Learned Publishing最新文献

{"title":"The impact of generative AI on the scholarly communications of early career researchers: An international, multi-disciplinary study","authors":"David Nicholas,&nbsp;Marzena Swigon,&nbsp;David Clark,&nbsp;Abdullah Abrizah,&nbsp;Jorge Revez,&nbsp;Eti Herman,&nbsp;Blanca Rodríguez Bravo,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Anthony Watkinson","doi":"10.1002/leap.1628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Harbingers study of early career researchers (ECRs), their work life and scholarly communications, began by studying generational—Millennial—change (c.2016), then moved to pandemic change (c.2020) and is now investigating another potential agent of change: artificial intelligence (2024–). We report here on a substantial scoping pilot study that looks at the impact of AI on the scholarly communications of international ECRs and, extends this to the arts and humanities. It aims to fill the knowledge gap concerning ECRs whose millennial mindset may render them especially open to change and, as the research workhorses they are, very much in the frontline. The data was collected via in-depth interviews in China, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Spain and (selectively) the United Kingdom/United States. The data show ECRs to be thinking, probing and, in some cases, experimenting with AI. There was a general acceptance that AI will be responsible for the growth of low-quality scientific papers, which could lead to a decline in the quality of research. Scholarly integrity and ethics were a big concern with issues of authenticity, plagiarism, copyright and poor citation practices raised. The most widespread belief was AI would prove to be a transformative force and would exacerbate existing scholarly disparities and inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-specific gold open access dynamics in the Chinese mainland: Overviews, disparities, and strategic insights","authors":"Xinyi Chen,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1002/leap.1630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gold Open Access (OA) journals are crucial for scholarly communication, highlighting the need for a thorough evaluation of their academic influence on different research fields. This study leverages the InCites platform to examine article-level characteristics relating to 22 Essential Science Indicators (ESI) research fields, with a focus on the dynamics of gold OA articles, including gold OA uptake in the Chinese mainland and gold OA adoption in the domestic English-language academic journal publishing of the Chinese mainland. The findings reveal that disparities in gold OA adoption across 22 ESI fields are more pronounced in the Chinese mainland compared with the world scenario. In the Chinese mainland, there is a significant polarization in gold OA publishing volumes across different ESI fields, particularly in Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, and Engineering. This study builds on the understanding of OA citation advantage (OACA) by incorporating gold OA publishing volume into a two-dimensional framework, resulting in the development of a “distance” metric. It further categorizes gold OA citation effects into four quadrants: positive citation effects (quadrants A and B) and negative citation effects (quadrants C and D), based on category normalized citation impact (CNCI) and journal normalized citation impact (JNCI) indicators from the InCites database. The findings underscore the importance of developing tailored strategies to address field-specific challenges and promote gold OA dynamics in the Chinese mainland; while prioritizing high-quality gold OA journals is essential for fostering gold OA development in the rest of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are early career researchers feeling the consequences of the COVID pandemic?","authors":"David Nicholas,&nbsp;Abdullah Abrizah,&nbsp;Jorge Revez,&nbsp;Blanca Rodríguez Bravo,&nbsp;Marzena Swigon,&nbsp;David Clark,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Anthony Watkinson,&nbsp;Eti Herman","doi":"10.1002/leap.1629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the COVID pandemic, some commentators thought that early career researchers (ECRs) would become a ‘lost generation’. Yet the Harbingers (H-2) longitudinal study, which followed ECRs for 2 years during the pandemic found that ECRs took things in their stride. More than 2 years on, we returned, as part of the AI stage of the Harbingers study (H-3), to see what has transpired and interviewed nearly 70 ECRs from six countries as part of an exploratory study. We found that: (1) only one in six ECRS thought they were suffering from the residual impacts of the pandemic, with increased workload creating the greatest stress; (2) working remotely, digitally and more flexibly was thought by many to be the biggest dividend delivered, making the job more desirable and competitive; (3) an apparent growth in jobs and promotions (tenures) confirmed the bounce-back. Given the modest size of the study, analysis by country has to be undertaken with caution, but China, where political and economic factors have stifled any bounce-back, stands out for special attention in a future full-blown study. Finally, the study yielded informed and considered views that the long-term impact of the pandemic appears to be beneficial rather than disadvantageous.