and those with anatomical variations such as C-shaped canal configuration were excluded from this study. The distance of the confluence from the minor constriction, angle of confluence, and the exit direction of the mesiobuccal and the mesiolingual canals were assessed. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The course of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals beyond the confluence was towards the center of the root. The average angle of confluence was 32.75°–35.28°. The average distance of confluence from the minor constriction was 2.19 to 2.68 mm. The mesiolingual canal was straighter whereas the mesiobuccal canal had a tortuous course. Considering the results of the present study, a new classification has been proposed for the root canal morphology of the mesial root of mandibular second molars.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The variation in the morphology of mandibular second molars highlights that the mesiolingual canal presented a mild curvature through and beyond the confluence when compared to the mesiobuccal canal which exhibited a tortuous course through the confluence.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of various herbal irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis","authors":"Anjali Surana, Chauhan Priya, Akotiya Bhavya, G. S. Suparna, S. A. Rolly, Manasi Kewlani","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_349_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_349_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this article is to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Herbal Irrigants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to evaluate MIC and MBC of herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, and Green Tea Against Enterococcus faecalis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The MIC and MBC of extracts of A\u0000 . indica (neem), C. longa (turmeric), and Green Tea were evaluated to establish them as standard root canal irrigants against E. faecalis using agar well diffusion method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study found that green tea exhibited the most substantial antimicrobial activity among the tested herbal extracts, which was comparable to chlorhexidine. Although A. indica and C. longa required higher concentrations for effectiveness, their antimicrobial properties were also apparent.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Within the constraints of this study, it can be concluded that green tea could be considered a promising alternative to chlorhexidine in treating endodontic infections due to its substantial antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis at lower concentrations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of incorporation of ferrule in premolars endocrown designs to check any alterations in their fracture resistance: A pilot study","authors":"Progyna Paramita Pal, D. Mazumdar, Swarupananda Bera, Suman Kar, Dristi Sahay, Kuntal Chowdhuri","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_277_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_277_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Endocrown preparation of endodontically treated teeth as final restoration has been extensively studied for different teeth. Bindl et al. questioned the application of endocrowns for premolars due to the pulp chamber space’s smaller dimensions, which diminish bonding surface area. The addition of ferrule into the endocrown preparations of premolars has not been extensively studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Comparative evaluation of incorporation of the ferrule in premolars endocrown designs to check any alterations in their fracture resistance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The sample consisted of 40 maxillary first premolars without cracks or caries, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal purposes. The teeth were individually mounted with cold-cure acrylic resin. Group A: Composite endocrown without ferrule and Group B: Composite endocrown with ferrule. An endocrown former was prepared with elastomeric polyvinyl siloxane material (GC Exaclear). Endocrowns were then prepared with dual-cure core build-up composite-Core-x flow (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) using the endocrown former so that morphologically, they all were almost identical. Endocrowns are cemented by dual-cure resin cement following manufacturer instructions. The fracture resistance of endocrowns with and without ferrule was evaluated and compared.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SPSS version 24 software. The variables were presented with mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test. The P ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Group B (with ferrule) showed higher fracture resistance (622.06 N) than Group A (537.59 N) (without ferrule). Independent t-test showed that the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.008).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Comparing the failure load findings, it could be concluded that ferrule-containing endocrown needed greater loads than ordinary endocrown restorations for failure.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vital pulp therapy demystified","authors":"Shishir Singh, Sanjyot Mulay","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_338_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_338_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rise in pH and oxygen release at the site of simulated external root resorption cavities using different oxygen-releasing biomaterials: An in vitro study","authors":"Bollineni Swetha, D. L. Malini, T. M. Mohan, B. D. Priya, O. A. Reddy, G. Haripriya","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_39_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_39_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 External inflammatory root resorption has rapid onset and progresses aggressively. It leads to cementum loss, which allows communication between the infected pulp and the periodontium through the denuded dentinal tubules. Primary management strategy includes adequate chemomechanical debridement and lesion arrest for which maintaining alkaline pH and aerobic conditions is essential for healing and repair of the resorption defect.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study is to evaluate rise in pH and oxygen release at the site of simulated external root resorption cavities using different oxygen-releasing biomaterials.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In 40 extracted single-rooted teeth access opening and chemomechanical debridement were done. Cavities simulating resorption defect are prepared on the roots. The samples are divided into four groups (n = 10) based on the biomaterial used. After placing the biomaterial, the root apices were sealed. Half of the samples from each group were tested for oxygen release using dissolved oxygen meter and the other half for rise in pH using pH meter at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The pH values were analyzed using Friedman 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis test. Oxygen release was measured using the two-way and repeated-measures ANOVA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Calcium peroxide group showed the highest mean pH and oxygen release than other groups at any given point of time.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Incorporating oxygen-releasing biomaterials such as calcium peroxide and perfluorodecalin into intracanal medicaments, such as calcium hydroxide, creates an alkaline and oxygen-enriched milieu in the periapical tissues.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}