Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR最新文献

{"title":"[The appropriateness of pressure injury treatment plans generated by large language models: a multicentre pilot study].","authors":"Davide Alborino, Francesca Gallone","doi":"10.1702/4723.47394","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4723.47394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. The appropriateness of pressure injury treatment plans generated by large language models: a multicentre pilot study.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major clinical and organizational challenge associated with high healthcare costs and complex management, variability in dressing selection and adherence to guidelines. Large language models (LLMs) may assist nurses in PI management by generating evidence-based treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the appropriateness of PI treatment plans generated by an artificial intelligence (AI) system based on a LLM compared with international guideline recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2025. Nurses working in different healthcare settings submitted real-world PI cases through an online questionnaire, reporting wound characteristics, comorbidities, and clinical images when available. Cases were processed using GPT-4o configured with a structured prompt based on international wound care guidelines. Generated treatment plans underwent internal validation by the research team and external evaluation through participant feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six clinical cases were submitted by 20 nurses. The AI system generated treatment plans fully consistent with international recommendations. In cases including wound photographs, it provided more detailed recommendations. Five of the seven nurses who provided feedback, considered the treatment appropriate, while two reported educational benefits and no safety concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs may represent a promising and educational support in wound care, potentially improving therapeutic appropriateness and standardization of clinical practice. Studies on real clinical outcomes are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The meaningful activities approach in post-stroke neurorehabilitation: an identity-based intervention in a nurse with severe stroke. A case study].","authors":"Carlo Alberto Camuccio, Sara Guglielmi, Valeria Basso, Elena Piazzalunga, Silvia Salvalaggio, Ariel Mainardi, Ilaria Di Maria, Laura Danesin, Francesca Burgio","doi":"10.1702/4723.47395","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4723.47395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. The meaningful activities approach in post-stroke neurorehabilitation: an identity-based intervention in a nurse with severe stroke.</p><p><strong>A case study: </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurorehabilitation often lacks personalized strategies that incorporate patients' identities and meaningful activities; those aligned with personal goals, skills, and identity, can enhance motivation, participation, and long-term engagement. This study describes a nursing intervention aimed at integrating professional identity into rehabilitation for a nurse recovering from a severe stroke.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the outcomes of a neurorehabilitation intervention based on meaningful activities derived from the patient's nursing background.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A case study on a post-stroke nurse patient. An interdisciplinary team designed and implemented cognitive stimulation activities based on nursing procedures performed by the patient together with the ward nurses. Emotional and cognitive changes were monitored using neuropsychological tests and the Goal Attainment Scaling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient showed progressive emotional stabilization and improvements in attention and visuospatial abilities, she regained autonomy in activities of daily living. These improvements coincided with engagement in procedural activities grounded on nursing professional identity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This approach proved to be effective, well-received by the staff, and therefore promising both for further research and for designing and implementing in clinical practice rehabilitation programs that incorporate identity-based meaningful activities, fostering the therapeutic relationship and recovery in post-stroke care.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Loneliness as a health issue: a new challenge for healthcare systems and nursing].","authors":"","doi":"10.1702/4723.47399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1702/4723.47399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. Loneliness as a health issue: a new challenge for healthcare systems and nursing. Loneliness has long been considered mainly a psychological or social condition. However, growing scientific evidence has identified loneliness as a major health determinant associated with poorer clinical outcomes, increased healthcare utilization, reduced quality of life, and higher mortality. Demographic ageing, weakening social networks, chronic diseases, socioeconomic vulnerability, and the impact of the covid-19 pandemic have contributed to making loneliness a widespread public health issue affecting all age groups.The literature clearly distinguishes loneliness, a subjective perception of inadequate social relationships, from social isolation, an objective lack of social contacts. Chronic loneliness has been associated with depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, frailty, sleep disorders, and unhealthy behaviors. Its impact on health has been compared to traditional risk factors such as smoking and obesity.Healthcare systems are increasingly required to address loneliness