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of peer review guidelines in international surgical journals: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Min Dong,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang,&nbsp;Xuemei Liu,&nbsp;Fang Lei,&nbsp;Yunmei Luo","doi":"10.1002/leap.1624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1624","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To gain insight into the current status of peer review guidelines in international surgical journals and to offer guidance for the development of peer review guidelines for surgical journals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected the top 100 journals in the category of ‘Surgery’ according to the Journal Citation Report 2021. We conducted a search of the websites of these journals, and Web of Science, PubMed, other databases, in order to gather the peer review guidelines published by these top 100 journals up until June 30, 2022. Additionally, we analysed the contents of these peer review guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only 52% (52/100) of journals provided guidelines for reviewers. Sixteen peer review guidelines which were published by these 52 surgical journals were included in this study. The contents of these peer review guidelines were classified into 33 items. The most common item was research methodology, which was mentioned by 13 journals (25%, 13/52). Other important items include statistical methodology, mentioned by 11 journals (21.2%), the rationality of figures, tables, and data, mentioned by 11 journals (21.2%), innovation of research, mentioned by nine journals (17.3%), and language expression, readability of papers, ethical review, references, and so forth, mentioned by eight journals (15.4%). Two journals described items for quality assessment of peer review. Forty-three journals offered a checklist to guide reviewers on how to write a review report. Some surgical journals developed peer review guidelines for reviewers with different academic levels, such as professional reviewers and patient/public reviewers. Additionally, some surgical journals provided specific items for different types of papers, such as original articles, reviews, surgical videos, surgical database research, surgery-related outcome measurements, and case reports in their peer review guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Key contents of peer review guidelines for the reviewers of surgical journals not only include items relating to reviewing research methodology, statistical methods, figures, tables and data, research innovation, ethical review, but also cover items concerning reviewing surgical videos, surgical database research, surgery-related outcome measurements, instructions on how to write a review report, and guidelines on how to assess quality of peer review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative agreements, publication venues and Open Access policies at the University of Milan","authors":"Laura Berni,&nbsp;Francesco Zucchini","doi":"10.1002/leap.1627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starting from July 2020 at the University of Milan, one of the largest and most important Italian universities, the first transformative agreements with some major international scientific publishers have come into effect. These agreements allow corresponding authors to publish in open access without directly bearing the publication costs. From the perspective of corresponding authors, these agreements could increase the dissemination of their scientific output and, thereby, the impact on the scientific community. However, transformative agreements are part of a rapidly changing publishing market that already includes open access articles in both so-called ‘Diamond’ and ‘Gold’ journals. The aim of our study is to understand to what extent the positioning of journals in impact rankings, the disciplinary field of the article, together with the career stage of the corresponding author, influence the choice to publish in a journal covered by transformative agreements rather than in other open access or hybrid journals. The results of our investigation draw attention to the importance of rules in Italy governing scientific careers in different disciplinary fields and potential unforeseen effects of policies favouring open access.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obvious artificial intelligence-generated anomalies in published journal articles: A call for enhanced editorial diligence","authors":"Bashar Haruna Gulumbe","doi":"10.1002/leap.1626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1626","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized virtually every aspect of our lives, marking a transformative era of technological advancement and integration (Bohr &amp; Memarzadeh, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Verganti et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). From the way we interact with our devices through voice-activated assistants, to the convenience of personalized recommendations on streaming services, AI has seamlessly woven itself into the fabric of daily existence. This pervasive influence of AI extends beyond everyday consumer technology, profoundly impacting sectors such as healthcare (Rajpurkar et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), where algorithms diagnose diseases with unprecedented accuracy, and transportation (Bharadiya, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), with the advent of autonomous vehicles reshaping notions of mobility and safety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This widespread integration of AI has not spared the field of academic publishing (Ganjavi et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), where its influence has instigated a series of challenges and potential pitfalls. The introduction of AI into research and writing processes, intended to facilitate and enhance the arduous tasks of data analysis and literature review, has instead opened a Pandora's box of issues. Among the most significant concerns are ethical and practical issues related to the application of AI in publication (Ganjavi et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Samuel et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Recognizing these dynamics, the STM report (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) offers practical guidelines tailored specifically for the use of generative AI within this field. It clearly differentiates the roles of generative AI, from its simple use as an authorial aid, which necessitates no further reporting, to its more advanced implementations. Moreover, universities and publishers globally are developing policies to govern the use of generative AI in academic writing. These guidelines are crafted to steer authors through the intricate and diverse applications of AI, ensuring that its advantages are maximized while effectively mitigating potential risks (Gulumbe et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite these guidelines, the academic community has witnessed the troubling emergence of clear AI-generated anomalies within published articles (Wong, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Such instances serve as a stark reminder of the fine balance between leveraging AI for its undeniable benefits and the imperative need for the academic community to address AI-related discrepancies. These discrepancies not only undermine the integrity of scholarly work but also pose a threat to the foundational principles of academic rigour and trust.