through multidimensional assessment, continuity of care, community-based interventions, and social prescribing programs. Relational vulnerability should be considered an essential component of healthcare assessment, particularly among frail, elderly, chronically ill, and socially vulnerable individuals.Within this framework, nurses play a pivotal role because of their close and continuous contact with patients across hospital, community, home care, and long-term care settings. Addressing loneliness represents both a clinical and ethical challenge for contemporary healthcare systems and highlights the importance of integrating relational and social dimensions into care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Family or community nurses in Italy: analysis of data from the six-monthly survey on the implementation of Ministerial Decree 77/2022].","authors":"Luigi Apuzzo, Alice Borghini, Maddalena Iodice, Lorena Martini","doi":"10.1702/4723.47396","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4723.47396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. Family or community nurses in Italy: analysis of data from the six-monthly survey on the implementation of Ministerial Decree 77/2022.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The family or community nurse (IFoC - FCN) is the professional responsible for nursing processes in the family and community settings, ensuring nursing care in collaboration with all community professionals. Italian Ministerial Decree 77/2022 recognized the FCN as a key professional for territorial healthcare services and established a standard of 1 FCN per 3,000 inhabitants. In 2023, Agenas (Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services) guidelines further defined competencies, training pathways, organizational integration, and target population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the diffusion of FCNs within Italian regional and autonomous province districts and to analyze trends between December 2023 and December 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive study based on the analysis of regional reports collected by Agenas within the national six-month monitoring program on the implementation of services established by Ministerial Decree 77/2022. Data included the number of FCNs working in districts and Community Houses, regional workforce needs, training programs, and adoption of Agenas guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from all 21 Italian Regions showed a progressive increase in FCNs. As of December 2025, 5,189 FCNs were active, compared with 4,446 in 2024 and 1,034 in 2023. Only 7 Regions/Autonomous Provinces reported workforce targets consistent with the standard of 1 FCN per 3,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, 81% of Regions/Autonomous Provinces defined future workforce needs, 86% activated specific training programs, and 57% formally adopted the Agenas guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FCNs are increasing in all regions and the growing investment in recruitment and training is tangible. However, the standards established by Ministerial Decree 77/2022 have not yet been fully achieved nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Smart emergencies: when artifi cial intelligence transforms the 118 emergency service].","authors":"Luigi Scandale","doi":"10.1702/4723.47398","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4723.47398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. Smart emergencies: when artificial intelligence transforms the 118 emergency service. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to the Italian emergency medical service (118 EMS), reshaping triage, dispatching, clinical support, and training. The aim of this paper is to describe the current applications of AI in prehospital emergency care and analyze future perspectives, limitations, and ethical-legal implications. The contents are based on the international literature and real-world case studies, focusing on peer-reviewed research and ongoing pilot projects in emergency medical systems. AI systems demonstrate higher accuracy in early recognition of time-critical conditions (cardiac arrest, stroke, severe trauma); improved resource allocation and reduced response times; predictive capacity of emergency demand, supporting workforce and vehicle planning; innovative training through generative AI-based simulations. Key challenges remain in clinical validation, workflow integration, and data protection.AI is an emerging ally for enhancing the efficiency and quality of EMS while preserving the centrality of professional judgment. Its responsible adoption requires staff training, algorithmic transparency, and clear regulations. Future integration with Internet of Things (IoT) and predictive systems may establish a more proactive, resilient, and patient-centered emergency care model.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The new clinical master's degrees: what does this really mean for the Italian nursing profession?]","authors":"Valerio Dimonte, Luisa Saiani","doi":"10.1702/4723.47393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1702/4723.47393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 2","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[When protocols meet reality].","authors":"Silvia Gonella","doi":"10.1702/4664.46768","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4664.46768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. When protocols meet reality. The JAMA narrative highlights the structural and ethical limits of clinical protocols. While protocols ensure standardization, safety, and accountability, their mechanical application may conflict with patient dignity and vulnerability. In advanced dementia, asking cognitively impossible questions can generate psychological and relational harm, raising concerns about unintended iatrogenic distress. Protocols are designed for typical cases and measurable outcomes, but rarely account for cognitive variability or emotional impact. When system coherence overrides lived experience, care risks losing its human dimension. The key principle emerging from this case is that relationship must precede procedure. Clinicians must be trained not only to apply protocols, but to adapt them responsibly. Without this competence, even evidence-based practice may produce avoidable harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 1","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Striking nurses in New York brave the freezing cold].","authors":"","doi":"10.1702/4664.46767","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4664.46767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. Striking nurses in New York brave the freezing cold. The text reflects on the symbolic image of freezing streets and bridges in New York as a backdrop to a deeper message about nursing and social responsibility. Although these winter scenes may feel distant when read in spring, the contrast highlights a broader tension between hardship and hope. At a time when the United States, long considered a reference point for health professions, appears marked by violence and social contradictions, the nursing profession embodies resistance and moral responsibility. In New York, nurses have taken a stand grounded not in partisan politics but in ethical commitment. Their mobilization serves as a reminder that healthcare must prioritize human life, especially the lives of the most vulnerable. Nurses affirm that care must be valued above weapons and that true security comes from investing in health and dignity. For care to be real, economic priorities must shift toward supporting adequate time, staffing, and resources. Professional dignity requires conditions that allow nurses to genuinely meet people's needs. The gesture described is less about political protest and more about reaffirming care as a social foundation. The deeper message is that knowledge only becomes meaningful when it translates into real, accessible care for those who need it most.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 1","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The concept of overeducation and its implication for the nursing profession].","authors":"Maddalena Infante, Sara Binotto, Michela Salgaro, Alice Cattoi, Giulia Cavaliere, Marianna Cioni, Piergiorgio Ciraci, Claudia Comencini, Luca Dal Lago, Linda Faccioli, Eleonora Giramonti, Tania Iuriatti, Barbara Mantovan, Marco Reniero, Fabio Rubinato, Giovanni Sartori, Alvisa Palese","doi":"10.1702/4664.46764","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4664.46764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. The concept of overeducation and its implication for the nursing profession. Beyond salary-related issues, limited social recognition and the insufficient valorisation of competencies acquired through post-basic education or advanced professional experience also play a significant role in the attractiveness of the nursing profession. The concept of overeducation in this context refers to the mismatch between the level of education attained and the role actually performed. Despite its growing relevance, this concept still lacks a clear theoretical and operational framework, particularly within nursing.A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and grey literature sources, including contributions from economic and sociological research to analyse definitions, measurement approaches, causes, and consequences of overeducation, as well as related concepts such as overskilling, skill mismatch, and overqualification.Published papers adopt different definitions making comparisons difficult. Overeducation may take individual or collective forms and can be either temporary or persistent, with economic, organisational, and professional determinants. It may impact on job dissatisfaction, turnover intentions, burnout, and the underutilisation of human capital, but it may also prompt proactive strategies for professional mobility. Measuring overeducation in nursing requires first clarifying how the concept can be operationalized within a profession where advanced education does not always correspond to formally differentiated roles. Studying overeducation becomes essential to understand the alignment between training, recognition of credentials, and the effective use of professional competencies. This involves defining appropriate indicators that capture the alignment between educational attainment, role requirements, and the actual use of competencies in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Compassion and freedom: the example of Alex Pretti].","authors":"Giuseppe Gristina","doi":"10.1702/4664.46766","DOIUrl":"10.1702/4664.46766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>. Compassion and freedom: the example of Alex Pretti. In this issue we publish Giuseppe Gristina's moving remembrance of Alex Jeffrey Pretti, a US intensive care nurse who was killed in Minneapolis on January 24, 2026 during protests following a controversial police action. Pretti was also an engaged citizen, active in public life and committed to democratic values. His story reminds us that nursing (and health professionals) identity cannot be confined to hospital wards or clinical settings: nurses work at the intersection of health, social vulnerability, and inequality, and their professional responsibility often extends beyond the bedside into the civic sphere. Pretti's legacy therefore stands as a reminder that the ethics of care continues not only in clinical practice, but also in the way professionals choose to engage with the world around them.</p>","PeriodicalId":516320,"journal":{"name":"Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR","volume":"45 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}