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The crux of the issue lies not in the use of AI &lt;i&gt;per se&lt;/i&gt; but in the apparent lack of editorial oversight that has allowed evidently flawed AI-generated content to slip through the rigorous checks and balances of the peer-review process. Recent events underline this concern, illuminating a dire need for the implementation of more strin","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of AI on the post-pandemic generation of early career researchers: What we know or can predict from the published literature","authors":"Eti Herman,&nbsp;David Nicholas,&nbsp;Abdullah Abrizah,&nbsp;Jorge Revez,&nbsp;Blanca Rodríguez-Bravo,&nbsp;Marzena Swigon,&nbsp;David Clark,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Anthony Watkinson","doi":"10.1002/leap.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This extensive literature review is not a stand-alone paper, as it was conducted to help set the scene for the third and current stage of the Harbinger of Change project (H-3), which is focusing on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on early career researchers (ECRs). Its purpose is to inform the design, scope and question-forming of the ongoing interview project (2024–). The overarching aim of the review is to establish what we know of the already extant and/or predicted opportunities and challenges that AI-driven technologies present to researchers, in general, and the cohort of junior researchers among them, in particular. It was found that very little empirical evidence exists of what is happening to ECRs on the ground, and that tends to be drowned in a sea of forecasts and prognostications. However, down the road there are clear benefits accruing to ECRs and, arguably, the most appealing for novice researchers must be the benefits of enhancing their productivity, the key to all scholarly rewards, inclusive of career advancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the early career researcher: A study of publication-based definitions","authors":"Tove Faber Frandsen,&nbsp;Jeppe Nicolaisen","doi":"10.1002/leap.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of early career researchers need to define and operationalize what qualifies as an early career researcher. Regrettably, consensus on this matter remains elusive, leading to the emergence of diverse approaches in the literature. This study provides an overview of the various ways this concept has been defined and operationalized in previous studies. Four publication-based approaches are identified and tested with the purpose of exploring the possible consequences arising from different publication-based definitions for early career researchers. The four proxies for defining an early career researcher are tested using two samples of authors having published in the fields of library and information science (LIS) and economics. The share of early career researchers seems to be decreasing over time although it depends on the field and definition. The four approaches return quite different results. In LIS, the four different definitions are highly correlated and therefore depict similar pictures over time. This is not the case in Economics, indicating that the choice of approach when defining an early career researcher may have an impact on the results of the analysis in this field. Defining early career researchers through proxies may influence the outcomes of the study, emphasizing the importance of thoughtful consideration when formulating the definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional spillover effect of 2022 sanctions against Russia on scholarly publications","authors":"Aliya Kuzhabekova","doi":"10.1002/leap.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the spillover effects of economic sanctions against Russia on research in neighbouring countries. The assumption of the paper is that such effects should take place given the high level of regional integration in the post-Soviet area. The study uses bibliometric data retrieved from the Web of Science for analysis; more specifically, the data on publications during 2019, 2021 and 2023 from each of the four countries of interest – Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and graphs. The results clearly point to the potential presence of negative externalities of economic sanctions on research systems of neighbouring countries not directly involved in the war. The paper discusses implications of the effects and recommendations, which can be used by policy makers to alleviate the effects on the neighbouring countries and by scholars to further investigate the phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leap.1619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From serials crisis to dollar crisis: The compelling evidence against APC-based open access in sub-Saharan Africa countries","authors":"Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari","doi":"10.1002/leap.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1620","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The article processing charges (APC)-based model of open access has constituted a major obstacle to achieving open access in developing countries.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>High exchange rates of local currencies to the dollar make sustaining the APC open access model impractical.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Other approaches should be used to achieve equitable and inclusive open access.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51636,"journal":{"name":"Learned Publishing","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}